NCERT

EXEMPLAR
Solutions of Sets
.E .
. T
by AVTE (avte.in)

.V
A Class XI

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(up to Q.26)

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 SETS
Short Answer Type

1. Write the following sets in the roaster form.

(i) A  {x : x  R, 2x  11  15}
(ii) B  {x|x2  x,x }
(iii) C  {x|x is a positive factor of prime number p}.
Sol. (i) We have, A{x : x  , 2x 1115}
 2x + 11 = 15
 2x = 15 – 11  2x = 4
 x=2
 A = {2}
(ii) We have,

B = {x|x2 = x, x  R}
x2 = x *

.E .
T
 x2 – x = 0  x(x – 1) = 0


x = 0, 1

.V .
B = {0, 1}

A
(iii) We have, C = {x | x is positive factor of prime number p}.
Since, positive factors of a prime number are 1 and the number itself.
 C = {1, p}

2. Write the following sets in the roaster form.

(i) D  {t|t 3  t, t   }
w2
(ii) E  { w|  3,w   }
w3
(iii) f  {x|x 4  5x2  6  0,x  R}
Sol. (i) We have, D  {t|t 3  t.t R} [* Beware of Root Loss]
 t3 = t *
(General mistake: x2 = x  x 2  x  x  1 . But, there should be two roots)
 t3 – t = 0  t(t2 – 1) = 0
 t(t – 1) (t + 1) = 0  t = 0, 1, –1
 D = {-1, 0, 1}

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 w2
(ii) we have, E  {w|  3,w  R}
w3

w2
 3
w 3

 w - 2 = 3w + 9  w – 3w = 9 + 2
11
 –2w = 11  w
2
11
 –2w = 11  w
2

 E 211
(iii) Method I
We have, F  {x|x 4  5x2  6  0, x  R}


x4 – 5x2 + 6 = 0
x4 – 3x2 – 2x2 + 6 = 0

.E .
T
 x2 (x2 – 3) – 2(x2 – 3) = 0

 x   3,  2

.V .
(x2 – 3) (x2 – 2) = 0

F   3 ,  2 , 2 , 3 

A


Method II
Put x2 = t
t2 – 5t + 6 = 0
(t – 3) (t – 2) = 0
either t = 3 or t = 2  x2 = 3 or x2 = 2
 x  3 or x  2

 F   3 ,  2 , 2 , 3 
Note: In roaster form, the order in which elements are listed is immaterial, Thus, we can also write
F   3 , 2 ,  2 , 3  .

* Remember that there should not be any root loss.

(General mistake: x2 = x  x 2  x  x  1 . But, there should be two roots)

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3. If Y = {x | x is a positive factor of the number 2p-1 (2p – 1), where 2p – 1 is a prime number}. Write Y in the
raoster form.
Sol. By putting p = 1, 2......p to get Y.
Y = {x | x is a positive factor of the number 2p – 1 (2p - 1), where 2p - 1 is a prime number}.
So, the factor of 2p–1 are 1, 2, 22, 23, ..........,2p-1.
 Y = {1, 2, 22, 23, .........2p–1, 2p – 1}.

4. State which of the following statements are true and which are false.
Justify your answer.
(i) 35  {x|x has exactly four positive factors}.
(ii) 128  {y| the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}.
(iii) 3  {x|x4  5x3  2x 2  112x  6  0}.

.
(iv) 496  {y| the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}.

.E
Sol. (i) Since, the factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7 and 35. So, statement (i) is true.

T
(ii) Since, the factors of 128 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128.

= 225  2 × 128

.V
So, statement (ii) is false .
Sum of factors = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128

(iii)




A
We have, x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – 112x + 6 = 0
For x = 3,
(3)4 – 5(3)3 + 2(3)2 – 112(3) + 6 = 0
81 – 135 + 18 – 336 + 6 = 0
-346 = 0
which is not true.
Hence, statement (iii) is true.
(iv)  496 = 24 × 31
So, the factors of 496 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62, 124, 248 and 496.
 Sum of factors = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 31 + 62 + 124 + 248 + 496
= 992 = 2 (496)
So, 496  {y| the sum of all the positive factors of y is 2y}.
Hence, statement (iv) is also.

