New Generation, English Vocabulary

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Corruption tv on line Peru english
17 Oct.2016 New Generation

5% lo aprendes escuchando; 75% lo aprendes practicando
LOVE
You are the other half of me.
Am I still the boy you fell in love with?
It was just an infatuation = Un amorío, un capricho pasajero.
I am part of your future now.
You two make a perfect match.
This is a dream come true.
She’s my punkin (enamorada) pumpkin lo abrevian y lo pronuncian punkin.
(…cariño, amor, an adorable person you love. Calabazita a alaguien se le
ocurrio traducirlo asi pero esta mal, nadie dice calabazita a un ser querido en
español).
Roxana was looking for a good right man, like me.
I am full in love with you.
I am not seeing her. No estoy saliendo con ella
Phone
There is a telephone call for you.
The telephone is dead.
The line went dead.
Landline telephone or home telephone = teléfono fijo.

Put me through Mr. Anderson.
My telephone has been tapped (intervened) monitored.
This phone is not working.
Get Miss Wilson on the phone please.
Don’t hang up the phone. She hang up on me. You cut me off.
Hang on a minute please (wait).
Ring off, I’ll call you later.
The phone is for you.
Hold on the line.
Hold it = No cuelgues, no sigas hablando, pare (ej en un ascensor).
Put him through = Pasamelo (a mi teléfono).
Put it through (pásamelo al teléfono).
This is Dante (on the cell).
Can I call you back?
Turn it off! (your cell).
2
A marathon race.
27.09.16
Wait a minute, are you telling me that your…
I don’t want to argue with you.
You look good/great (your dress) You look wonderful.
I didn’t mean to scare you.
He’s loony / loonie (chiflado).
Just because I’m trying to put some order here…
Those who remained trapped were given blankets.
She stood me up (me dejó plantado).
What were you thinking?
You are just in so much trouble.
What are you waiting for?
We do not know where the story will take us.
To maintain a conversation.
ABBREVIATIONS
PMS = pre menstrual síndrome. Ex. It is pms
That sounds irrational.

I’m glad your parents are not alive to see this.
I am a peaceful man = soy un hombre pacifico.
I am so glad to have you back.
This is like a graveyard.
Pick up Packing slip = Planilla (en UK es ‘schedule’).
You are obstructing my view.
It is just unbelievable.
This will only prolong suffering.
I wanna get this right = Quiero entender bien esto
Tiny man, huge ego.
My house is as enormous as a castle.
Stephen Krashen on Language adquisition
Clichés ( = modelos)
We’ll make him an offer he can refuse (The Godfather famous phrase)
By the authority vested in me, I declare you husband and wife (owner and dog)
congratulations, you may kiss the dog now.
Do you Roxana take this man to be your lovely wedded husband? To love,
honor and cherish as long as you both shall live?
Rodrigo de Trana shouted “LAND, LAND”
He was delivered (or brought) by a stork.
The government of the people by the people and for the people.
3
“Do you Roxi take this man Dante

To be your lovely wedded husband, to love, honor and cherish
As long as you both shall live?
Yes, I do”
We’ll make him an offer he can’t refuse (The god father)
Take your marks (a sus marcas)
“Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing bu the
truth?”
“I think, therefore I am” (Descartes).
Am I interrupting something?
That is a valid question.
Can I see you again tonight?
These two theories (overlap = se sobreponen).
How did you sleep tonight? Sounds wrong How do you sleep last night is OK.
Are you OK. Answer I am better that OK.
What are you studying?
He is now with the very latest news.
Not knowing what you are doing is fatal.
What do you got in mind?
Persecution mania/complex = Delirio de persecución
Give me a break = No me molestes
Leech = I got a leech stuck to my leg.
He is a leech= sanguijuela (he has no job. He have others to pay. He leeches his
parents).
LAND (ROVER = vagabundo)
How’s work?
He’s speaking for himself (Capt. In China Town).
The day of her ovulation.
I feel a little faint.
You are (quick = listo).
I got a lot of stuff to do tomorrow.
That is a tough time for all of us.
She had cravings during pregnancy = Antojos When my wife was pregnant; she
had a craving for…
I am broken up boy, what a blow! (la muerte de alguien).
Come over here Browny/brownie.
I want to rip you apart.
14.10.15
Treat me like a grown up.

4
She has a past.

I cried like a baby.
Why are you looking at me like that for?
The bride walked down the aisle (18.10.16 test Bristish Ass).
You got a lot of problems, don’t you?
Sweetheart honey Darling dear…

I love you sweetheart Ej. Una mama a su hijo (aún mayor).
Finally, it’s over honey, it’s over.
What is your name honey? Un desconocido a un niño.
Your warmest dreams come true, darling.
Honey I am home.
Dear, honey, darling (Hombre a una esposa)
Honey esposa a esposo.
Honey (ella a el)
Honey (esposo a esposa).
Where bees are, there is honey.
Honey mamá a su hija.
Here we are honey, right where we started from
Darling come over here.
Hiya sweety (mujer a su )
Sit down dears!
Take me.
I take it out (lo retiro).
I have a dark side
I’ll run down the window.
From behind, from the rear, from the back.
A wad (un fajo) of banknotes
There are no accidents. Nothing happens by itself
You look like a normal person but actually you are…
I said to myself. “You deserve more than this.
Can you came over? = Puedes venir a mi casa?
Have a good/nice night! = Que tengas buenas noches.
This is really the most! (said by Marilyn Monroe in a movie because of the
refreshing air).
The one thing I can not (figure out= entender) how she married him.
My plan didn’t work out.
However if it doesn’t work out that way…
They themselves are fomenting the violence.
(You) come with me!
You are like a child, you see something and you grab it.
I still feel animosity - hostility (resentimiento, rencor) towards the girls who bullied
me at school.
Palanca/pata de cabra = Crowbar
We appreciate much the confidence that has been placed on us this event.
It has changed my insight (perception of death)..
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Conscious is not stored in the brain.

Inevitable is going to happen.
I can’t do nothing to stop the inevitable.
My persistence paid off (dio frutos/resultados).
But this is the thing.
Hold on a second (en una conversación).
A press conference.
I was at the inauguration.
The volcano is extinct, active, dormant.
Let’s try to treat to each other nicely.
Rojo azul Amarillo = Newton disc = blanco
Here is to my birthdaty + Cheers!
Kids get in here (vengan a mi cuarto) I’m not a quitter
Mutual funds
child actor.
May I say my acceptance speech.
This is gone far enough = Esto se ha ido muy lejos, se ha extralimitado
We have to deface the pictures (desfigurar, pintarrajear).
Things are back to normal.
I am a parent.
The elevator got stuck.
Skin pore.
You have a beautiful hairdo.
Are you awake?
Instead of toilet (which might be considered to be a dirty word) You ask where is
the ladies room (if a woman asks); or where is the little boy’s room (if a man ask for
it).
Instead of he’s handicapped or disabled you say He is mentally or physically
challenged
Instead of she is pregnant the prefer She’s got (or she has) a bun in the oven. A
negative connotation but with same meaning would be She is knocked up.
Instead of fat (for a woman), ej. she is full figured.
Gordo = Fat, big, overweight, heavy se prefiere decir: She’s full figured (para
mujeres), y He let himself go para hombres, o he’s big boned.
Fat ej. Un sumo wrestling.
Instead of unemployed you say more elegant He’s laid off or he’s between jobs.
I fell (got it) off the back of my truck i.e you buy it on the street, most probably
stolen.
If someone says to you. The car was previously enjoyed, i.e. it is a used car.
I come from the wake = Vengo del velatorio
We waked Rebecca (her) lst night
Where is the funeral parlor/chapel? Where is the chapel of rest?
Lana has a (friend) crush on Paul (lo acaba de conocer hace 5 minutos) todavía no
enamorada de el sino en camino o quiere serlo. Depende de Paul quien puede o
no aceptar, digamos Lana está muy interesada).
He bit the dust = passed away.
Ladies and gentlemen please take your seats.
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Everything happens for a reason.

You are the love of my life.
You destroyed my life.
Plana = writing exercise or repetition exercise. To write lines as punishment.
Take it easy = Bajen con cuidado (Ej. Del avión).
We will change the trajectory of this country
We are counting down the days (e.g. for the election).
Investing in mutual funds.
We are going to win in spite of these obstacles.
Traffic in Lima. Oh man! It’s horrible.
I’m not a circumcised.
Oh, there is a God. Dios existe.
Traitor = judas
I’ve been worried about you boy.
Browny is a boy dog. Princesa is a girl dog.
All the people I’ve known, they are now gone.
I lost the track = Que estaba diciendo?
When this place goes, part of me goes with it.
See ya! Te veo.
Good things come to those who wait.
They won’t get far.

If I die, I am going to kill you.
Any more bright ideas? Just one, RUN!
I don’t know, and I do not want to know
Hello fiancée (prometido, prometida).
I met you in an open house (casa en venta)
That guy was kind of funny with you (Te estaba coqueteando)
They are going to have sex with the light on.
How long have you been using Internet.
It’s to early to tell.
He’s the jark from television.

Hey! How you doing man?
Do you play anything? … un instrument musical?
The election system is rigged (manipulated)
It is time to make our voice heard.
Easy boy, easy Browny = …tranquilo Browny.
Simple as that.
Everything is going well.
You better go and get some rest.
You are a disgrace to Germany.
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09.08.99
I am not a spy, far from it
I am miserable than ever = soy mas infeliz que nunca.
I waited for you my entire life
I am getting drunk. Had a bad day
I think it’s an abomination (Jack Lemon, Edward G.Roberson)
Don’t try to fool me.
Ordinary, plain, everyday people.
You’re my man = usted Es mi hombre!
Marvelous, such a good idea. It’s marvelous Ej. Una escultura.
You’re so happy and (shinny=radiante)
We met = Ya nos conocimos.
Life is wonderful.
One more round (Ej. Una vuelta más de copas en una mesa).
I don’t believe in extravagance
Don’t you worry one little bit.
Hello dear (una mujer a otra)
Don’t upset yourself = no te perturbes
He’s still in his pijamas
Don’t look around.
Will you come over here please?
I don’t believe I have the pleasure (Me parece que no tenemos el gusto).
May I present you Mr.xxx? Answer: Pleasure meating you! (a pleasure to meet
you).
Goodbye Gentlemen
I wouldn’t do anything to upset you = No haría nada para molestarte
I have a much better idea.
TRANSITIVE (requires an object) INTRANSITIVE

Raise (upward movement) Rise (also upward movement)
Verbo regular. Rise rose risen
He raised his hand and waived. (Qué?) She was unable to rise from the seat.
He was raised from clerk to manager. The horse rose (on his hi/ai/nd legs).
On his hind legs can be omitted.
The sun rises in the east.
In hot days we raise the windows. (Qué In America students do not rise when
alzas?) the teacher enters the room (voluntary
movement).
I lay the book on the table (Que?) The book lies on the table.
I’m going to rise from the chair
(Afecta al que realiza la acción).
John said: “Hallo” to his mother.

Helow was said = Pesimo.
Neither subjenctive, conditional, commands, perhaps.
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Passive is only with direct objects.

The trick is that you must have an object to transform a sentence.
Fuck (ej. Si te despierta a medianoche tu BB.
I didn’t see much of the film, I fell asleep.
Box = You keep it.
Cárton = You throw it away.
To know the grammatical categories helps a lot: Ex.

Strait (noun). Strait jacket.
Straight (adj). A straight face.
I like her look = I like her style (fashion).
Cool = Awesome ex.that new bike is cool.
Cool = Nice. He gave me his lunch, he’s really cool.
a.I got a new car b. cool! (Interjection).
They are all terrible.
I am so glad you called = …que telefoneaste
Extensively dear = por extensión querida
It was pitch black at 8 o’clock
That is a (technicality = mecanismo).
A family man lives clean.

It is entirely your fault. You apoloogise this instant
a.Stop staring through the window b.I am just (glancing=dando un vistazo)
Would you mind, don’t slaming the door.
You’re a genious. (You got me=Me atrapaste)
Curves (de la pista). someone up there must be crazy about you.
A curvy (voluptuosa) girl/woman.
What is the expiration date for it (Ej. en una bolsa de Chisitos)
You left a coin = You choice him mover me.
Women melt just listening to his voice (Elvis)
A beaten child.
I am invict (Ej. En ajedrez). Invincible.
I’m shock = Estoy impactado
I was desvasteded, I was heartbroken.
For God’s sake! Roxy!
I miss work.
Will you please remove your (stuff? Cosas) Ej. En el cine y has separado un
asiento y encuentras que alguien a puesto sus cosas).
We still have a long way to go.
Stay calm.
I’m over here.
They put me on a stretcher.
I really felt pretty (blue=sad)
What do you expect me to do?
9
She invited me to her (dressing room=camerino).

At this hour?
Hold it up = sostenlo.
What’s happening?
He’s not gay.
Maybe once in a while.
Thanks for letting me in
The competition is tough.
The fact of the matter is…
When and if the need arises
I’m sorry I’m a little slow.
06.08.1999
I’m really sorry for the way I acted yesterday.
You are gonna make a great father.
Do we know each other?
What is going on in the world?
I never would have guessed
Never felt better = Nunca me sentí mejor
The baby is always wetting himself/itself
He’s a shitter. = Browny is a poopy. A poopy dog
I am hypochondriac.
A terminal desease
What am I going to do?
Mórphine
Cló/ou/roform
He was (delirious=delirando) in agony.
Lima is great town, it stinks, but it is a great town
What do you do? I am a teacher.
I stopped going to the reunions (ej. del colegio)
Albino = albino
He plays a lot of pools (billar)
Wait a second, I am not finished yet
I know what is at stake.
I am still listening – Turn up the volumen (of the TV)
I belive in you, but i can’t conotinue to defend you
God above is our witness
He is really is a troble maker
I am in love with her.
Defective brakes.
Miss could you get me more of this? (to a flighthostess e.x una copa)
That’s your job = esa es tu obra (Ej. Bill Cosby a su esposa por su hijo)
You should be a little more responsible.
You got me worried.
Our existance on this world is a puzzle.
This is a major mistake.
Family look what I’ve got (un pantalón de payaso en “Married with children”)
Nothing can’t stop me now
10
No mucus/booger in my handkerchief.
I couldn’t imagine living elsewhere.
Settle down = echar raíces
I’m delighted/fascinating by volcanoes
Si/ai/smometres.
What do you do for fun?
Guys I’ll be back = Se lo dices a hombre/mujeres
I walk you out = Te acompaño
Sulpher = Azufre (en un volcán)
All citizens are urged to attend a meeting.
I’d like to turn the floor to Mr.
Please remain calm.
Last night was a disaster
I never thought that would happen again.
Descent immediately.
Give me a little credit
You are putting words in my mouth now.

Play it = Has sonar/correr la cinta /cassette.
Let’s not kid ourselves
Have you doublé check/ triple check?
Why is so slow? Speed up!
I think you are both mentally ill.
a.Very nice meeting you George b.Likewise!
Hot fashion = Moda popular.
Hot line = Linea directa.
You are hot. (eres atractiva).
Would you like some extra coffee? That would be lovely.

