QUESTION BANK AC MACHINES

1) Describe constructional features of both squirrel-cage induction motor and slip ring
induction motor. Discuss the merits of one over other
2) Discuss the difference between 3-phase induction motor and transformers.
3) The stator of a 3-phase, 4-pole slip ring induction motor is connected to 50 Hz supply. At
the rotor terminals, a frequency of 30 Hz is required. Find the possible speeds at which the
rotor must be driven. What is the ratio of slip-ring emfs at these speeds at no load?
4) Describe the principle operation of 3-phase induction motor. Explain why the rotor is forced
to rotate in the direction of rotating magnetic field.
5) Justify the following statements for a 3-phase induction motor:
i) Rotor leakage impedance at starting is different from its value at normal running condition
ii) Relative speed between stator field and rotor field is zero
iii) Stator current rises as the shaft load is increased.
6) Draw the exact equivalent circuit of an induction motor. What do the various parameter
represent? The shunt branch consisting of Rc and Xc in parallel, is either omitted or moved to
primary terminals during analysis of transformer equivalent circuit. This is not permissible in
the analysis of induction motor. Explain.
7) Sketch the typical torque-speed characteristic of an induction motor. How this characteristic
is modified
i) if its rotor-circuit resistance is increased, ii) if its rotor-circuit reactance is increased.
8) A 3-phase wound rotor induction motor develops a maximum torque 4 times the full-load
torque at a slip of 0.2. The per phase rotor resistance is 0.04Ω. The stator resistance and
rotational losses are negligible.
i) Calculate the slip at full-load torque. If the stator resistance were considered, would the value
of slip at full-load torque be smaller, same or larger?
ii) Calculate the value of external resistance that must be inserted in the rotor circuit in order
to obtain maximum torque at starting.
9) Why is it necessary to employ special starting arrangements for induction motors?
Calculate the relative values of starting currents and starting torque of a 3-phase squirrel cage
induction motor, when it is started by
i) Direct online starter
ii) Star Delta Starter
iii) Auto-Transformer Starter with 60% Tapping
10) A 3-phase, 6-pole, 50Hz, 400V SCIM has per-phase rotor leakage impedance=0.8+j2.4Ω
at standstill. Rotor copper bars of this motor replaced by aluminum bars. Determine how the
following performance parameters change with respect to their previous values: Slip at
maximum torque, starting torque, maximum torque and full load slip. Take resistivity=2.1Ωm,
for copper and 3.4Ωm for aluminum
11) A 400V, 3-phase, 8-pole, 50Hz star connected induction motor gave the following test
results:

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 No-load test (line values): 400V, 10A, cosθ0=0.174
Blocked-rotor test (line values): 160V, 30A, cosθsc=0.35.
If, at full load and rated voltage, the power factor is at its maximum, then calculate full-load
current, power factor, torque in newton meters, speed power output and efficiency. Stator and
rotor ohmic losses are equal.
12) Give the constructional details of both salient pole and non-salient pole synchronous
machines.
13) Derive an emf expression for an alternator from fundamentals showing clearly the
expression for pitch and distribution factor.
14) Develop and draw space and time-phasor diagrams for a cylindrical-rotor machine in case
alternator operates at an internal power factor of a) zero lagging b) zero leading c) cosψ lagging
15) A three-phase, 50Hz, 2000kVA, 11kV, star connected alternator has a full-load voltage
regulation of 10% at 0.8 p.f lag. Now the speed of the alternator prime mover decreases to give
a frequency of 48Hz. Determine its effect on alternator rating and also on the voltage regulation
at 0.8 p.f lag. The field and armature currents are assumed unchanged. Neglect armature
resistance.
16) Explain the method of determining the voltage regulation of an alternator by EMF and
MMF method.
17)Two 1000kVA, 3-phase alternators are running in parallel. The setting of their governors
is such that rise of speed from full load to no load is 2% in one machine and 3% in another, the
speed load characteristics being straight lines in both cases.
i) If both machines are fully loaded when the total load is 2000kVA, find the load on
each machine when the total load is 1166.6kVA.
ii) Also find the load at which one machine ceases to supply another
18) Derive the emf equation of synchronous generator and explain winding factor and pitch
factor
19) A 1500 kVA, 6.6kV, 3-phase, star connected alternator has effective armature resistace of
0.5Ω/ phase and a syncronous reactance of 5 Ω/phase. Find the perecentage change in terminal
voltage whenthe rated output of 1500kV at i)Unity p.f. ii) 0.8 lagging p.f iii) 0.8 leading p.f. is
switched off. The speed and excitation current remain unchanged.
20) Explain with neat diagram direct and indirect testing methods of voltage regulation.
21) A 6 pole, 50Hz 3 phase Induction Motor has rotor resistance of 0.2 Ω/ph. Maximum
torque is 200 Nm at 850 rpm. Find i) Torque at 4% slip ii) Additional rotor resistance to get
2/3rd of Tm at starting.
22) Draw a phasor diagram and explain the concept of two- reaction theory in a salient pole
Synchronous machines.
23) The open circuit and short circuit test results for 3phase, star connected 1000
kVA,1905V, 50Hz alternator are:
OC terminal voltage (Voc)line 760 1500 1700 1950 2300 2600
V
SC current Isc A --- 220 --- 335 ---- ----
Field current If A 10 20 25 30 40 50
The armature reactance per phase is 0.2 Draw the open circuit and short circuit charecterstics
and find the regulation on full load 0.8 lagging p.f. by Ampere- turn method and Syncronous
impedance method.