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5. If L = {1, 2, 3, 4}, M = {3, 4, 5, 6} and N  {1, 3, 5}. Verify that L – (M  N) (L– M) (L – N).
Sol. Given, L = {1, 2, 3, 4}, M = {3, 4, 5, 6} and N = {1, 3, 5}
 M  N  {1, 3, 4, 5,6}
L (M  N)  {2}
Now, L - M = {1, 2}, L – N = {2, 4}
 (L  M) (L– N)  {2}
 L (M  N) (L – M) (L – N)
Hence Verified.

6. If A and B are subsets of the universal set U, then show that

(i) AA B (ii) A B  A  B  B
(iii) (A  B) A

.
Sol. (i) Let x A

.E
 x  A or x  B  x  A  B

T
 AB

.
(ii) If AB

.V
Let x A B

 x  A or x  B  x  B  A B 

But

A A  BB
BA  B
From (i) and (ii),

Now, if
AB=B
AB=B
........(i)
.......(ii)

Let yA
 yAB  yB [  A  B = B]
 AB
Hence, AB  AB=B
(iii) Let xAB
 x  A and x  B  xA
Hence, ABA

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7. Given that N = {1, 2, 3, ....... , 100}. Then write
(i) the subset of N whose elements are even numbers.
(ii) the subset of N whose elements are perfect square numbers.
Sol. We have, N = {1, 2, 3, 4,..............100}. Then, write
(i) Required subset = {2, 4, 6, 8,.........100}.
(ii) Required subset = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}

8. If X = {1, 2, 3}, If n represents any member of X, write the following sets containing all numbers represented
by
(i) 4n (b) n+6
n
(c) (d) n–1
2

.
Sol. Given, X = {1, 2, 3}

.E
(i) {4n|n  X}  {4, 8, 12}
(ii) {n  6|n  X}  {7,8,9}

(iii)

(iv)
 n
2  1
|n  X  , 1,
2
3
2
{n  1|n  X}  {0,1, 2}


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9.

(i)
(ii)
A
If Y = {1, 2, 3,......10} and a represents any element of Y, write the following sets, containing all the
elements satisfies the given conditions.
a  Y but a 2  Y
a  1  6, a  Y
(iii) a is less than 6 and a  Y
Sol. Given, Y = {1, 2, 3,...., 10}
(i) {a : a  Y and a 2  Y}  {4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
(ii) {a : a  1  6,a  Y}  {5}.
(iii) a is less than 6 and a  Y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

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10. A, B and C are subsets of universal set U. If A  {2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20}, B  {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}, C  {5, 10, 15, 20}
and U is the set of all whole numbers, draw a Venn diagram showing the relation of U, A, B and C.
Sol. [Hint: Think of intersection union in venn. Diagram]

U
A B
2 4 3
6
8 12
9
20 15

5 10

11. Let U be the set of all boys and girls in a school, G be the set of all girls in the school, B be the set of all

.E .
boys in the school and S be the set of all students in the school who take swimming. Some, but not all,
students in the school take swimming. Draw a Venn diagram showing one of the possible interrelationship

T
among sets U, G, B and S.
Sol.

.V . B S G
U

12.
A
For all sets A, B and C, show that (A – B)  (A –C)  A (B  C).
Determine whether each of the statement in Exercise 13 – 17 is true or false.
Justify your answer.
Sol. LHS,
Let x (A – B) (A C)
 x (A – B)andx (A C)
 (x  A and x  B) and (x  A andx  C)
 x  A and (x  B and x  C)
 x  A and x  (B  C)
 x  A – (B  C)
 (A  B) (A C) A (B  C) .......(i)

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 Now, RHS
Let y  A (B  C)
 y  A and y  (B  C)
 y  A and (y  B and y  C)
 (y  A and y  B) and (y  A and y  C)
 y (A  B) and y (A C)
 y (A  B)  (A C)
 A (B  C)  (A  B)  (A –C) .......(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
A (B  C)  (A  B)  (A –C) , Hence Shown

13. For all sets A and B, (A  B)  (A  B)  A.

.
Sol. Taking LHS

.E
= (A  B)  (A  B)
= [(A  B)  A]  (A – B)  B 

= A  (A  B)  A  RHS

.V
Hence, given statement is true.