Period
Man this is paradise.
12.08.1999
His belly was growing (…barriga).
She has love handles Ella tiene rollos.
Punch (puñetazo, cocktail, se pronunica como una a corta); paunch = panza, se
pronuncia /ponch/.
Perforador = Punch machine.
And now, I’d like to introduce you to…
I am dedicated body and soul.
Get in line (pónganse en fila)
Can I sit down?
I am the tútor (adviser). You are the tuteé
Right son, right dad!
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I do not want to see that kind of pass (pass the basket) any more.
You ass! Tonto en tono familiar.
Stick with me (quédate conmigo) 2 muchachos en una fiesta.
You have a wonderful hair.
I want to remold my house.
They fight like cats and dogs
You got it right.? (Entendiste lo que dije?)
Disillusion = Desilucion (Popeye viendo/sacando una nueva camisa)
I have no illusions of immortality
The terrorist wanted to humiliate America.
Police squad (= escudrón)
Kill him (donde está el policía? con David Nielsen in ‘Naked Gun’)
Think positive
Keep moving there is nothing to see here.
He’s a respectful businessman
Magnificent office you have
Its value is beyond estimation
To what do I owe the honor? (Leslie Nielsen) A que le debo el honor de tu visita.
Ricardo Montalvan.
Will you please send Mr. Spencer.
She had the curves. There is no rush.
Is there any way I can repay you?
My pleasure.
I do!
And do you…
Your eyeglasses made those impressions on your nose
He only saw a blair.
What do you think I am an idiot or something?
14.08.99
Ladies and gentlemen the moment we have been waiting for has arrived.
I got lead = Yo te dirijo (en un baile de pareja).
Here is the cape, all safe and sound.

More, more, come on!
First you have to set with the rhythm.
Hey! Watch it that’s expensive (Ej. guardando algo delicado en la maletera)
Heh! You have a good summer too!
Beat it baby.
Well! That’s a relief = Eso es un alivio.
Awful when parents do not get along well = Feo cuando los padres no se llevan
bien.
I’m not spring chic either =...una jovencita
I’m dead tired.
Kitchen door open = La puerta trasera abierta
Good night, perhaps I should say good morning
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Attention campers = Veraneantes

You smell! = Hueles feo!
Give me a shot = Deme otra dosis (drugs, alcohol…)
The price is going to ris /z/ e, the price is going to fall.
Money isn’t everything man.
Can you advance me a small loan until Friday?
Why don’t you just go away?
You are staying in bed (tienes fiebre).
Nobody works on X’mas Eve.
The party is already begun.
They planted that stuff in my desk = …sembraron…
Shark = tramposo (en un juego de naipes)
You got a rug? Tienes un trapo? Para lustrar zapatos.
Did you hear what I said.
The sun is come out, Howard look! = Ha salido el sol.
Madge you are out of your senses (Madge familiar form of Margaret)
Do something bright = inteligente
Let her learn, that’s for herself
How did the creep do it? = Has algo chupamedias, arrastrado, asqueroso (basura,
así lo tradujeron en el subtitles).
Migraine = jaqueca, 2 pronunciations.

I do not want to put anybody through this experience.
Hypochondriac .
My advice to you is.
Why don’t you retire? Sir Por que no va a su dormitorio Señor (Br English).
Something is come up, and we need to talk. Otra forma de participio
Happy birthday dear Max
Happy birthday to you!
Come on make a wish.
He’s new in the building.
Water (Cooler = botella de agua mineral) (Ej. En una oficina)
Here is to us! May we always be together.
Convenido =
Why aren’t I happy?
Due diligence (evaluación) parte de un proceso (Gestión 27.09.12).
A frustrated baritone/tenor/bass/soprano.
He drinks until he passes out.
It was a serious setback = retroceso (cuando no lo reeligieron a Truman)
You are not answering my question
Errata = Fe de Errata en español
Gold rush = Fiebre del oro
Strip center
Tit for tat = give as much as you get,ex. You betray me I betray you. Or ex. It is tat
for tat because I didn’t say helo to her in the party.
Pescador de talentos.
Ginga (Pele)
13
Atta boy, puede escribirse junto o separado = That’s the boy Bien hecho, bravo Ex.
That’s the way to hit a homerun. For girls Atta girl!
A gotta boy = Un gran chico (nombre de una pelicula).
Sanitary pad= Toallas higienicas Pad= almuadilla
Benchmark = Punto de referencia
Mentor = mentor, glia, consejero Ex. That hotel is a benchmarker in comfort
Mobbing = acoso laboral.
Harassment = Acoso Ej. Sexual harassment.
Petroleum jelly= Vaselina
Vocabulary taken from Latin

Quid pro quo (= Ud. Me dice algo y yo le digo algo)
Ej._questions
Ej.In a --- the union accepted the new salary in exchange for an extraordinary good
bonus
I’m persona non-grata
I am not a spy, far from it.
Isn’t she magnificient.
Where is your (old lady=esposa)?
Palabras abreviadas
Pro team = professional team (liga mayor)
Youth team
The app is a free application.
Names:
Pitagoras /paitagoras/
Hónoluly
Rachel Welsh /ei/
Palmíra /ai/
Rules:
We say something to somebody.
We tell somebody something.
VS
Sit close to me.
Come sit near me (or come sit close to me) (in the vicinity of, proximity), pero
near es una cercania física.
Come sit next to (at the side of) me / Come sit beside me
Close to implies a more intimate position than near. Get closer…es una cercania
preferentemente emocional. A close friend, a close family,
Near usually refers to buildings or location. The institute is near the…
In the sense of not far they are interchangeable. Ex.My house is very near/close.
Which town is nearer/closer?
I live next to my work
I live close to/near my work
14
Job= puesto empleo I am looking for a Work=Tareas I have a lot of work

job (contable) (incontable)
Dear journal (UK) Dear diary (US).
Some people say journal (for boys) and dear diary for girls?
Journey is more general. others say diary only for what

happened in one day
Military draft. Military draft.
Career Profession is a paid occupation

He has a career as a doctor. He is a pianist by profession.
My career as teacher… I have dedicate to my profession of
teaching.
Comes from the Latin (carrus). Comes from the Latin (profit).
En la web boxes dice “Careers”
www.careerplanner.com
15
You tube: Vowel phonetic chart

James Randi (Mago)
Death is not final Intelligence debates Intelligence Square
After death
Dr. Pim Van Lommel the cardiologist on the near death experience
Where do we go after death?
Kagan vs Craig Is God necessary for morality
Redu Shaper
The Andy Griffith show.
Dean Ornish (dietas)
Esselstyn (also dietas).
The nature of persons – Dualism vs physicalism 10.10.16
Famous cardiac surgeon’s stories near death Dr. Lloyd Rudy.
Experiences in surgery.
asco
You disgust me = Me das asco. 19.09.98 Cable
Gross!
I’m sick (siento nauseas).
A).What the fuck is that? B).disgusting (sacar la lengua).
You make me sick. Me das asco. Ej. Hacienda algo sucio.
It’s disgusting = Es repugnante
Difficult words pronunciation lesson.

Three tips for sounding. Adam Si es un enunciate si pronuncias todas las silalbas
Ej. En interesting tiene 4 si lo enuncias pero nadie lo hace. Solo se pronunica con
3 silabas in tre sting
Igualmente every solo se pronuncia con dos silabaa e vri
Regla: con sonidos consonants que se juntan en dos palabra contiguas Ej. Black
coffee se pronuncia /bla kofi/
Not at all becomes No tat all.
En comfortable la r no suena. Sera
16
Lo mismo para what do you do, se pronuncia /wa da/ you do

05.08.1999
I am just an underpaid school teacher.
I’ve got some unfinished business = tengo algo por resolver
Lord knows I tried.
OK good enough for me.
We want to say happy anniversary to Mr. & Mrs
You would only be stealing from yourself.
You broke your Chinese base.
I feel absolutely desperate (wrong si le agregas la ‘d’: absolutedly)

However Repeatedly con ‘d’ si es correcto (Why?)
Allegedly.
Palabra que termínan en -----o.

e.g. Jerko – dumbo –wicko
Hey! Kiddo = Oye chiquillo (implies affection, ej algo que le dices a tu hijo)
I’m not jerko = …idiota
Fucking wirdo!
Greetings/Introductions
Pleasure indeed!
And now the time has come to say goodbye and God bless you.
Jokes
“Actually I plan to live to at least a hundred,
However if it doesn’t work out that way,
I just want to say now
That I do not want a big funeral, flowers of anything like that,
Just like a few close friends to get together
And try to bring me back to life”.
That is a joke of bad taste.
I am not in the mood for jokes.
Is this a joke or something?
To play jokes on a friend.
After coughing as a joke: “I’m much better now!”
Is this some kind of a joke?
A sick joke = Una broma pesada. (A practical/prank joke = implies fun).
A bad joke = Un chiste malo.
Dirty joke = Chiste colorado (Br).Man to wife: How many guys have yuo slept
with?
Wife replies: Honestly I have only ever slept with you.Realy says the husband. Teah says the
wife, the rest managed to keep me awake!.
That was a bad joke.
That’s a bad joke = Es un mal chiste.
Broma de doble sentido = Double meaning joke.
He was making a joke.
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Palabras con una ‘s’ en medio viene del alemán

The same family language than English.
Ej.
The Swordsman = El Espadachín. (Swashbucler = Espadachin Ex. In Errol
Flynn’s movies).
The spokesman = El portavoz
Helmsman = Timonel (ojo suena la “l”, 3 silabas /hel mans men/.
Herd(s)man = Pastor, vaquero.
Kinsman = Relative,, pariente. (We are not of kin).
Marksman = Punteria. You are quite a marksman. …una gran punteria.
Statesman = Estadista.
Tradesman = Comerciante.
Oldsmobile.
Phonetics
Introduction to articulatory phonetics ver video 03.07.16 en Google Good!
Diptongos /ia/ e.g diagram
La a delante de la l suena como o ej. Vial /vol/ , always Vial = carne de ternera
Standard Encyclopedic Dictionary (vino con “One Twelve English Course”) – 1971
by FUNK & WAGNAILIS PUBLISHING Co. Inc.
Library of Congresss No. 66-26533
USA
ʌ = unstressed vowel
ɑ in above
e in sicken
i in clarity
o in melon
u en focus
Introduction to teaching pronunciation Workshop Adrian Underhill
http://ipa.typeit.org/
Spanish CASA /ka: s a/
Piano /..a/
3 tips sounding:
Choc o late
Veget a ble
Cath o llic
18
Los sonidos en color—no suenan
Palabras nomalmente mal pronunciadas:

Pro nun ciation. NO PRONUN /pronoun…)
Biscouit se pronuncia biskits
nt
Intellectual
Tendencies
A sadist (en 12 angry men) /e/

Biotics /ai/
Antibiotic /ai/
‘e’ at the end of the words does not sound, except

He
Recipe/i/
Prepositions
She’s downtown (no preposition)
She’s in her seat now

She’s in her class now
Write
I write examples on the blackboard
Do not write in your book
The teacher is at her desk now

Dr. Allen is at his office
The car is in the corner

My class is at the institute.
My classes are at the institute.
https://archive.org/details/Plan9FromOuterSpace_811
Sat.28.05.16
https://archive.org/details/3stooges
Speak for yourself = that is not my opinión
Here’s (to I who is) looking at you, kid (Casablanca) = I want to toast for me who is
looking at you.
Semimonthly instalments = quincenalmente

American Bar Association
19
In law, a class action, a class suit, or a representative action is a form of

lawsuit in which a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court and/or in
which a class[clarification needed] of defendants is being sued. Class actions are
commonly referred to as class action suits; however, this phrase is redundant as
the historical distinction between “actions” at law and “suits” in equity is no longer
recognized. This form of collective lawsuit originated in the United States and is still
predominantly a U.S. phenomenon. However, in several European countries with
civil law, as opposed to the Anglo-American common law system, changes have
been made in recent years that allow consumer organizations to bring claims on
behalf of large groups of consumers.
Inglés americano 101 con Daniel Manzano
19 exp Idio fabulosas:
Man, I’m tired I’m gonna hit the sack.
2.Sit tight = Ahorita regreso
3.Ring the bell
That name rings a bell (me recuerda algo).
4.All work no play
Como estas? REsp. siempre trabajando sin parar, no tiempo para distraerse
5.Bird’s eye view (resumen). Ej le estas enseñando una oficina a un empleado
nuevo. I’m just giving you a…
6.couch potato = No hace nada
7.I call shotgun = Yo voy adelante (con el que maneja el carro) I’m ridden(last
shotgun 8.Day dreaming. What are you daydreaming about? (Que estas
soñando despierto?) 9.Run an errand. I need to run a few errands (Ej. Paagar
la luz, ir a la tieneda, poner gasolina, etc).
Can you run an errand for me?
10.How much is that gonna run me ?
I hope this is not gonna run me too much.
Seety un hombre a su esposa.

Agosto 1999
Underpaid school teacher.
I’ve got some unfinished business = tengo algo que resolver
Lord know I tried.
OK good enough for me = suficiente para mí
We want to say happy anniversary to Mr. & Mrs…
I am not arguing now with you.
Hónolulu.
You are hypocondriac.
A terminal desease.
What am I going to do?
You have sometime life left.
You live it well.
Mórphine
/ou/
Clóroform
20
They were delirious.
Floppy disc = disco suave

Forwarder = agente embarcador
Wayport = Embarque entre puertos
Pozo a tierra = Grounding system; earthing system
Use wear
Use a condom I’ll wear a Hamlet
He has to wear a plaster cast for a
month
He wears an
artificial/orthopedic/prosthetic leg
He wears contact lenses
I wear an electronic footshackle.
I am going to wear whiskers.
Don’t wear your jewlery here.
I wear size ten. (shoes).
She wears brackets/braces
What brand of watch do you wear?
What costume are you planning to
wear.
He wore a patch over his right eye.

I’ll wear a hamlet (motociclista a Bill
Cosby).
You are wearing a plaster.
Con band-aid ej. She put/had a band-aid on her arm.

He walks on crutches because he broke his leg.
The pirate had a false/wooden leg.
08.02.15
This is CNN.
Discovered new clues
We don’t know what’s happening.
The world is in great tension.
I’m a person with common sense.
I will take an exception today.
He knows how to make America great again.
Thanks for having me.
21
What is your response?

Obama’s policy is a disaster.
It’s worth pointing out that.
That’s again any convention that I know of.
We need brave leaders.
Actions speak louder.
Elections will be held on.
You’re fired 30.09.16 vs you are hired!
Wait a minute are you telling me that.
What are you waiting for?
I don’t want to argue.
You look good (tu vestido).
I didn’t mean to scare you.
=/ symbol (the opposite)
I’ll get it = Yo abro.
Sit down and give me company.
That would be much better.
You are so educated (culto).
Where are you going? To museum.
You know these youngsters (estos jóvenes de hoy)
I want you to love me for who I am.
Early Modern English used both to have and to be as perfect auxiliaries. The
usage differs in that to have expressed emphasis in the process of the action that
was completed, whereas to be put the emphasis in the final state, after the action
is completed. Examples of the second can be found in older texts:
Madam, the Lady Valeria is come to visit you. (The Tragedy of Coriolanus,
Shakespeare)
Actualmente se diría: the Lady has come to visit you
He scored a hat trick = metió un gol de cabeza (Pizarro)

Van a ver reclamos en distintos puertos
Van a haber reclamos en distintos puertos
(ambos correctos, depende del context).
. PHONETIC DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH CONSONANTS.