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 24) Obtain an expression for the condition of maximum torque of an induction motor. Sketch
the torque-slip curves for several values of rotor circuit resistance and indicate the condition
formaximum torque to be obtained at starting.
25) Why starters are necessary in 3-∅ induction motors? Explain in brief different starting
methods 3-∅ induction motors.
26) Arrive at equivalent circuit of an induction through relavant explaination
27) Why is it necessary to employ special starting arrangements for induction motors?
Calculate the relative values of starting currents and starting torque of a 3-phase squirrel cage
induction motor, when it is started by
iv) Direct online starter
v) Star Delta Starter
vi) Auto-Transformer Starter with 60% Tapping
28) Explain how the rotating magnetic field are produced by i)2-∅ currents, ii)3-∅ currents
29) What is Crawling and cogging of Induction motor
30) Explain the construction and operation of P M Stepper motor
31) Draw the circle diagram from no load and SC test data of a 3 phase, 14.92kW, 400V, 6-
pole Induction motor Rotor copper loss at standstill is half the total copper loss. Find i) Line
current ii) Slip iii) Efficiency iv) pf at full load v) Max torque. For the test data given below
No-load test (line values): 400V, 10A, cosθ0=0.174
Blocked-rotor test (line values): 160V, 30A, cosθsc=0.35
32) Explain the construction and operation of AC servo motor

33)With a neat sketch and graph explain the construction and working principle of 3-∅
induction motor
34) Define slip and explain its significance in operation of Induction motor

35) Deduce an expression for the frequency of rotor current in an induction motor

36) Obtain an expression for the condition of maximum torque of an induction motor. Sketch
the torque-slip curves for several values of rotor circuit resistance and indicate the condition
formaximum torque to be obtained at starting.
37)Why starters are necessary in 3-∅ induction motors? Explain in brief different starting
methods 3-∅ induction motors
38) Arrive at equivalent circuit of an induction through relavant explaination
39) Draw the circle diagram from no-load and short-circuit test of a 3-∅, 14.92kW, 400-
V,6-pole
induction motor from the faallowing test results
No load: 400V, 11A, p.f=0.2
Short ckt: 100V, 25A, p.f=0.4
Rotor copper loss at stand still is half the total copper loss.
From the diagram, find (a) line current, slip, efficiency and p.f at full load b) the maximum
torque

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 39) Explain the differences between the characteristics of slip ring and squirrel cage
induction motors. Sketch the typical characterisics of each
40)A 3-∅ induction motor has a synchronous speed of 250 rpm and 4% slip at full load.
The rotor
has a resistance of 0.02 Ω per phase and a standstill leakage reactance of 0.15Ω per phase.
Calculate: i) the speed at which maximum torque is developed;
ii) the ratio of maximum to full-load torque;
iii) the ratio of maximum to starting torque;
iv) What value should be the resistance per phase, so that the starting torque
is half
the maximum torque?
41) Explain how Potier triangle can be drawn with the help of OCC and any two points
on the zpfc.
42) Give the constructional details of both salient pole and non-salient pole synchronous
machines.
43) Explain how the application of shaft load causes a synchronous machine to operate as
a motor.
44) Derive an emf expression for an alternator from fundamentals showing clearly the
expression for pitch and distribution factor.
45) Develop and draw space and time-phasor diagrams for a cylindrical-rotor machine in
case alternator operates at an internal power factor of a) zero lagging b) zero leading c)
cosψ lagging
46) A three-phase, 50Hz, 2000kVA, 11kV, star connected alternator has a full-load voltage
regulation of 10% at 0.8 p.f lag. Now the speed of the alternator prime mover decreases to
give a frequency of 48Hz. Determine its effect on alternator rating and also on the voltage
regulation at 0.8 p.f lag. The field and armature currents are assumed unchanged. Neglect
armature resistance.
47) Explain the method of determining the voltage regulation of an alternator by EMF and
MMF method.
48)Two 1000kVA, 3-phase alternators are running in parallel. The setting of their
governors is
such that rise of speed from full load to no load is 2% in one machine and 3% in another,
the speed load characteristics being straight lines in both cases.
iii) If both machines are fully loaded when the total load is 2000kVA, find the load on
each machine when the total load is 1166.6kVA.
Also find the load at which one machine ceases to supply another

NOTE: If questions repeated conside it as imporatnat

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