. T
14.

A
For all sets A, B and C, A – (B – C) = (A – B) – C.
See the Venn diagrams given below, where shaded portions are representing A - (B - C) and (A – B) – C
respectively.

A B
T U
A B

C C
A – (B – C) (A – B) – C

Sol. Method I
Taking LHS
A (B  C’)’ = A (B’  (C’)’) (X Y’)’
= A (B’  C) (X’ (Y’)’
= (A B’) (A  C) X’(Y’ Z)
= (A –B’) (A  C) (X  Y)  (X  Z)

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 Taking RHS
(A – B) – C = (A  B’)  C’
= A  (B’  C’)
= A  (B  C)’
= A – (B  C)
LHS  RHS
Method II
Clearly, A – (B – C)  (A - B) - C
Hence, given statement is false.

15. For all sets A, B and C, if A B, then A  C  B  C.

Sol. [Hint: Think of subset and intersection]

.
Let xAC

.E
 x  A and x  C

T
 x  B and x  C [  A B]

.
 x (B C)  (A C)  (B C)

.V
Hence, given statement is true.

16.



A
For all sets, A, B and C, if A B, then A  C  B C.
Sol. [Hint: Think of subset and union]
Let x  A C
x  A and x  C
x  B and x  C [  A  B]
 xBC  ACBC
Hence, given statement is true.

17. For all sets A, B, C, if A C and B C, then A  B C.

Sol. [Hint: Think of subset and union]
Let xAB
 x  A and x  B
 x  C and x  C [  A C and B  C]
 xC  ABC
Hence, given statement is true.

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18. For all sets A and B, A (B – A) = A B.
Sol. [Hint: Think of union and only B]
LHS = A  (B – A) = A  (B  A’) [  X – Y = X  Y’ = only X]
= (A  B)  (A  A’) = (A  B)  U [  X  X’ = U]
= A  B = RHS [  X  U = X]
Hence, given statement is true.

19. For all sets A and B, A – (A – B) = A  B.

Sol. [Hint: Think of only A]
Taking LHS
A – (A – B) = A – (A B’) [  X – Y = X  Y’]
= A (A  B’)’ = A A’(B’)’] [  (X  Y)’ = X’  Y’, de-Morgan’s Law]

.
= A (A’  B) [  (X’)’ = X]

.E
= (A A’)(A  B) =  (A B)

T
= A B= RHS

.
Hence, given statement is true.

20.

.V
For all sets A and B, A – (A  B) = A – B
Sol. Taking LHS

A
= A – (A B) = A (A B)’
= A (A’  B’)
= (A A’)  (A B’) =  (A B’)
[  X – Y = X  Y’]
[  (X  Y)’ = X’  Y’]
[  X  X’ = ] and [    X = X]
= A B’
= A–B = RHS
Hence, given statement is true.

21. For all sets A and B, (A B’) – B = A – B.

Sol. Taking LHS
(A B’) – B = (A B’) B’ [ X – Y = X  Y’]
= (A B’)  (B B’) = (A  B’)  distributive law and [ X  X’ = ]
= A B’ [ X   = X]
= A – B = RHS
Hence, given statement is true.

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  x  5 4x  40 
22. Let T  x|  5 . Is T an empty set? Justify your answer.
 x  7 13  x 

 x  5 4x  40 
Sol. Since, T  x| 5 
 x  7 13  x 

x5 4x  40
  5
x 7 13  x

x  5  5(x  7) 4x  40
 
x7 13  x

x  5  5x  35 4x  40
 
x7 13  x

4x  40 4x  40
 
x 7 13  x


–(4x – 40) (13 – x) = (4x – 40) (x – 7)
(4x – 40) (x – 7) + (4x – 40) (13 – x) = 0

.E .
T
 (4x - 40) (x – 7 + 13 – x) = 0


4(x – 10)6 = 0
24(x – 10) = 0
x = 10

.V .
A

 T = {10} Hence, T is non-empty set

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