COMPARATIVE STUDY. PRONUNCIATION ERRORS AND HOW TO AVOID
THEM.
The following table shows the system and general phonetic specifications of the
RP consonants:
Note: where consonants appear in pairs, the one on the left is voiceless (i.e.
typically without vibration of the vocal folds) and that on the right is voiced (i.e. with
vibration). This classification is proposed by Daniel Jones and A. C. Gimson in
their English Promouncing Dictionary.
22
Next we are going to define all the phonetic terms that we are using to classificate
and describe each consonant.
The action of the vocal folds or cords:
Voiced (lenis): a sound produced with vibration of the vocal folds.
Voiceless (fortis): a sound produced without vibration of the vocal
folds.
The action of the velum:
Oral sounds: produced when the velum is raised and the outlet through the nose
is shut off, so the air goes out through the mouth.
Nasal sounds: produced when the velum is lowered, allowing the air stream to
escape through the nose.
3) Manner of articulation: it makes reference to the type of closure or narrowing at
the point of articulation. We can distinguish the following:
Plosive: there is a complete closure at some point of the vocal track. After this, the
air is released explosively.
Affricate: there is a complete closure at some point of the vocal track, after this the
air is released slowly through a narrowing. The first stage is plosive and the second
stage is fricative.
Fricative: there is a close approximation of the articulators, and central passage of
the air-stream.
Nasal: there is a complete closure at some point in the mouth, but the soft palate
being lowered, the air escapes through the nose.
Lateral: a part closure is made at some point in the mouth, the air-stream being
allowed to escape on one or both sides of the contact.
Approximant or semi-vowel: a type of consonant rather difficult to describe. We
can say that it is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but
do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a “complete” consonant as a
plosive, nasal or fricative.
Place of articulation: at what point or points and between what organs the
closure or narrowing takes place when the air-stream passes through.
Bilabial: the lips are articulators.
Labiodental: the upper teeth are passive articulators; the lower lip is active
articulator.
Dental: the upper front teeth are passive articulators and the point or blade of the
tongue are active articulators.
Alveolar: the teeth ridge is passive articulator and the point or blade of the tongue
is active articulator.
Post-alveolar : the tip and rims of the tongue are active articulators and the back
part of the alveolar ridge is passive articulator.
Palato-alveolar: the junction of the teeth ridge and hard palate is passive
articulator, and the blade of the tongue is active.
Palatal: the hard palate is passive articulator and the front of the tongue is active.
Glottal: an obstruction or narrowing causing friction but not vibration of the vocal
folds.
Next we are going to describe each sound both in English and in Spanish.
 /p/: plosive, bilabial, voiceless, oral.
 /p/: plosive, bilabial, voiceless, oral.
23
Graphic equivalents:
p, pp ripe, copper /’raip/, /’kop /
gh hiccough /’ h k p/
Positions:
. Initial: pay, pet, pear. With stronger aspiration in initial position and in an accented
syllable. This is also to be applied to /t/ and /k/. Such an aspiration does not exist in
Spanish.
. Medial: open, April, apple. With weaker aspiration.
. Final: map, cop, stop.
So the pronunciation of this consonant is not very difficult for Spanish speakers. A
trick to know if we are pronouncing it well in English is to do so with a lit match or
lighter close to your lips. If you put it out the aspiration is right. A Spanish /p/ won’t
be able to put it out. The phoneme /p/ is easier to pronounce when it occurs in
initial and medial position, but in final position it is a bit more difficult because
Andalusians tend to leave out final phonemes, for example: solda(d)o, to(do),
na(da), la(s) casa(s). We are not used to utter that sound as the last one in a word,
because we have not got words such words ending in /p/.
 /b/: plosive, bilabial, voiced, oral.
 /b/: plosive, bilabial, voiced, oral.
b, bb boat, rubber /b ut/, /’r b /
Positions:
. Initial: bright, bird, bottle. Less voiced in initial position.
. Medial: subnormal, table, baby.
. Final: pub, club, Bob.
Easy pronunciation for Spanish speakers who must pronounce it stronger than in
Spanish, with the same sort of aspiration than initial /p/. The pronunciation of /b/
depends on the sound which surrounds it, as always happens in phonetics. For
example: pin, preach. Obviously the quality of the vowel in ‘pin´ makes the
phoneme /p/ different from that in ‘preach´, which is influenced by the /r/.
Special difficulty present those words with a mute <b>: climb, doubt, comb.
When a Spanish speaker decides ‘ir al pub´, that final /b/ is left out once again. The
same applies to ‘club´, words that our language has taken from English. There are
no Spanish words ending in -b, so it is difficult to get used to pronouncing it
properly.
 /t/: plosive, alveolar, voiceless, oral.
 /t/: plosive, dental, voiceless, oral.
t, tt top, butter /top/, /’b t /
th Anthony /’ nton /
• ed worked, watched /w :kt/, /wot t/
Positions:
. Initial: table, tobacco, together.
. Medial: cotton, letter, contact.
. Final: cat, bent, suit.
Easy sound for Spanish speakers, but we must be careful to make it alveolar
instead of dental. /t/, like /p/, is aspirated when followed by a stressed vowel : take,
24
tea. /t/ is less stressed when used in unstressed positions: letter, quantity, and after
/s/: stool, stand.
Especial difficulty presents the mute <t> in words such as: whistle, castle, fasten.
In some proper names it is spelt <th>: Thomas, Thames.
We have also to pay special attention to the pronunciation of the final -ed in the
past and past participle of regular verbs. If the verb ends with a voiceless sound,
that morpheme is pronounced /t/: walked, worked.
 /d/: plosive, alveolar, voiced, oral.
 /d/: plosive, dental, voiced, oral.
d, dd doubt, ladder /d ut/, /’l d /
• ed loved, earned /l vd/, / :nd/
Positions:
. Initial: dog, duty, dance. Less voiced in initial position.
. Medial: medium, middle, sadness.
. Final: sad, second, good.
What has already said about /b/ can also be applied to this sound.
It is not aspirated. /d/ has several allophones, the main one is a dental /d/,
pronounced when 0 or o follow, a /d/ with nasal plosion is used when followed by t,
d, t , or d .
Some difficulty is to be found when we have to pronounce the final -ed in verbs
ending with a voiced sound: live, love, earn. In this case -ed is pronounced /d/.
The fact that English /d/ is alveolar and not dental, as in Spanish. This implies a
slight difficulty when pronouncing the English sound. E.g. third, the tip of the
tongue pressing against the alveolar ridge, not against the upper teeth.
Let’s pay attention to mute <d>: Wednesday, sandwich.
 /k/: plosive, velar, voiceless, oral.
 /k/: plosive, velar, voiceless, oral.
c, cc coat, accord /k t/, / ‘k :d/
ck pack /p k/
cq acquit / ‘kw t/
qu quick /kw k/
ch choir /kw i /
k keep /ki:p/
x explosion / ks’pl n/
Positions:
. Initial: king, cat, cake.
. Medial: action, school, uncle.
. Final: talk, walk, pink.
English
This is not a difficult sound for Spanish speakers, we just have to be careful when
pronouncing the strong oclusion.
English /k/ has several allophones, depending on the sounds around it. /k/ before a
stressed vowel is aspirated as in: key, come. Unstressed /k/, for example ‘baker´,
is less aspirated and also when <k> is preceded by /s/: scare, school. Special
difficulty present those words with a mute <k>: know, muscle.
25
Some times /k/ involve more lip-rounding than others, for instance. /k/ before /w/ is
pronounced with rounded lips: queer /kw /, queen /kwi:n/.
 /g/: plosive, velar, voiced, oral.
 /g/: plosive, velar, voiced, oral.
g, gg girl, bigger /g :l/, /’b g /
gu guest, guard /gest/, /ga:d/
gh ghost /g st/
x exist / g’z st/
Positions:
. Initial: garage, go, game. Less voiced in initial position.
. Medial: target, cognate, trigger.
. Final: frog, dog, pig.
This sound shares the characteristic already said about /b/ and /d/ as far as
difficulty of pronunciation is concerned.
A nasal g is pronounced when followed by <n>: gnome.
Special attention has to be paid to mute <g>: sign, reign.
- /t /: affricate, palato-alveolar, voiceless, oral.
 /c/: affricate, linguo-palatal, voiceless, oral.
ch * church /t :t /
tch match /m t /
t picture /’ p kt /
ti question /’kwest n/
• This grapheme can also be pronounced as /k/, for example in character,
choir, chemistry.
Positions:
. Initial: chew, Chinese, chin.
. Medial: catching, watched, achievement.
. Final: March, which, match.
This particular sound is the one which is nearer to our Spanish /c/, although there
are three more sounds that are similar to this. That makes it very difficult for
Spanish speakers to distinguish them. These sounds are /d /, / / and / /. As they
make change the meaning of similar words, it is essential to pronounce them
properly, for example:
cheap /t i:p/ , sheep / i:p/, jeep /d i:p/
 /d /: affricate, palato-alveolar, voiceless, oral.
 No equivalent sound in Spanish. This makes difficult for Spanish speakers
to pronounce it accurately.
ge gentle /’d entl/
gi Gibraltar /d ‘br :lt /
gy gypsy /’ d ps /
gg exaggeration / gz d ‘ re n/
j jewel /d u: l/
dg bridge /br d /
dj adjacent / ‘d e s nt/
26
de grandeur /’gr nd /
di soldier /’s ld /
This is sound presents many difficulties to Spanish people, who tend to pronounce
it as Spanish /j/. Also the amount of possible graphic equivalents makes it more
difficult for us to identify them, although we can remember that it is the normal
sound of the English <j> and <g> before e, i and y: judge, jam, gin, gypsy.
At the end of a word or in the middle of it, it is most often spelt <dge>: bridge. It is
also spelt finally with <ge>: age, large. The ending <-age> is usually pronounced
/id /: village, marriage, sausage.
- / /: fricative, palato-alveolar, voiceless, oral.
 In Spanish there is not such a phoneme, but we can find an allophone of /c/
in Andalucia, for instance:
‘muchacho´ /mu a o/.
sh ash / /
s sure / u /
ss pressure /’ pre /
ch machine /m ‘ i:n/
sch schwepps / weps/
The following graphemes, if they go before an unstressed syllable or silabic
consonant:
ce ocean /’ n/
ci special /’spe l/
si Asia /’ e /
ti condition /k n’d n/
It is spelt <ch> in some words of French origin: moustache, machine.
<-ssion> is pronounced / n/ in: passion, mission, discussion., but <-sion> preceded
by a vowel is pronounced / n/: decision, television.
People from the north of Spain find it a bit more difficult to pronounce this fricative
sound, although it is not very difficult to imitate. This feature is considered vulgar in
Spanish, but it is very useful when learning English pronunciation.
- / /: fricative, palato-alveolar, voiced, oral.
• There is no such a sound in Spanish, and we tend to pronounce it as / /, that
is, without vibration of the vocal cords.
s leisure /’le /
si occasion / ‘kei n/
z seizure /’si: /
ge garage /’g ra: /
Positions:
This sound occurs medially and finally in English, but it never occurs at the
beginning of a word. It is found in some words borrowed from the French: rouge,
beige, garage.
 /f/: fricative, labio-dental, voiceless, oral.
 /f/: fricative, labio-dental, voiceless, oral.
f, ff leaf, offer /li:f/, /’of /
27
gh laugh /la:f/
ph Philip /’f l p/
Positions:
. Initial: five, face, forget.
. Medial: left, infinitive, afford.
. Final: off, chief, roof.
Being very similar to the Spanish sound, no problems are detected when learners
produce this English sound.
 /v/: fricative, labio-dental, voiced, oral.
 The grapheme <v> in Spanish is pronounced as /b/. So it is not a phoneme.
v live /l v/
f of /ov/, weak form / v/
ph nephew /’nevju:/
Positions:
. Initial: victory, very, van.
. Medial: even, clever, never.
. Final: brave, love, live.
Although this phoneme /v/ doesn’t exist in Spanish, it is easy to imitate. We can
remember that not long ago, elder people used to make the distinction between /v/
and /b/. But nowadays this contrast is considered old-fashioned.
 /O/: fricative, dental, voiceless, oral.
 /O/: fricative, inter-dental, voiceless, oral.
th north /n :O/
Positions:
. Initial: think, thunder, throw.
. Medial: Mathew, mathematics.
. Final: breathe, teeth, bath.
This sound is easily reproduced by Spanish speakers. The difficulty of it lies in the
fact that it can also by spelt / o /.
- /o/: fricative, dental, voiced, oral.
 There is no equivalent sound in Spanish, so there is a tendency to equal it
to the sound /O/.
th that, there, with /o t/, /oe /, /w o/
Positions:
. Initial: they, then, those.
. Medial: mother, brother, brother.
. Final: breathe, smooth, teethe.
There are no exact rules about when <th> is pronounced /O/ or /o/, but in general:
 <th> is /O/ at the beginning of a word (except for the pronouns: this, that,
and the adverbs: there, etc.
 <th> is /O/ at the end of a word: breath, mouth, south, etc. Exceptions
include: smooth /smu:o/, with /w o/.
 In the middle of non-Germanic words or in the middle of a word between a
consonant and a vowel: healthy, anthem.
28
In other cases /o/ is used, for example between vowels: rather, weather.
 /s/: fricative, alveolar, voiceless, oral.
 /s/: fricative, alveolar, voiceless, oral.
s, ss sit, pass /s t/, /pa:s/
c (+ e,i,y) peace, cinema, fancy /pi:s/, /’s n m /,
/’f ns /
x = (ks) box, taxi /boks/, /’t ks /
Positions:
. Initial: sad, smoke.
. Medial: crisis, thesis.
. final: gas, bus, shops.
There are several variant of /s/ and these depend on the region of the speaker and
partly on individual pronunciation.
At the beginning of words <s> is always pronounced /s/, but in the middle or at the
end of words it is often /z/, e.g. absolve / b’z lv/, please /pli:z/.
 /z/: fricative, alveolar, voiced, oral.
 This phoneme does not exist in Spanish as such phoneme, but just as an
allophone, that is, a different realisation of a phoneme, they can never make
a difference of meaning between one word and another.
z, zz zone, puzzle, zoo /z n/, /’p zl/, /zu:/
s trees, is /tri:z/, /i:z/
ss posses /p ‘zes/
Positions:
. Initial: zoo, zone.
. Medial: puzzle
. final: Cadiz
There exist very complicated rules regarding whether an <s> should be voiced or
not and there are frequent exceptions to these rules. Some useful points to note
are:
 /s/ is used in the endings -ess, -is, and -ous: waitress, crisis, jealous.
 -es is pronounced /i:z/ in:
classical names (e.g. Hades)
plurals of words which take -is in the singular: crisis/crises, thesis/theses.
 -s when it is a plural suffix of nouns of the third person singular of verbs is
pronounced /s/ when preceded by a voiceless consonant: cat/cats,
take/takes.
 The endings -sive, -sity, are usually pronounced /s/: expensive, university.
 Final -s preceded by a, i, o, u or y is pronounced /s/ except when mute ( as
in corps): gas, this, chaos, us, Gladys.
 /h/: fricative, glottal, voiceless, oral.
• The grapheme <h> in Spanish does not sound, it is mute, although in
southern parts there exists an allophone, with an aspiration, that makes it easier for
Andalusian people to imitate this English sound, but it is considered vulgar.
h hot /hot/
29
wh who /hu:/
But note: what /wot/, where, why, etc.
Positions:
. Initial: house, hat, hurt.
. Medial: enhance, inhibition.
<h> is silent in: heir /e /, hour / /, honour /’on / <h> is silent in unstressed syllables,
particularly when there are stressed words with h in the same sentence:
She had her hat in her hand / i: h d : ‘h t in : ‘h nd/
It is also silent in: vehicle, annihilate; also in names enfing in - ham: Tottenham,
Wickham.
In uneducated speech h is frequently omitted both from unstressed and stressed
words.
The quality of /h/ depends on the vowels next to it. There are as many varieties of
h as there are vowels.
 /m/: nasal, bilabial, voiced.
 /m/: nasal, bilabial, voiced.
m, mm more, summer /m :/, /’s m /
mn solemn, hymn /’sol m/, /’h m/
Position:
. Initial: man, mother, main.
. Medial: coming, female, Amen.
. Final: mum, rhythm, ham.
Note that m is silent in initial mn- : mnemonic.
Due to its similarity with the Spanish phoneme /m/, it does not present any difficulty
for Spanish speakers.
 /n/: nasal, alveolar, voiced.
 /n/: nasal, alveolar, voiced.
n, nn name, manner /ne m/, /’m n /
Positions:
. Initial: no, nice, nine.
. Medial: sunny, candle, can’t.
. final: fun, sun, one.
A final -n, following m is silent: autumn, solemn, hymn; also in damn, damned and
damning.
Once again, this sound is very easy to pronounce for Spanish speakers, because
our /n/ shares its characteristics.
 /n/: nasal, velar, voiced.
 Spanish do not have these sound as phoneme, although we can find a very
similar sound as allophone, for example in words such as: ángulo, ancla,
ángel.
ng sing /s n/
n (+ g , k) England, uncle /’ ngl nd/, /’ nkl/
Position:
. Medial: singer, Anglosaxon
30
. Final: all verbs in gerund, i.e: playing, eating.

dog, pig, slang, gang.
There are several varieties of n depending on the surrounding sounds. For
example, the prefix <con-> followed by a syllable beginning with /k/ or /g/ is usually
pronounced /n /: congregation, concord.
The prefixes <en->, <in->, <un-> are usually pronounced with /n/ even when /k/
follows: unkind, include, encourage.
As we have mentioned above, we have an allophone, but even so, it gives us
some problems when it occurs at the end of a word and specially after a vowel, for
example ‘dog´. It is easier to pronounce it in: singing.
 /l/: lateral, alveolar, voiced, oral.
 /l/: lateral, alveolar, voiced, oral.
l, ll light, call /l t/, /k :l/
Positions:
. Initial: lorry, lovely, laugh.
. Medial: yellow, below, belong.
. Final: fall, tall, full.
In Spanish we only have a single /l/ phoneme, but in English there are two kinds of
/l/:
‘Clear l´: before vowels and j (bottle, candle). Clear l is used in initial position
and medially before a vowel and j.
‘Dark l´: before all other consonants and finally if a pause follows (bell,
build).
‘Clear´ and ‘dark´ l are allophones of the l-phoneme. That is, they do not
distinguish meaning.
Written l is sometimes silent before certain consonants, especially: f, k, m, d. E.g.
calf, half, talk, walk, yolk, fork, palm, would, should, could, etc.
Spanish and English /l/ share the same articulatory description, but we have to pay
attention to the back position of the tongue when pronouncing the English sound,
very similar to the /l/ pronounced in Catalonia.
 /w/: semi-vowel, bilabial, voiced, oral.
 There is no /w/ sound in Spanish, so it causes problems to the learners of
English, who tend to pronounce it as a sort of /g/ in ‘gusano´.
w west /west/
u quite, language /kw t/, /’l ngw d /
o choir, one /kw /, /w n/
Positions:
. Initial: woman, warrior, water.
. Medial: reward, tower, Edward.
The sound of /w/ varies according to the vowel that follows it. Spanish speakers
find it particularly difficult to pronounce this sound when it is followed by the vowel
<o>: womb, woman, wool, wood... To try to utter it properly we can start by
producing a long u: , but immediately we should change to another vowel position.
On the other hand it is easier when it is followed by -h, for example the question
words: what, where, which.
31
Note: /w/ is silent in the cluster <sw> in some words: sword

/s :d/, answer /a:ns /.
 /j/: semi-vowel, palatal, voiced, oral.
 The closest sound in Spanish is that of the first part of diphthongs such as:
indio, radio. To pronounce it properly we should start by uttering a quick /i:/
and then, changing very fast to the position of the following sound.
y yes, year /jes/, /j /
i senior, opinion /’s nj /, / ‘p nj n/
u usual /’ju: u l/
eau beauty /’bju:t /
eu feud /’fju:d/
ew few /fju:/
hu huge /hju:d /
ui suit /sju:t/
The sound /j/ is frequently spelt <y> in initial position: yes, yield, you. In the middle
of a word it is most often written <i>: behaviour, companion; or <e>: simultaneous.
Sometimes /j/ is placed before /u:/. This occurs in words spelt with: <u, ue, ui, ew,
eu> (all of them represent long /u:/).
/j/ is inserted regularly after:
a) p pew, pewter
b) b beautiful, bureau
c) t tutor, Tuesday
d) d dual, duty
e) k cure, queue, curiosity
f) g argue
g) m music
h) n new
i) f few, fuel
j) v view, revue
k) h huge, human
Though for Spanish speakers it is not difficult to pronounce this sound, we tend to
pronounce it like the initial sounds of: llevar, llamar, yate, yugo.
 /r/: depending on the author it can be described as a semi-vowel, pots-
alveolar, voiced, oral sound or as a fricative, post-alveolar, voiced, oral
sound.
- /r/ or /r/: ‘vibrante simple‘ or ‘vibrante múltiple´, alveolar, voiced, oral.
r, rr red, carrot /red/, /’k r t/
wr write /r t/
rh rhyme /r m/
Positions:
. Initial: roses, round, really.
. Medial: sorry, worry, carry.
. Final: river, car, star.
English /r/ is easy to pronounce for Spanish speakers as we have got a smiliar
sound: the ‘vibrante simple´/r/, as in ‘cara´, ‘pero´.
32
We can call it a ‘one-tap r´ in English.

Note: -r in final position o before a consonant is not pronounced: far, fair, part, cart,
cord, four, etc.
Bibliography:
 ROACH, P. English Phonetics. A practical course. Cambridge University
Press, 1991.
 JONES, D. And GIMSON, A.C. English Pronouncing Dictionary.
Everyman’s Reference Library. Dent, 1979
 QUILIS, A and FERNÁNDEZ, J.A. Curso de fonética y fonología
españolas. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1990.
 LEWIS, M. (ed.) Specially for Spain. Supplementary material for Spanish
Students of English. Language Teaching Publications, 1983
 KENWORTHY, J. Teaching English Pronunciation. Longman Handbooks
for Language Teachers. 1987.
 WELLS, J.C. Pronunciation Dictionary. Longman, 1990.
 MOTT. B. A Course in Phonetics and Phonology for Spanish Learners
of English.
SOME PRACTICAL ADVICES TO SOLVE PRONUNCIATION PROBLEMS,
The main idea when speaking a foreign language is to be able to communicate,
and communication does not mean necessarily to pronounce as a native speaker
does, we cannot be like them. We are not English and the way we speak is actually
part of our identity. So the principal objective is intelligibility, that is, the ability to
be understood by a listener.
Next we are going to give some practical exercises for Spanish speakers of
English in order to avoid our typical mistakes, which can make communication very
difficult.
We cannot forget that we can work with sounds in isolation, then words, sentences
and finally connected speech. Let’s start at the beginning.
Pair work: we can spell our name to one of our class mates.
Classify the English alphabet, according to the vocalic sounds:
/i:/ /ei/ /ai/ /a:/ / u/ /e/ /ju:/
bairofq
chylu
djmw
ekn
gs
px
tz
v
We have already said that we cannot speak like native speakers, but we
can improve certain areas. Although we cannot count sounds (they are endless),
we know there are 44 phonemes. (See phonemic chart at the end). Which of these
are more or less difficult for Spanish speakers? Let’s talk about vowels, for
example:
EASY LESS EASY DIFFICULT
i: i e
33
u: o
u a: 3:
e
o:
Throwing a phoneme: this exercise consists of saying one of these difficult
phonemes, but without sound. Students have to guess it.
Articulatory setting: imitate an English speaker speaking Spanish to realize
the different position of the articulatory organs. This is called themouth
setting, the way we have to ‘putóur mouths, for example:
 Don’t open your mouths so much, English speakers seem to ‘swallow
words´ or ‘mumble´.
 Don’t open, spread or round your lips too much.
 The cheeks are loose.
 The jaws are close together.
 Relaxation is the key word, except for the tongue tip. So even inside the
mouth, muscular effort is minimal.
It is said that English faces lack animation. Is this true?
Phoneme exchange: to do this exercise we need cards with different sound
on them. Then we choose one card and practise the sound we have got. When we
think we pronounce it correctly, we pass our card to other student while saying it.
Sound race: this is a group activity. We have to write in two minutes as
many words as possible with the sound /3:/ for example:
Bird verb purse first church purple skirt burn pearl shirt girl
term learn turn ...
Mistakes are also part of the learning, and can make the activity even funnier.
7) Sound search: we can hear a conversation at normal speech (live or recorded)
and then
try to find, for instance, all the / / and /ai/ sounds.
Odd man out: we have to circle the word that does not belong to each line of
five
words. Four are similarly pronounced, the other one is the ‘odd man out´
a) washed watched wished walked waved
b) wanted painted founded missed hunted
c) pushed pulled filled begged lived
d) misses watches pulls washes judges
Grouping sounds: in this exercise we have to classify words according to
their vocalic sound, for example, the following words are given.
Work woke walk look luck shirt stone hope hop stuck port cough tough ought book
bird stop rock put word call phone sun pull
3: u o: u o
work woke walk luck look hop
shirt stone port stuck book stop
bird hope ought tough put rock
word phone call sun pull cough
10) Sounds hangman: this is a very well-known activity to learn vocabulary. It can
also be used to work with sounds. Write a word with at least 5 sounds. Try to
guess it in pairs. For example: o:lt ge .
34
11) Discrimination exercises: decide between 1 and 2 as you hear.

 2
slip sleep
hit heat work walk
shirt short
firm form
full fool
hut hot
run ran
vowels bowels
cheap jeep
The teacher says 1 or 2 and the students decide what they hear. Or each student
chooses and reads one word. Then the teacher decides.
Let’s pay attention to the last word ‘jeep´. The initial sound is pronounced as /dz/.
This is a common problem for Spanish speakers, particularly when we confuse it
with the sound of the letter y in initial position. So ‘yes´ is uttered as ‘jess ´, for
example. One possible solution is to think that the initial sound is an /i:/, paying
special attention to lip position (they are spread). We can begin by pronouncing /i:/
with spread lips and to hold this sound for a few seconds before adding /es/. Each
time we pronounce it we should shorten the lenght of the initial /i:/
Exercises with sentences containing alliteration are also a good practice,
especially with those sounds that are difficult for us, let’s say /w/:
 Which warm white Welsh woollie will we wear on Wednesday?
 Welsh whiskey was once widely wanted.
 Where and when will Wendy wear the white woolen waist-coat we want her
to wear?
The pronunciation of /w/ is very difficult for many of us, particularly in initial position
as in ‘would´ or ‘woman´. One solution here is to think of /w/ as a combination of
the two vowel sounds /u:/ and / /, and to try to pronounce each in turn, but quicker
each time until we get a sound very close to /w/, if not /w/ itself. Focus particularly
on the rounded lip position at the beginning of the sound.
Write two lists, one with English and other with Spanish sounds:
No no * Say one from any column. The rest of the group decide if
K que it is Spanish or English.
See sí
Train tren * Learners can decide by raising hands too.
Two tu
L el
Maria María
Call col
Van van
Dictation: to see the way words go together:
Elision 1 n fish and chip fish‘n‘chips
Elision 2 kn Can you help me? (vowel restriction)
Assimilation 3 gu Goodbye! /gubbai/
Assimilation 4 gug Goog grief! /guggrief/
Elis. Assim. 5 /dz/ Do you (know)... D’you
35
Assimilation 6 /di / This should... /di ud.../

Elision 7 / wi/ Shall I go?
Then we have to listen to these kind of expressions in real speech. Dictations of
complete sentences like these are also very useful. Try to exaggerate the links, for
example:
‘Put it in the newspaper´ putitin pu ti tin
The opposite of elision is addition, and a common error for Spanish learners
is to add and extra /e/ before ‘st´ or ‘spín initial position: stop, Spain become
‘estop´ and ‘espain´. One solution is to try to link the last sound of the previous
word to the initial /s/ of the consonant cluster. So, in the sentence ‘I live in Spain´,
we can say ‘ins´ followed by ‘pain´. At the beginning it will sound a bit strange, but
when we are able to pronounce it quicker it will sound more natural.
Another possible solution is to pronounce /s/ in isolation (hissing like a snake) and
then to add, for example, ‘pain´, ‘tudent´, etc.
In Spanish the phonemes /t/ and /d/ are dental and not alveolar, as they are
in RP English. So we pronounce them very softly. One solution is simply to pay
attention and focus on the place of articulation in English on a mouth diagram and
realize that the tongue touches the alveolar ridge, and they should not touch the
teeth. Try this with words like tent, try, red, etc.
Let’s explain another difficulty of the English sounds /d/ and /O/ for Spanish
speakers. Again the best method is to be aware of the way they are pronounced.
They should not be uttered by placing the tip of our tongue at the back of our teeth,
because in that case we will get a Spanish /d/, especially / /. If we put our finger up
to our mouth when we pronounce these two English sounds we should be able to
feel our tongue touch our finger.
Other sounds that present a special difficulty for Spanish speakers are the
plosives when they are at the beginning of a word. They are pronounced with a
strong aspiration that we have not got in Spanish. A trick to know is the aspiration
has been correctly made is to put a lit match in front of your mouth and pronounce
English words such as: pen, tin, came, boat, dental, etc. If we are able to put the
match out, our pronunciation will be right. Sometimes it is quite difficult for us to
distinguish between ‘bin´ and ‘pinín isolation. Within a context it is easier.
Just to finish with difficult sounds, we must talk about the final /g/ in words
such as ‘dog´, ‘frog´, etc. That final -g does not exist in Spanish, so we must
practise it by getting the back of our tongue to make the sound at the velar
position. Again a mouth diagram may help a lot.
What about rhythm? English speech is similar to music because both have a
beat. There are groups of syllables and in each group there are strong and weaker
ones. The words that have the strong beat are: nouns, verbs, adjectives and
adverbs. Prepositions, articles and pronouns have weak beat. A very useful
practice to improve our English rhythm is to listen to and sing English songs. In fact
there are some books that are written specially for this. We are talking about Jazz
Chants, Rhythms of American English for Students of English as a Second
Language, written by Carolyn Graham. As she explains: ‘The selection of a
particular beat in jazz may convey powerful and varied emotions, the rhythm,
stresses and intonation patterns of the spoken language are essential elements
for the expression of feelings and the intent of the speaker ´. The method
36
consists of repeating each line of the chant, establishing a clear, strong beat (by
counting, clapping, etc) So we can conclude that songs are a very effective way to
improve the rhythm of a foreign language.
Now we can talk about the difficulty that English stress presents for Spanish
speakers. In Spanish each syllable has more or less the same duration, that is why
it is a ‘syllabic language´. But in English, speech is characterized by stress, that is,
a syllable that is pronounced louder than others or with more length, at regular
periods of time. For example:
.
oooo
He wrote a letter Take John
He wrote a long letter Take it to John
He wrote a very long letter (very quickly)
(very quickly)
In connected speech (when we say sentences, not single words) many vowels
become reduced because complete words are unstressed. So it is a very good
piece of advice to practice short expressions or sentences like the following ones.
They can be dictated:
Look at us /’luk t ‘ s/
I ate bread and cheese /ai eit ‘bred’n ‘t i:z/
Rock’n roll
A good exercise to practice stress is to try to make the following sentences
meaningful by means of placing stress in the right place and also by using the
appropriate rhythm:
If you write ‘write´, ‘w-r-i-t-e,
You write ‘write´ right,
But if you write ‘write´ ‘r-i-g-h-t´,
You write ‘write´ wrong.
Video viewing is also a very useful way to practise stress and rhythm. We
must find a video extract in which someone is seen emphasizing the rhythm of their
speech with gestures, etc. (E.g. Basil, the main character of ‘Fawlty Towers´ or Jim
Carrey). Then we can play the extract without sound twice and try to imitate the
body language of the speaker. We can play the extract as many times as
necessary. Next, if it seems possible from the context, we can try to guess what
the speaker is saying. Finally we may play the extract with sound, and try to imitate
the body language again, but this time adding the speech. We can practise this all
the times we think are necessary.
To get the right stress we may learnt some accent rules:
- ‘ese: Chinese, Japonese
- ‘ ometer: thermometer, kilometer/tre
- ‘ ee: referee, employee
- able: it is always unstressed: changeable, eatable
- tion & - sion: the stress always comes before these syllables
Another good exercise is to contrast very similar sentences, the element that
changes
their meanings is stress, for example:
What is this thing called love?
37
What is this thing called, love?

Written texts are also very useful to improve our pronunciation. For instance,
we can choose a written text and then:
 find all the two-syllable words (arrived, very, people...)
 find all the words with this stress pattern o O
(about, before, because, alone...)
 find examples of this diphthong /ei/ (day, faith, May...
 find all the spellings in the text for the phoneme /3:/
 how many different vowel sounds can you find?
We can also find some rules for intonation (that is, the melody of speech).
There are two basic melodies: raising and falling (high and low)
 orders usually go down: Open the door!
 Wh- questions usually go down: What did you see?
 When we list a series of elements all of them have rising intonation except
for the last one: I ‘ve been to Germany , Spain , Italy , Greece and France.
 Exclamations have a raising intonation: Oh my God!
 Suggestions also go down: Let’s go to the cinema / Shall we go to the
museum? / Why don’t we go to the disco? / How about going to the theatre?
 Yes/No questions usually have a raising intonation: Is David there?
 Maybe, perhaps, yes, OK have raising intonation
 Questions tags.
1. You are not German, are you? Raising int. to show surprise.
2. You are not German, are you? Falling int. Waiting for a confirmation
Finally we propose a funny activity. Just imagine two married couples, the
first one has been married for 18 years, the second one for just two weeks. Would
they have the same conversation using identical intonation?
Wife: Mrs. Bowen died yesterday.
Husband’s answer: Did she?
The answer is obviously NO. In the first case the husband, to show that he is not
interest at all in what his wife is telling him, will use a falling intonation in his ‘Did
she?´ while in the second one the husband will show a logical interest in his wife’s
words by using a raising intonation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 Bowen, T. And Marks, J. The Pronunciation Book. Student-centred
activities for pronunciation work. Longman, 1992.
 Graham, C. Jazz Chants. Rhythms of American English for Students of
English as a Second Language. O.U.P. , 1978.
 Kenworthy, J. Teaching English Pronunciation. Longman, 1987.
 Roach, P. English Phonetics and Phonology. A practical course. C.U.P. ,
1991.
 Wells, J.C. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Longman, 1998.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj2n-RHEyLw
38
http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/conchudo
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-
65568.php
Despropósito = Dicho o hecho fuera de la razón (Disparate)

Automatic vs manual transmission
Does your car have an automatic or a manual transmission?
28.07.16
1) to do today? Wha/t/ do… t con la d se juntan suena como una /r/ cuando lo
dices rapido. Asimismo to do suena como churu.Guaru iu wanna ru churei.
2) I need to do a lot of things.
3) I’m no(t es un t muda) going to do i(t no se pronuncia explosive, ojo va al
final y le sigue una consonante, suena mas comu una d, o solo la primera
posicion) now. I’m not gonna do it now.
4 )Where do you wanna (infinitivo lleva el to) go?
5) I need to get out of here
6) It’s just I don’t wanna go!
7)I should’ve done what you said.
8)Mary could’ve told me that story
9)
10)It’s fantastic that you can join me
La ɪ es mas una e que una i en Español.
Headlights. Dimmed headlights (luces bajas). Full headlights (altas).

Holy card = Estampita
He’s got scurvy = escorbuto
Cuello uterino = Cervix
Grab your partner
She’s the famous Joanna
Your marriage is falling apart
Game over – Marriage over!
39
We are going to move to the sub(urb) Afueras de la ciudad/zona residencial. Ojo

es un false cognate con el español. En español tambine significa en las afueras de
la ciudad pero se refiere a barrios pobres, asentamientos or the like.
What can I do to make the world more beautiful?
You are in such a hurry to die.
He disappeared from the face of the earth.
I have an announcement to make. Mr. X died.
Sleep well!
I am living a quiet life (I am now retired)
She gave me an ultimatum.
Now beat it! I haven’t had a woman for 5 years.
How you doing man?
Tell me what you think. (Ofreciéndote por ej. un vino)
I think it is a set up. (una trampa) Charles Bronso
Mechón de canas = wisp of gray hair (poliosis)
Oh man! so good to see you.
Please don’t talk about me when I am gone.
What is the irony of a … Cual es el colmo de… ??? lo entenderán?
Highway = Autopista
You there, me here = Yo voy por aquí, tu por allá!
Apologize! (Emiliano, Marlon Brandon) = Accepted
SPA = Salus per aquam
Shame on you = Debera darte verguenza
She throw her downstairs.
He’s practically ruined our lives.
We’ll be back in a while.
Come on man! /ɛ/
What’s happening?
How did you know that I was here?
They lived happily everafter.
If you put your mind into it, you can accomplish anything.
The soldier stood at attention= se cuadró…
Don’t be such a square = No seas tan aburrido.
This is more serious than I thought.
I am a visitor from other planet
Why do you keep following me around?
Say the first thing that comes into your mind.
Don’t I know you from somewhere?
It is just a dream, a very intense dream (back to the future)
This is nuts = Esto es una locura
Air conditioned = Con aire acondicionado (en los cines)
The future is in your hands
It’s got to be a dream
Hello, anybody home?
Put it on = Pásamelo al teléfono.
40
He hang up = me colgó
Jump in (métete a la piscina)
Where is everybody?
What happened to my kiss? = Y el beso que me ibas a dar?
When you hate yourself is unbearable.
Placemat = Individual (para platos)
Coaster = Individual (para vasos), tambien significa montaña rusa.
Pandera’s box
Pamela /pám la/
Guilty is worse than fear
Who do you think you are dealing with? (7.12.16 Mon’s cable)
Who do you think you are talking to?
Do we understand each other?
We can watch it on TV.
Will you stop watching me?
Casual sex
I am not a monk
I am restless.
I am gonna buy a piece of land (un terreno)
Bief stew = carnicero
The jerk = El patán.(ignorante, ordinario, tosco, rudo).
08.05.1999 Sábado
Telecable Marzo 1999
Alladin’s Lamp.
Meatballs
Fatal Attraction
Black stallion = El Corcel Negro.
Avalanche.
The day Lincoln was shot.
The great scape.
Gunsmoke = La Ley Del Revolver
The hunchback.
The Addams Family.
Loves me, loves me not.
Problem child.
Over the hill = al otro lado de la colina
Catwalk = pasarela. The model walk along the catwalk to display her clothes.
Platoon = Pelotón
The vintage = la vendimia
The Three Musketeers.
The substitute (teacher). The shoes of the fisherman. (Anthony Quin)
Dom. 09.05.99 Revista Telecable.

That is edge glass = vidrio vicelado ej. En una casa.
There is a lot of flu all around = Todo el mundo está resfriado
41
See you round = Te veo por ahí

Clean criminal records = Antecedentes crimnales en limpio
Sin pegamento = coming unglue
The songwriter = El compositor
Count of Montecristo = El Conde de Montecristo
Telecable 10.05.1999
Like father like song.
Donante desconocido = Donor Unknown

Grumpy old man = Viejo renegón.
Elephant Man = Hombre elefante
Spartacus
The outsider = El forastero
The glass slipper = La zapatilla de cristal (La Cenicienta) her glass slipper came
off. El cuento de Disney usa esa palabra, versiones modernas dicen shoe?
Neverending story = El cuento sin fin.
The kipnapping of the president
The long hot summer = Un largo y ardiente veranos
The wizzard of Oz
Man against the mob = Un hombre contra la mafia/hampa
The mark of Zorro.
The Merry Widow = La viuda alegre
Little women = Mujercitas
Starting Over
Deadly sins = Pecados mortales
It happened one night
Too good to be true.
Wuthering Heights = Cumbres borrascosas
T between vowel sounds: nt
Continental
Atlanta
Atlantic
Pontiac /poniac/
Pentagon
Twenty
Sentence
Dentist
Plenty
Pronunciation:
What sort of things worry you (se juntan y + y = only one y).
42
Ciuda –“d”; gracias ahh(?); que importa = kinporta
You shoud treat me with a little respect.

Please don’t behave like an idiot.
Curve it (UN trozo de carne). The pregnant woman had a craving for sugar.
CINE
Coming soon = proximos estrenos
Showtimes = horarios
Now playing = en cartelera
All ages = apta para todos
Adults only
Buy ticket
22.12.16 http://my.vocabularysize.com/
28.12 17 Santo de Monseñor Raimundo Revoredo

Llamó Maria Carmen el Vie. 09.12.16 para invitarnos a la comidad del 27.12.16
(07.30 p.m)
Direccion: Parque José Acosta 243 dpto. 102
B.B.W = big beautiful woman
You stay close by, boy! = mantente/quédate cerca, muchacho.

Am I understood? Un military a sus soldados. Respuesta Yes, Sir.
¿Puedo sentarme aquí? Respuesta Help yourself! (si puedes).
Mundito’s tips:
Gregory Sadler (Canañes de filosofia).
The school of life.
Ikram antaki (09.01.17
Craig vs shelly logic
Fractales A la casa de la dimension oculta (Benoit Mandelbrot descubridor)

Congratulations on your wedding = Felicitaciones port tu boda.
She was flirting with you.
I have good intentions.

No prob. = No hay problema.
You are amazing = Estas fantástica. Bien vestida.

You can use my shoulder for pillow.
We have created an industry with no parallel in the world.
What a pleasant surprise.
I am out (me voy).
She had me on a pédestal.
43
You are back with Mary. (has regresado con Maria, con quien habias peleado).
I am a 5, you are a 10 (10 is excellent!).
Buckle up = Ajustate el cinturón.
It was fantastic meeting you.
You are guest, you don’t have to do this (lavar los platos).
Olla común (de los strikers). Soup kitchen.
Nothing is important, except us.
You are making a fool of yourself. = Estás hacienda el ridículo.
There are repercutions for doing that.
a. What do you do when…
b. You will see your own (lo vas a ver tu mismo)
You look great = Se te e muy bien.
What do you do for fun? En que te diviertes.
a.What do we drink to? Por que /A que brindamos
B Por la fiesta
You’re dismissed = Se puede retirar/ir (Army).

Roxy, you are a good-looking woman (…atractiva)
My lips are sealed!
Were you not here? = Weren’t you here?
Such long a time = such a long time.
He was unable to do the exam = He wasn’t able to do the exam.
He never speaks Spanish = He doesn’t ever speak Spanish.
Money isn’t everything.
Pista de acompañamiento/pista musical = backing track

Garnish & cold food = Decoration for food &…
Slanted eyes = ojos chinos/jalados

Jumpsuit = enterizo (vestido de mujer de una pieza).
John Lackland = Juan sin tierra.
You have to step aside = Tienes que dar un paso al costado.
Please do not put words in my mouth.
You can not gamble with American Lives (Trump).
Bone of contention = Manzana de la Discordia.
You deserted your family = Abandonáste a tu familia!
I would like to walk you on the aisle (En British English = along the aisle pregunta
de examen profesores Cambriage).
Make love to me and let’s forget everything.
a.Pleasure b.Pleasure is all mine.
He’s very sensitive = Muy delicado.
The Amish (la a suena como o) country.

I met women at the bar because I am friendly.
It’s amazing. Ej esta viendo la plaza/horizonte.
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Alderman = Consejero, regidor.

Get the fuck out! Insulto. (= Get out! Forma decente).
You didn’t eat anything.
I just want to talk to you for a second.
I am the other side of the coin.
You’re life is a mess = Tu vida es un desatre.
How’s your mom? She’s the best cook.
Goodby house, goodby old life.
I wasn’t prepared to deal with that.
I am a diabetic.
Vacancy = Cuartos disponibles.
Que se dice niñito? What do you say? Respueesta = Thanks.
I didn’t want to worry you about.
Will you please put that down, I am trying to sleep (bajar el sonido).
Una tarjeta al pasarla por el teller de in supermercado dice ej. DECLINE (sin
fondos).
I am gona get my stuff = Voy a sacar mis cosas.
Conociste a una chica y dice a un amigo comentando. There was a vib /vaib/
vibration.
Don’t be so hard with yourself.
You are smart dresser = Te vistes muy bien.
You’ve been a knotty boy Browny = Te has portado mal, has sido un muchacho
malcriado.
Roxy can read my mind.
I’m selling Chiclets on the road.
This is nuts = Esto es una locura.
I do everything around here (en la casa).
What are you doing, your’re trying to hurt your mother?.
Too much cold today.
I need some cash.
Great to see you.
Do you think that I nag you?
Did you sleep well?
Put something on = Vístete.
You two have been very knotty = uds doso se han portado muy mal.
She’s completely immature.
We got the last laugh = El que rie último rie mejor.
Somebody is going to snap you out (raptarte).
I didn’t mean to scare you = No queria asustarte
I will reap you in halves = a pedacitos.
She’s very feminine.
I am real, right?
I have found my soulmate.
A real woman = Una mujer de verdad.
Hey beautiful! Ola belleza!.
I am fooling you = los engañe!
Make a right! Voltear a la derecha! (orden de instructor de manejo).
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Salarly desired? (un box en una aplicacion de empleo) Funny answer = $3 million.
Hobbies=Smoking weed = Fumar hierba.
That is deep poetry.
She said: I will cut off his balls.
Wrong hole, you fool!
I am not like you Hatche! Adams (Dr.) USA
Do you feel dizzy?
Bye (guys) behave! Portense bien
I do not fit in your expectations
I am not cut out to be a dentist.
What you have done today is inexcusable
She was in a mental hospital.
Get a suit. Vístete!
If you have better ideas, put them forward
He got what he deserved
Let me get this straight! = Déjame ver si te he entendido!.
I heard the explositon and I saw the blast.
I am gonna go for a swim = Me voy a meter al mar (estando en la playa).
a.Let’s have drink. b.Now you are talking.
Your secret is safe with me.
You need a (shrink=psiquiatra).
You have an opportunity, this is a re-birth.
Send her in = Hazla pasar a mi oficina.
a.Where are we dating? B.You know the neighbor.
Pay attention, don’t get distracted.
Can you be cóndescending at least once?
Hoolingan = Miembro de una barras bravas
Paint (thinner=diluyente)
-We had in fact intended to discuss this matter with Mr…on his recent visit, but
unfortunately the opportunity did not present itself.
-car pound = depósito de carros.
-contamination would not have occurred had the bags of fishmeal not been torn.
-There would have been no contamination had the vessel not been unseaworthy
from the previous voy.
-Please inform if the trucks are subject to a check weight when passing the
customs border or leaving the Hamburg port area.
-Alternatively, you may wish.
-Please advise if you consider the above feasible.
-With the end of the year rapidly approaching, we have to give some thought to the
gifts for clients.
-The full translation will be sent to you when this is available.
A gift for grad (graduates).
Buy your meds medicines.
What did the vet say about your dog?
Special offers = Promociones
Hash (or pound sign) = Es el símbolo que en castellano llamamos Michi = #
Hashtag = Etiqueta.
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You did a real good job boy. Te luciste muchacho!

You need to get some sleep = Tienes que dormer un poco.
He’s making a big splash.
You didn’t use to mind what I say.
I think I have a shot ( …a chance).
-A friend is never known until needed.
-Cold hand, warm heart.
Make hay while the sun shines.
The best things in life are free.
A barking dog never bites.
Jerga
Ain’t it great?
You ain’t going! No vas a ningún lado!
A mother’s love changes never.

A teacher is better than two books.
Before you make a friend eat a peck of salt with him
All roads lead to Rome.
An old cat laps as much as a young kitten.
In for a penny, in for a pound.
Think first and then speak.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
The customer is always right.
Robbing Peter to pay Paul.
Don’t teach your grandmother to suck eggs.
A conscience is something that hurts when all your other parts feel so good.
They are not cooperative at all.
Empavezado = Enbandoramiento
Pay loader = Pala Mecanica
In recognition of the inconvenience, you have been caused.
All fast = berthed
Tug skipper Capitan
Estrobos = Cables de acero
To have an underwater inspection with divers.
You are my destiny as I am yours.
Here we go Browny = Aqui tienes Browny, come.
It’s gona take a while (Arreglar mi casa)
Had trouble getting a cab.
You have no idea = Ni te lo imagines.
Why are you looking at me like that.
I do not know how we get here (film en un matrimonio figurativamente.)
We broke up, = Nos separamos.
Could you please pull over = …parar el carro.
Great news!
I don’t mean to be forward, would you like to …
47
I caused you a lot of pain.

I will never hurt you again.
Have a good trip!
The good news is…
A severe problem = Un problema grave.
You are an adult = You are a big boy.
Can I spare the cab with you?
You are not getting this = No estás entendiendo esto.
Can you get us a couple of drinks?
Listen to me, and listen good.
A=What are you doing? B=Skeching (dibujando). A= This is my domain (la parte
de mi casa que es mía).
You do not have to take this literally.
Flesh & Bone = Hueso y pellejo.
It’s a good beginning.
She said: go for it! Don’t be silly. Mi chica me aconsejo que siguiera estudiando…
I promise I’ll make it up to you.
Thanks for driving me = grcs por traerme en tu carro.
It’s not what it looks like.
He’s a drunk.
That is a slap in the face.
He’s a slob of a man (descuidado, untidy), I can’t stand him.
We are not through yet.
Good to have you here tonight. (En una reunión)
That was a little scary (Ej subir a un avión con un piloto ebrio).
You are terrific = Estas fantastica.
Laughter is the best medicine.
Every picture tells a story.
Think much, speak little and write less.
Do not look a gift horse in the mouth.
First come, first serve.
If the cap fits, wear it!
All cats are gray in the dark.
A fool laughs when other laugh.
Better to give than to receive.
Big head, a little wit.
A black plum is as sweet as a white.
The day has eyes, the night has ears.
Advice to a fool goes in one ear out the other.
Talk is cheap = Hablar is fácil (i,e.. no crees que lo cumpla).
life is cheap = i.e. people’s lives have little value.
A good friend is better than silver and gold.
After a storm comes the calm.
Follow the river and you will find the sea.
Sensitive = Impressionable. Don’t be so sensitive (no seas tan sensible).
Sensible = Reasonable, sensato.
Bailee = Depositario.
48
Cargo short-shipped ex-M/V = Carga cubre falta ex-M/N.

After winter, spring will come.
Home is where the heart is.
A penny for your thoughts = I would like to know what you are thinking.
Never is a long time.
Strike while the iron is hot. = Take advantage of an opportunity e.g.If I were you, I’d
strike while the iron is hot.
One sallow does not make a summer.
Rome was not built in a day.
A true friend is forever a friend.
Never too old to learn.
Two heads are better than one.
Steps will be taken to ensure it does not happen again.
How are things going on with you, I hope the New Year finds you in good health.
Please let me know if there is a problem.
We are contacting you in our capacity of correspondents for…
Household appliances = muebles, sillas, lamparas, electrodomesticos…
We trust that this information will adequately serve your purposes.
We have given very careful consideration to this matter.
With reference to the above heading, we are enclosing a copy of…
We have nothing further to add to what we have already written on this subject,
except…
Don’t pass it over = No lo pases por alto.
I am in the prime of my life/…my youth/my beauty/my intelligence.
This pill will surpréss your appetite.
After looking myself in the mirror, I get very unhappy.
Opportunities like this don’t come along everyday.
I hate to admit it but I am a junk food addict.
We trust that the enclosed will assist you in finalizing this matter.
Please be advised that we have been in liaison with our principals… who have…
Please review your position.
The delay was inevitable.
We had a lousy weather over the holiday.
We can sort the matter out.
To the same effect, we have sent a letter to…as a back up.
I hated being mocked at school.
I recall the times of my youth when…
Anger makes me feel brave.
The people united will never be defeated.
She shrugged her shoulders.
You cannot lose what you never had.
I don’t want to be obstructive, but
We suggest that you withhold the letter for the time being.
The paper in my printer got stuck.
We are on the threshold of a new era. (Umbral, comienzo).
You don’t have to uneasy (incomodarte) about asking her such a big favor.
We appear to have been really remiss in not informing you…
49
Your troubles seem larger the longer you look at them.

Many hands make light work.
All good things come to those who await.
Forearmed is forearmed.
Ask no questions and hear no lies.
He who fights and runs away, lives to fight another day.
Silence is golden.
Curiosity killed the cat.
The last straw breaks the camel’s back.
Cheat never prosper (subjunctive ?)
This does not preclude (prevent, make impossible) the possibility.
The party is about/around…
We are suffering the consequences of overfishing.
This is all speculative..
Please circulate this report to the lines.
We will give maximum support to this delegation.
I expect to be there toward end June.
Vas a ser mamá?, I am so happy for you.
My (door) bell is broken.
No need to prolong this situation.
We camp here. Aquí acampamos.
Lucky shot = tiro de suerte (en ping-pong)
Try not worry so much …
I don’t fix there.
I was scrabbling (escarbando) in the sand searching for the ring
This cup is a bit (chippy= despostillada). Un jarrón de porcelana, etc.
How are you? Respuesta= Not good!
Doctors inserted a metal pin in his leg to hold the bones together.
Don’t make me beg.
This can’t really be happening
I am sorry to disturb you at this late hour.
They marched and used the goose step.
Of course turkey! What did you expect? It is Thanksgiving.
Elizabeth eyes were purple/violet.
Ojo los almond eyes son marrones como el color de la almendra.
My hopes & dreams have long since vanished.
You are gonna make a fine President.
We are just finishing the class.
Hánnibal pronounced Ja…
Could you speak up, please? Hablar mas alto por favor (lo pide alguien que es
medio sordo).
She’s got cancer.
This isn’t what it looks like.
a)Are you OK? Ej. Te caiste de la cama. B) Yeah. I, am good!
Catch me = Ej un chica arrojandose a los brazos de un chico desde una silla.
Can I talk to you for a second?
50
You got to be kidding me.

Relationships has its ups & downs (altibajos).
Al abrir la puerta, le dices One second = Ya voy, un momento.
Relax = Cálmate. Owl/ratón en tu casa.
Don’t get hysterical = No te pongas histrico.
Thanks for the drive/ride.
Look at you! = Mira como estás! / Como te has puesto. /luktyou/
Where have you been?
Nasal séptum is a cártilage that divides the nose.
I get it completely = Lo entiendo perfectamente.
Get a chair and sit down.
Reduction:
Cafeteria /Káf tiria/.
It’s in my blood.
I’m sorry I ruined your plans.
I live quite days & peaceful nights.
They booked me at the Police Station.
You are looking backwards; look forward. That is the only thing you can control.
Take another sip (sorbo) of it.
I can’t stand your fighting any longer.
As I was saying…
Turn that off… baja el volumen.
I am in charge of everything.
Could you give me some moments.
You are not doing this for me, you are doing this for you.
Follow my movements (en Tai Chi pore j.).
You did the right thing.
Here you are, here you go = the same aunque region. There you go menos usado.
This is amazing, how beautiful is this. Look at this place! (un paisaje).
I overact = Me alteré.
Blow your horn idiot = Toca tu bocina, idiota.
It’s just the two of us again. (sin hijos).
Down, down deep… he is a good man. En el fondo…
I am not a squealer. Squealer = Delatador, soplón. Snatch.
An informer = soplón sneak.
I barely remember it.
As long as you both shall live.
I just need to look at it objectively.
Tranquilizer (ojo se pronuncia solo 3 sílabas).
I wonder if you have somebody to walk you on the aisle.
Don’t get distracted in the airport.
What a dilémma.
I am not quite through with you yet.
51
You look fascinating/beautiful (con tu vestido).

You look terrific = …estupenda.
(I drink) to Dante & Roxy the perfect match.
I am standing up here today, before you…
You light up my life (D.Moore).
I just got this man, he was planting this stuff in my desk.
Where have you been? The party is already begun. (E. Murphy).
I think I am going to strech my legs.
Give me a bottle of your best Champaign.
You’ve been so kind to me.
I want to start my life all over again.
The blizzard (= nevada, tormenta de nieve).
I am an egocentric.
The famous ambling horses of Peru (caballos de paso).
You are making our lives miserable’re making such a fuss about nothing (also
over)
A fussy baby = difficult to please. (llorón, mimado, deicado, nervioso).
He was a fussy boy, but he (mellowed= se suavizó) with age/as he got older.
You are single because your are too fussy! (not easily satisfied).
A fussy curtain (too much decorated=recargada).
You’re making such a fuss(escandalo) of it.
I am not fussy = no soy quisquilloso (no me molesto por cosas irrelevantes).
Everything looks fuzzy (borroso= not clear) without my glasses.
A peach with almost no fuzz (=peluza).
He drew bad = Se volvió malo.
A mad man is loose in this theater.
She is not a prof (fesional).
For old time sake = Por los viejos tiempos.
I need a drink.
It won’t be long before another one comes (ej. a heart ache).
That music is uplifting = ej. Clásica, la que te eleva el espíritu.
I want you to come with me.
She is a calculating woman. (Calculadora).
I am in the (twightlight=ocaso) of my days.
Are you OK? No I am not OK.
This is not what it seems.
This is not the time, nor the place to do this.
What are you getting at? Que quieres decir?
This is all for the best.
I got to go. I hate to say good-bye.
Are you saying what I think you are saying?
You dye your hair.
Look in my eyes = Mírame a los ojos.
Let’s play the tic tac toe game.
Close and near

can be used as adjectives, and in many cases they are the same when talking
52
about physical distances.
The train station is close.

The train station is near.
They are not the same when talking about more abstract concepts, like
relationships.
My mother is close [she is 3 feet away].

My mother and I are very close [we have a strong family bond].
My mother is near [she is 3 feet away].
My mother and I are very near [we are 3 feet apart].
Only near can be used as a preposition without the word to.
*We are close the train station.

We are close to the train station [correct: close to is the proposition].
We are near the train station [correct: near is the preposition].
When you convert to adjective form, they are not interchangeable at all. In this
case, closely implies "at a small distance", while nearly implies "almost but not
quite"
*We are nearly following the news.

We are closely following the news.
*I closely hurt myself.

I nearly hurt myself.
* incorrect usage
You worry for no reason.

I am going to take a nap.
I do it because I mean it. (=Lo hago por mis principios).
You don’t know what you are missing.
Home at last.
You have a lot of dexteriry (destreza manual=manual skill) in playing the piano.
You are exhausting my patience.

Who the hell you thing you are taking to?
I have come at the (crossroad=encrucijada) in my life.
Are you at a crossroad in your life (donde tienes que tomar una decisión?) when
you have to make an important decisión.
Ally, ally, out's in free / All's out, in free. = Ampay te salvo en peruano. That is a
hide-and-seek game-ender. Tambien se puede escribir o decir: olly olly umphrey,
olly olly ee, outtie outtie let's be free, olly olly oxen tree.
-Te dan un trago, dices no pero te da ganas o te insisten, tu dices “Sencond
thoughts”.
53
Stand by = Esten alertas.

Open up (la puerta).
At least you can do that (=por lo menos podrias sacar al pero).
Did you call for a reason? Because I have to.
I feel I have accomplished something important.
This is catch up. We’re even = Esto salda la cuenta. No te debo nada.
We have a heavy day ahead.
We don’t know where the story will take us.
A.Where are you going? B) Stay close (no te vayas lejos) ok. Be careful.
You’re a bad influence (para el niño).
I hold on (me agarro a, lo tengo en la mano) to my Rosary.
Can we start over, any chance? You & me, no osecrets.
If I could rewind my life 30 years I would…
It’s being a great honour to work with you.
USD 2500 (a plate=por cubierto).
Don’t be so hard with yourself.

Honor to meet you.
All that you do is yell at each other.
Sometimes the thing you are searching for your whole life it’s right there by your
side all along.
All that you do is yell at each other.
The boy is happy, don’t be such a (killjoy! = aguafiestas).
I have a sty(e)…on the eye(lid). Don’t worry it will go away very quickly.
He has mi/ái/granes = Dolores de cabeza.
Morale is low = La moral (de los soldados/marineros… esté baja).
You think you are very clever, but you are not fooling me.
Request permission to come on board, Sir.
A).Do you have cigarettes? B).Which Brand?
Moises ask God the parting of the waters.
You thing you can buy me with this?
It doesn’t matter what I think, important is what you think.
Cease fire! = alto al fuego!
Is ther something I can help you with?
I’ll take my chances.
They took the bait= Mordieron el anzuelo.
Ask me anything you want.
I remember one morning getting up at twightlight. (=al amanecer)
Heavy duty = de alto rendimiento/resistencia…
Disfraz
Are you mocking me?
He’s mocked me, remember?
Mock pearls/
You’re making a mock of me.
Your disguise was so good that no one recognezed you.
(Br Eng=Mary "Hello Paula, are you going to the fancy dress party?"
54
Paula "Yes I am"

Mary "What costume are you planning to wear?"
Paula "Well, I thought the best fancy dress for me would be a catwoman
costume.
In North America, a fancy dress is a dress that is, well, fancy - beautiful,
elaborate, for example a ball gown or cocktail dress.
In Australia (and I believe the UK) fancy dress is a costume, e.g. a disguise or a
Halowe'en costume.
Trosky was killed with an pickaxs (pico). Otras noticias informaron: Ice axe.
He’s in the drug business.
Are you all right? B.Yeah, I am good.
All I want is a truce.
You used to call me (Auntie= Tiíta).
Am. Engl
Plantain (variedad de platano, o la otra acepción llantén la planta medicinal.
This is the 21st century for heaven sake!

These gloves are charming.
They are waiving at us.
When are you going to star acting responsable.
To be a princess you have to believe you are a princess.
Waype (en castellao se escribe guaype ó guaipe. La correcta escritura en el

idioma inglés es “Wiper”. Ojo la palabra waype en el diccionario inglés no existe.
En Perú las ferreterías, tiendas de pintura, etc lo publicitan en sus
avisos/letreros/etiquetas erróneamente como Waype. En castellano RAE última
edición reconoce guaipe o huaipe.
Say Yes = di que sí. A le pide a B que haga algo y le dice: Say yes!
TONTO ESTUPIDO IMBECIL

I was a complete jerk last night.
55
How do you know? Answer = Internet (dude=compadre)
He was the guy in the movie who ejaculated twice.

I have the feeling that somenthing really bad is going to happen.
We are going to make history today.
You know, I know.
She seduced me.
We’ve got two options, we stay here and keep drinking or we go home and get
bored.
He was touched in this private áreas.
a.About what happened today. B.I’m not telling anybody. A.Cool!
Their car is around the corner.
A sucker mother = Una mujer con bebes (da a lactar).
Memorial day en Mayo = Homenaje a los norteamericanos caidos en guerra
(último día de mayo); a diferencia del Veterans Day (11 Nov) que lucharon en
alguna guerra; pero que están vivos.
I’ve already made my move. Hice mi movimiento El Padrino.
Cowlick = Mechón de cabello que se para hacia arriba. ej. en Dennis the menace
My six sence tells me…
Graduation cap/gown (en la universidad)
I had a little cold.
Let me give you a refill (llenar tu copa con mi botella).
How’s work? ¿Que tal la oficina?
That is a hard pill to swallow.
He sounds like a bastard (maldito) to me.
I live in small world, and I like it in there.
It’s to good to be true.
The parlour = La sala
Funeral parlor (pero con sillas).
A sitting room is smaller that a living room and a lot cozier.
The honour will be all mine.
Get a room (Si vez a dos besándose).
I am going to be completely honest with you.
I admire you.
A.It’s been a pleasure Steve (haberte conocido). B.You too! (Independance day)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueD03Cuxge8&feature=c4-overview-
vl&list=PLC07860E6B2530B8E
Semimonthly instalments = quincenalmente

American Bar Association
56
In law, a class action, a class suit, or a representative action is a form of

lawsuit in which a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court and/or in
which a class[clarification needed] of defendants is being sued. Class actions are
commonly referred to as class action suits; however, this phrase is redundant as
the historical distinction between "actions" at law and "suits" in equity is no longer
recognized. This form of collective lawsuit originated in the United States and is still
predominantly a U.S. phenomenon. However, in several European countries with
civil law, as opposed to the Anglo-American common law system, changes have
been made in recent years that allow consumer organizations to bring claims on
behalf of large groups of consumers.
https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/glossary-of-terms/glossary-of-terms-legal
What does it make me a criminal or something?

God is my witness.
I know you better than you know yourself.
A.Are we clear? B.Crystal.

Transfuga (desertor) = Defector.
Can’t we have a civilized discussion about this?
Situation: 2 besandose: Get a room. You guys are scaring the neighbors.
Hound = sabueso/cazador hund (una variante, dialecto).
Wanna be artículate (locuaz).
a.I would likek to drink! b.Amen /eimén/
I can lose you.
Sword, no suena la w.
Money doesn’t matter.
It’s later than I think.
Zoe’s = woman’s name.
Pili, my doggy, she had a seizure (convulsion).
We should be ready for the worth.
Hi, come on, up. (Situacion: Un visitante a tu edificio, ej estas en el 10mo piso, lo
que le dices por el intercomunicador).
I am writing a book on it.
That’s an awesome view (a través de la ventana de tu edificio).
Did you take your pill? (Ej. Una esposa a su esposo, Morgan Freeman).
I am going to clean up (la casa).
How can I turn down that offer, a million dólar for my apartment!
What are the odds and the favours.
Party/wedding favors = regalitos, recuerdos, de --- ej. cotillones,mauillaje, cajitas,
dulces, botellas, toffees, huevos de pascua, etc
Establishment = orden social
I have blue blood = belong to the highest social class, aristocracy, noble family.
aa
57
Wonder woman becomes the biggest blockbuster (mas taquillera).
Lobby = Cabildear (cabildeo) gestionar la voluntad de un colectividad

Snail gel = baba de caracol
Mock mark up = votación simuladaT l
Novel foods = of a kind not previously known eg yacón (productos novedosos)
Roadshow = gira
paradigm = pattern.
Parents’ legal authority = patria potestad
BENCH MARKING = PATRON DE REFERENCIA

ANNATTO SEEDS = ACHIOTE
ANDEAN MOTE = MAIZ MOTE SERRANO
ANIS = ANIS
APRICOT = ALBARICOQUE
ARTICHOKE = ALCACHOFA
ASPARAGUS = ESPARRAGOS
ASPARAGUS WHOLE = ESPARRAGOS ENTEROS
ASPARAGUS TIPS = ESPARRAGOS PUNTAS
ASPARAGUS PRESERVED IN BRINE (…CONSERVADOS EN SALMUERA)
AVOCADO (PEAR) = PALTA
B
BABY FOOD = PAPILLAS PARA BEBE
BAKING POWDER = POLVO DE HORNEAR
BAMBOO SHOOT = PALMITOS
BANANA = PLATANO
BANANAS HALF RIPE = PLATANOS MEDIO MADUROS
BEANS = FREJOLES
KIDNEY BEANS = FREJOL DE CASTILLA
Frijol canario? =
BEETROOTS (RED) = BETERRAGAS
BELLACO = PLATANO
BLACKBERRIES = MORAS
BLUEBERRY = ARANDANO
BROCCOLI = BROCOLI
BRUSSELS SPROUTS = COL DE BRUSELAS
BUTTER BEANS = PALLARES (lima beans)
BRAZELIAN NUTS (ó chestnuts) = lo que conocemos en Peru como CASTAÑAS
BROADBEAN = HABAS
C
CABBAGE = COL/REPOLLO
WHITE CABBAGE = COL BLANCA
RED CABBAGE = COL MORADA
58
CACTUS FIGS = TUNA (source:Athos)

CACTUS FRUIT = TUNA
CAIHUA = CAIHUA (CICLANTERA PERATA)
CAKE FLOUR = HARINA BLANCA PREPARADA
CAMU CAMU = CAMU CAMU
CANARY PEAS = FRIJOL CANARIO
CANE MOLASSES = MELAZA DE CAÑA
CANARY PEAS = FREJOL CANARIO
CAPSICUMS (RED OR GREEN) PIMIENTO
CASSAVA = YUCA
CAULIFLOWER = COLIFLOR
CELERY = APIO
CHANCACA = CHANCACA ? = CRUSHED
CHANCAPIEDRA = PHILANTUM NINURY
CHERIMOYA = CHIRIMOYA (source: Athos)
CHERRIES = CEREZAS
CHEST NUTS = CASTAÑAS (Br)
CHICK PEAS = GARBANZOS
CHILLIES (HOT PEPPER) = AJI [or Chilli peppers, source Athos]; ROT CHILLY =
ROCOTO (or red hot pepper); yellow chilly = aji Amarillo.
CHINESE CABBAGE = COL CHINA
CHIVES = AJO
CLEMENTINE = CLEMENTINAS (HYBRIDS OF MANDARINE AND ORANGE
COCHIMEAL = COCHINILLA (UN INSECTO)
CORN (ON THE CAB) = CHOCLO (baby corn) / WHITE CORN = MAIZ BLANCO
(CHOCLO)
CORN (AN EAR OF CORN) Una mazorca de maíz.
CORN STARCH POWDER = HARINA DE MAIZ / STARCH CORN = ALMIDON
DE MAIZ
CORVINE = CORVINA
CRAB = CANGREJO
CRABMEAT = CENTOLLAS, CARNE DE CANGREJO
CRESS = BERRO
CUCUMBER = PEPINO DE ENSALADA
CUSTARD APPLE = CHIRIMOLLA
D
DATES = DATILES
DESSICATED FRUIT or DRIED FRUIT = FRUTA SECA
E
EGGPLANT (AUBERGINES, BRINJALS) = BERENJENAS
EGGFRUIT = LUCUMA
F
FISH = PESCADO
FISH FILLETS= PECADO EN FILETES
59
G
GARDEN PEAS = ARVERJAS (source:athos)
GHERKIN = PEPINILLO (SMALL , GREEN CUCUMBER FOR PICKLING)
GIANT SQUID = POTA (COMO EL PULPO) (pota = calamar gigante)
GINGER (ROOTS) = KION, JENGIBRE
GOOSEBERRIES = GROSELLAS
GRAPES = UVAS (variedad seedless=sin pepas)
RED GRAPES (SEEDLESS) = UVAS NEGRAS (SIN PEPAS)
WHITE GRAPES = UVAS BLANCAS
GRAPEFRUITS = TORONJAS
GUAVAS = GUAYABA ALSO, POMELO = TORONJAS
H
HABAS =
HAKE = MERLUZA
HIERBA LUISA = HIERBA LUISA
HORSE MACKEREL = JUREL, CABALLA
HOT PEPPER or ROCOTOS = ROCOTO (source: Athos)
HUACATAY = HUACATAY
J
JUNK FOOD = EX: CHIZITOS, PAPITAS, ETC I.E. THEY DO NOT NUTREN
JENGIBRE = Mas conocido en Perú como KION, se usa la raíz.
JELLY = JALEA ej. GRAPE JEELY = jalea de uva
K
KALE = COL
KIWI = KIWI (FRUTA)
KIWICHA = KIWICHA
KIDNEY BEANS = FREJOL DE CASTILLA
L
LEEKS = PUERRO (o PORO)
LEGUMES = LEGUMBRES
LEMON = LIMON
LEMON OIL = ACEITE DE LIMON (o esencia de limón)
Lemon oil = Esencia de limón.
LEMON PEEL = CASCARA DE LIMON (DESSICATED)

Distilled oil lime = Aceite esencial destiladob (perfume cosmetic
industry, flavour, pharmaceutical & food ind.) source: Athos
LEMON SUTIL (Variedad de limon producida en el Peru, es chico, amarillo y con

Alto contenido de vitamina “C”
LETTUCE = LECHUGA
60
ICEBERG LETTUCE = LECHUGA AMERICANA

LIME (fresh) = LIMON FRESCO
DRIED PEEL LIME= Cáscara deshidratada de limón.
LIMA FRUIT = LIMA ?
LIMA BEANS = PALLARES (?) = PALLARES
LIMPETS = LAPAS (COMO EL ABALON)
LOQUATS = NISPERO
LUCUMA = LUCUMA
M
MACA FLOUR = HARINA DE MACA
MAIZE = MAIZ
MANDARINES = MANDARINES
MANGOES = MANGOS
MANZANILLA = CAMOMILE
MARJORAM = OREGANO
MEDICINES = MEDICAMENTOS
MILK (EVAPORATED MILK = LECHE EVAPORADA) (SKIMMED MILK = LECHE
DESNATADA)
MILK FISH = TOYO
MOLLUSKS = MOLUSCOS
MONGO BEANS = FREJOLITO CHINO
MUSHROOMS = CHAMPILLONES/CALLAMPAS/HONGOS
SLICED MUSHROOMS=CHAMMPIÑONES EN TROZOS
WHOLE MUSHROOMS=CHAMPIÑONES ENTEROS
MUSSELS = MACHAS / CHOROS
MUESLI (CEREAL, AVENA CON PASAS Y NUECES).
N
NOVEL PRODUCTS = Productos naturales / orgánicos
O
OLIVES = ACEITUNAS
OLIVES IN BRINE = ACEITUNAS EN SALMUERA
OREGANO LEAVES = OREGANO
P
PALMITO = HEART OF PALM
PAPAYA (PAW PAW) = PAPAYA
PAPRICA = PIMENTON (SECOS, ENTEROS, O PULVERIZADOS = GROUND or
not GROUND, dried pepper)
PASSION FRUIT = GRANADILLAS, (MARACUYA ?)
PARSLEY = PEREJIL
PEACH = MELOCOTON
PEACHES HALF = DURAZNOS EN MITADES
PEACH NECTAR = NECTAR DE DURAZNO
PEANUTS = MANY TOSTADO
61
GREEN SPLIT PEAS = ARVERJAS VERDES PARTIDAS

PEARS = PERAS
PEAR HALVES = PERAS EN MITADES
PEAS = ARVERJAS
PECANS = PECANAS (SHELLED /UNSHELLED). In shell pecans = pecanas con
cascara.
PEELED MAIZ = (MAIZ DESGRANADO=MOTE); peeled grain without husk =
pelado sin cascara
PEPINO MELONS = pepino (source: Athos) (Aphis= Melon pear)
PICKLED = PEPINILLOS ENCURTIDOS
PIGION PEAS = FREJOL PALO
PINAPPLES = PIÑAS
PINAPPLES SLICED = PIÑA EN RODAJAS
PISCO WITH CREAM = ALGARROBINA
PISCO SOUR = REPRESENTATIVE PRODUCT OF PERU = PRODUCTO DE
BANDERA
POLENTA GRIT = POLENTA (ALSO, MOMINY FEED)
POMEGRANATES = GRANADAS (source Athos)
POTATOES = PATATAS
PULSES = SEEDS GROWING IN PODS E.G. PEAS BEANS AND LENTILS
PUMPKINS = ZAPALLOS
PURPLE MAIZ = MAIZ MORADO
Q
QUINCES = MEMBRILLO
QUINOA = QUINUA
R
RASBERRIES = FRAMBUESAS
ROE = HUEVERAS (HUEVOS DE PESCADO)
ROT CHILLY = ROCOTO
S
SARDINE = SARDINA
SCALLOP = CONCHA DE ABANICO (scallops a la parmensana)
SESAME SEED /oil (suntan) = AJONJOLI
SESSAME SEEDS = SEMILLAS DE SESAMO
SHRIMPS= LANGOSTINOS
SHORTENING = MANTECA VEGETAL
SNOW PEAS = ARVEJAS FRESCAS, localmente conocidas como arverjitas
chinas ó holantas.
SOUP = SOPA
DESHYDRATED SOUP = BOLSAS EN SOBRE
SPINACHS = ESPINACAS
SPRING ONION = CEBOLLA CHINA/CEBOLLITAS
SQUID = CALAMAR (gigante) = pota
STAR FRUIT = CARAMBOLA
62
STRING BEANS = VAINITA

SUGAR OF CANE = CAÑA DE AZUCAR
SUGAR SNAPS peas = arverja (o su nombre americano GUISANTE)
SWEET CORN = MAIZ DULCE
SWEET POTATOES (BONIATO) CAMOTE
T
TAMARIND = TAMARINDO
TAMARIND, DESHYDRATED = TAMARINDO DESIDRATADO
TANGARINES = NARANJAS DE TANGER
TARA = TARA
TENDERSTEM = COLIFLOR (source: athos)
TILO = TILO
TOMATO = TOMATE
WHOLE TOMATOS = TOMATE ENTEROS
TOMATOS HALF RIPE = TOMATE MEDIO MADUROS
TUNA FISH = ATUN
TURMERIC ROOTS = CURCUMA
TURCUMIC POWDER 0 Achiotte en polvo (Extracto).
U
UNCARIA TORMENTOSA = UÑA DE GATO
UÑA DE GATO = UÑA DE GATO IN TABLETS
V
VALERIANA ROOT = VALERIANA
VEGETABLES = HORTALIZAS (z.B:…espárragos, alcachofas, pimiento piquillo,
aceitunas, tomates, jalapeños, pimiento morrón, entre otros. Por su parte, las
importaciones se incrementaron en 7.4%, adquiriéndose básicamente conservas o
preparados de papas, tomates, setas y una diversificación pequeñas de otras
hortalizas…. ..source:e-mail de safeport del 4.2.08, Ref:080204 - Centrum …)
(Verdura= hortaliza de hojas verdes)
Legumbre = semilla en vainas. Legumes and beans = legumbres y cereales (see:
ALISUR wepsite)
VERBENA HERB = VERBENA
W
WATER MELON = SANDIA
WHITE FLOUR = HARINA BLANCA SIN PREPARAR
WHITE SQUASH = ZAPALLO
WINES = VINOS
RED WINE = VINO TINTO
WHITE WINE = VINO BLANCO
Y
YEAST = LEVADURA
Z
63
ZUCHINI = ZAPALLITO
AEROMATIC HERBS = HIERBAS AEROMATICAS

DIETARY PRODUCTS = PRODUCTOS DIETETICOS
FARM PRODUCTS = PRODUCTOS AGRICOLAS/AGROPECUARIOS
FOODSTUFF = PROCTOS ALIMENTICIOS
HYDROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS = (FISH)
LACTIC PRODUCTS, or DIARY PRODUCTS = PRODUCTOS LACTEOS
MARINE PRODUCTS = PRODUCOS HIDROBIOLOGICOS
MEDICINAL PLANTS = PLANTAS MEDICINALES
MEDICINAL HERBS = HIERBAS MEDICINALES
SEASONINGS = ADEREZOS
BREWRY'S YEAST = LEVADURA DE CERVEZA
Colantao = Snow Peas o arverja china
BIJOUTERIE = BISUTERIA (ALPACA, CUERO)

COCHINEAL = COCHINILLA
HANDCRAFTS = ARTESANIA EN GENERAL
EMBROIDERIES = BORDADOS
IMITATION JEWELRY = JOYAS DE FANTASY
JUMPERS (ALPACA HAIR) = CHOMPAS DE ALPACA
SILVERWORK = PLATERIA
STAMPED LABELS = ETIQUETAS ESTAMPADAS
TOFFEE
METAL FURNITURE = BRONCERIA DE METAL
DOORS SKINS = UNFINISHED WOOD PLANKS (Source M.Trader 22)
ACELGA ?
ACCHIOTE
CAVIAR
GUANABANA
QUINUA
PEJERREY
CULANTRO = CULANTER ?
SANGRE DE GRADO
Organic products
Aleta de pota congelada = frozen squid wing (csav tianjin822n)
Menestras= Dried beans
PURPLE CORN (Maix Morado)
PANCA CHILI (Aji Panca)
MOTE BLANCO (White Corn)
Chuno= Patato flour
CHUNO BLANCO (Dehydrated White Potato)
CHUNO NEGRO (Dehydrated Black Potato)
Linaza: Canadian flaxseed (source: ccni ari.620e sudu3795419)
64
camu camu es considerada un “sport drink” = bebida energética.

Platano de seda
Platano de la isla (orange)
Harina preparada= Pastry flour, cake flour
Harina de trigo= Wheat flour
SALSA DE AJI AMARILL (Yellow Hot Pepper Sauce)
SALSA DE AJI PANCA (Panca Pepper Sauce)
SALSA DE HUACATAY (Black Mint Sauce)
Linesman = Gaviero
Bose = Jefe de los gavieros (tiene un handy y esta conectado con el pilot y el
patrón del remolcador al des/atraque. Their conversations are recorded)
Spring = (cabo corto) se usa para amarrar/asegurar
Caboteso = Solo templado, ni jale, ni empuje
Teso = templado
Seno = Contrario a teso (que lo deje suelto)
A la cuadra = Enfilado para entrar al muelle
MASTER BILL OF LADING [MBL] = C/E MADRE (z.B. el que emite HS)
HOUSE BILL OF LADING [HBL] = C/E HIJO (el que emite zB un consolidador,
K&N, etc.)source: CCNI NINGBO 718e
= Conocimiento de embarque nieto
WAY PORT CARGA= CARGA ENTRE PTOS. INTERMEDIOS zB:Clx/Gyl,Cls/Vap.
Juicio de conocimiento=
IMPEACHEMENT = ACUSACION (JUICIO) CONSTITUCIONAL
BROW= Escala (se coloca con patos) (H.M.S)
Civilians=civiles
Liaison officer = Oficial de enlace
The counterfeiting of the new b/l is practically imposible
This bill is a counterfeit . A counterfeiter.
Canopy = lona, toldo. Cánvas
Straddler = sisu
SHIPPING & CONTAINER TERMS:
IN GAUGE is the opposite of Out of gauge
ZB Overdimentional Cargo is a synomyme for Out of Gauge Cargo (Quelle
Americas Svc Manual)
If one receives a msge saying 4x40’ot in gauge significara = …a la medida, o
standard (see o/d label )
don't let this opportuniy pass you by
Old wives tales= Creencias populares

DRAWBACK = Devolución (anticipada) de impuestos a los exportadores
Informe oral = oral pleadings
Sunat (our local IRS) = INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE

65
Throughput= Rendimiento (Viene de put sth through que significa Carry out =
Resultado)
Turnover = Facturación
Responsibility vs = Liability = only for contracts
Double coats (painting)
Coaching = Capacitación/entrenamiento gerencia/individual/en equipo.
Cashier’s check= Cheque de Gerencia
Outage = apagón
oog (=out of gauge) survey
i.c.o = in charge of
Wop = without prejudice
By the power invested in my by the ----of----
Principles of tort law = Principios de la Responsabilidad Civil
Compensate the damage = reparar el daño
Damage may be attributet to the person = El daño puede imputarse a la persona
Constituting fault = conducta culposa
Dangerous activity = actividad peligrosa
Recoverable damages = daño resarcible
Legally protected interest = Interés jurídicamente protegido
Intensional harm = lesion dolosa
Preventive expenses = Expenses incurredd to prevent threatened damage amount
to recoverable damage in so far as reasonbly incurred.
Causation = relacion de causalidad
Liability based on fault = Responsabilidad por culpa
Reversal of the burden of proving fault = Inversion de la carga de la prueba de la
culpa
Strictly liability = Responsabilidad objetiva
Defences = Causas de exoneración
under necessity = por estado de necesidad
force of nature (force majoure) = fuerza de la naturaleza
tortfeasor = el causante del daño
Damages = Indemnización
jerricans = bidones de plástico con asa
Carbón black = negro de humo

Circumstantial evidence = indicios
Outlet= cierra puertas (for sale…)
Stacker = Elevador (port cll enapu)
Supernumerary = a relative of a seaman admitted on board (a person in excess of
the ordinary number).
coersive collection = cobranza coactiva

Whereas “Vistos” in Spanish
66
Court clerk = especialista

HAVING REVIEWED THE COURT RECORDS: WHEREAS:ONE: autos y vistas y
atendiendo primero
Parents’ legal authority = patria potestad
Pecuniary damage = Daño patrimonial
Personal injury = Daño corporal
jerricans = bidones
Defensa Civil = Nacional Civil Protection
mobbing = acoso laboral
Bowed = hinchado/arqueado (= bilged out) the opposite is pushed in.
Throw a tantrum = darleunapataleta… He’s in one of his ---
MEDIDAS CAUTELARES = Protective measures
p.p.o. to the person in charge
Grua pórtico= quay crane
Barratry = Baratería náutica. Negligencia o fraude del capitán sobre la carga.
Astern = hacia atrás (poner en reverso un barco).
Single window= ventanilla unica
Here is to us! May we always be together.

Convenido =
Why aren’t I happy?
Due diligence (evaluación) parte de un proceso
Voluntary military service vs military draft
Way port cargo: cargo que se genera en Perú para Chile o Ecuador, Colombia.JM31.03.00
STARCH CORN = = Almidón
Cake flour = harina blanca preparada
Linaza: Canadian flaxseed (source: ccni ari.620e sudu3795419)
camu camu es considerada un “sport drink” = bebida energética.
MAIZ PARA TOSTAR (Corn for Toasting)
MAIZ CHULPE (Chulpe Corn)
Harina de maíz = corn starch powder
Maizena= Corn flour, corn meal.
ROCOTO EN SALMUERA (Red Hot Peppers in Brine)
AJI AMARILLO EN SALMUERA (Yellow Hot Pepper in Brine)
OLLUCO EN SALMUERA (Olluco in Brine)
Platano de seda
Platano de la isla (orange)
Harina preparada= Pastry flour, cake flour
Harina de trigo= Wheat flour
SALSA DE AJI AMARILL (Yellow Hot Pepper Sauce)
SALSA DE AJI PANCA (Panca Pepper Sauce)
SALSA DE HUACATAY (Black Mint Sauce)
White corn = choclo, maíz blanco
Chancaca = charshed
Starch corn = Almidón
Rodshow = gira
67
Absolutely = Claro que si!
Artistic ceramic miniature animals & nativity scenes.

Origine plant colorants. Colorantes vegetales.
Natural flavoring = Sabor natural.
http://www.multimedia-english.com/phonetics/english-vs-spanish
http://hispanoteca.eu/gram%C3%A1ticas/Gram%C3%A1tica%20espa%C3%B1ola
/Fon%C3%A9tica%20-%20Vocales.htm
It was an honor to work side by side with such an outstanding gentleman who has
done so much for …
The legacy of … will continue to guide us…
INTRODUCTIONS
- I REFER TO YOUR PREVIOUS FAX MESSAGES.
IN REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE WE ASSUME THAT...
- THANK YOU FOR COPYING US INTO YOUR COMMUNICATION DATED...
- WE WRITE FURTHER TO YOUR FAX DATED 08/05/97...AND KINDLY ASK
FOR
YOUR ADVICE AT YOUR EARLIEST CONVENIENCE
- AS PER YOUR REQUEST PLS FIND HEREWITH COPY OF THE
INTERNATIONA
TONNAGE CERTIFICATE FOR THE ABOVE MENTIONED VESSEL.
- THANK YOU FOR YOUR LETTER DATED 2 APRIL 1997
ENCLOSING__,__,AND..
- WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR FAX OF 12 MARCH 1996, THE CONTENT OF
SAME
HAS BEEN NOTED
- REFERENCE IS MADE TO OUR PREVIOUS FAXES DATED 14 JULY 1997
AND 3
SEPTEMBER 1997, OF WHICH WE HAVE NO RECORD OF RECEIVING YOUR
REPLY.
- WITH REGARD TO YOUR FAX DATED
- WE REFER TO YOUR FAX OF 22 MAY 1996
- WE REFER TO THE ABOVE CAPTION AND OUR FAX DATED...
- WE REFER TO YOUR FAX DATED 04/12/96.
- REFERRING TO UYOUF FAX DATED 10TH OCTOBER ADDRESSED TO
PSNC
LIMA, ATTN MR DANTE NAVARRO, REGRET TO INFORM THAT WE DO NOT
HAVE...
68
- WE ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF YOUR FAX 17 FEBRUARY 1997 AND

TRUST
YOU HAVE BY NOW RECEIVED OUR FAX ADDRESSED TO THE S..P&I ASS.
- WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR FAX DATED 5 SEPTEMBER 1997 ANDNOTE
THAT
- THANK YOU FOR YOUR FAX MESSAGE DATED 6/8/97 ATTACHING THAT
RECEIVED FROM O.S.A.
- THANKS YOUR EARLIER FAX ADVISING LAWYERS FEES.
- WE REFER TO PREVIOUS EXCHANGES, SHOULD OWNERS FAIL TO
RESPOND IN TIME TO YOUR SUGGESTION...
- IN REFERENCE TO -------´S RECENT MESSAGES. PROVIDING THEY
CONSIDER THE REPAIR COSTS TO BE REASONABLE
- IN REFERENCE TO YOUR FAX TO LA HANSEATICA S.A., CC OURSELVES,
DATED 29/5/97
- WITH REFERENCE TO WITTY´S FAX OF 21 JANUARY, PLEASE FIND
ENCLOSED...
- I REFER TO YOUR FAX MESSAGE DATED 3/2/97. PLS NOT P&I HAVE BEEN
ADVISED OF THE INCIDENT
- MANY THANKS FOR YOUR CONFIRMATION THAT ABOVE PACKAGES HAVE
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- AS OFFERED IN OUR FAX DATED THE 13TH INST., WE ENCLOSE
HEREWITH
,IN DUPLICATE, OUR REPORT ON THE INCIDENT (RG)
- HAVE TODAY RETURNED TO THE OFFICE AND READ YOUR FAX OF 7/5/97.
- ROF 30TH APRIL, IT WOULD APPEAR FROM OUR FILE THAT WE DID NOT
SEND YOU, AFTER ALL,THE TRANSLATION OF THE HARBOUR MASTER´S
VEREDICT. WE ENCLOSE IT HEREWITH WITH APOLOGIES FOR THE
OVER-
SIGHT. (RG)
- UNFORTUNATELY ALL PAGES OF YOUR FAX DATED 03/09/97 WERE NOT
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AND HEREBY CONFIRM...
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YOUR EASE OF REFERENCE) COULD WE PLEASE HAVE YOUR REPLY
SOONEST.
- FURTHER TO THE ABOVE MATTER, ATTACHED HEREWITH IS THE LATEST...
- THANK YOU FOR YOUR LETTER DATED 1 AUGUST 1997 RETURNING
THE...
- MANY THANKS FOR YOUR FAX DATED THE 19TH INST., TOGETHER WITH
ENCLOSURES. WE ARE PLEASED TO RETURN HEREWITH... (RG)
(RG) GENTLEMEN:
- GET A FULL RECOVERY OF THE LOSS SUFFERED
- HOPEFULLY THIS SITUATION WILL NOT ARISE
69
- PLS FIND A DRAFT ENCLOSED, IN THE SUM OF USD 714.89,

REPRESENTING
YOUR COST OUTLAY THUS FAR.
- RE. OUR TELECON TODAY, PLS FIND COPY OF LETTER SENT TO...
- WITH FURTHER REFERENCE TO YOUR FAX DATED THE 1ST AUGUST,
AND
OUR SUBSEQUENT EXCHANGES AND TELEPHONE CONVERSASTION, WE
ARE PLEASED TO CONFIRM THAT...
- THANK YOU FOR YOUR FAX OF YESTERDAY
- REFERENCE IS MADE TO YOUR FAX DATED 13 MAY 1996
- WE REFER TO PREVIOUS CORRESPONDENCE EXCHANGED, RESTING
WITH
YOUR FAX OF 1ST MAY 1996
- WE REFER TO OUR PREVIOUS FAX OF TODAY´S DATE.
- WITH REFERENCE OF YOUR FAX OF TODAY´S DATE, TOGETHER WITH
THE
DOCUMENTS MENTIONED THEREIN, ...
- WE CONFIRM RECEIPT OF YOUR LETTER DATED 5TH MARCH 1996
ENCLOSING CLAIM DOCUMENTS.
- WE CONFIRM RECEIPT OF YOUR FAX OF 19TH NOVEMBER 1995 AND
HAVE
NOTED THE CONTENT ACCORDINGLY
- THANK YOU FOR YOUR FAX AT THE REFERENCE(NORKFOLK)
- PLEASE FIND ATTACHED HEREWITH A COPY OF 0
- ATTACHED FOR YOUR ACTION AS NECESSARY IS A COPY OF THE...
IF THIS IS NOT WITHIN YOUR SCOPE PLS...
THERE WILL BE A NEED FOR ONE LARGE COACH TO OPERATE THE
DOCKSIDE TO MIRAFLORES SHUTTLE SERVICE THROUGHOUT EACH
DAY
AND A MEDIUM SIZE COACH TO MOVE SPORT TEAMS AND OTHERS. THE
TIMINGS FOR THE SHUTTLE ARE TO FOLLOW COACH
BODY
- WE SHOULD PUT FORWARD THE ARGUMENTS RAISED BY THE
STEVEDORES IN DEFENCE OF THE CLAIM
- I WOULD BE VERY GRATEFUL IF YOU COULD HELP US OUT BY
PRODUCING
THE FOLLOWING -------- INFORMATION THAT IS APPLICABLE TO YOUR
INDIVIDUAL AREAS:
ALSO WE WOULD APPRECIATE GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE
FOLLOWING
POINTS:
- PLS FORWARD COPIES OF ALL RELEVANT DOCUMENTATION ONCE THE
MATTER HAS BEEN CONCLUDED
- IN RESPECT OF YOUR COMMENTS I ATTACH A COPY OF MR X´S FAX TO
US
DATED 10/5/96 IN WHICH...
70
- PLS FIND A COPY FAX DATED 8 NOVEMBER 1996, FROM HSDG, HAMB
- WE REGRET TO INFORM YOU OF THE FOLLOWING OCCURRENCE
- STEPS WERE TAKEN TO RECTIFY THE SITUATION
- A FINE OF USD WILL BE IMPOSED ON THE VESSEL BY THE TERMINAL
FOR
INFRINGEMENT OF LOCAL REGULATIONS
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FROM...
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- WE UNDERSTAND FROM OUR MEMBERS THAT THERE IS SOME DISPUTE
BETWEEN YOURSELVES AND PSNC LIMA OVER THE ASSOCIATION´S
COVERAGE OF THE ABOVE MATTER
- THE OFFICER ON WATCH NOTED A CONTAINER HAD BEEN BROKE INTO
AND THE SEAL WAS MISSING
- WE HEREBY NOTE PROTEST AT THIS THEFT
- THE CONTAINER WAS BROKEN OPEN AGAIN AT GUAYAQUIL
- THIEVES ARE STEALING GOODS FROM CONTAINERS...
- VESSEL BERTHED PORTSIDE ALONGSIDE PIER A
- THE ABOVE INCIDENT IS A VERY POOR REFLECTION ON SECURITY AT
THIS
PORT
- BY COPY TO HSCL LIMA WE ASK THE SAME QUESTION IN RELATION TO...

- OUR OPERATIONS ARE JEOPARDIZED
- THE TOTAL COSTS OF REPAIRS AMOUNTS TO THE EQUIVALENT OF
APPROX
IMATELY USD 7.300.00
- THEY ARE PRESSING FOR PAYMENT
- WE HAVE BEEN UNSUCCESSFUL IN CONTACTING YOUR OFFICE IN
CALLAO
- WE ARE UPDATING OUR FILES AND PERFORMING A STUDY AT THE SAME
TIME OF ...
- SORRY FOR THE DELAY IN REPLYING TO YOUR FAX 29TH, WERE

NATIONAL
HOLIDAYS IN PERU (RG)
- APOLOGISE FOR NOT PASSING INFO. SOONER.
- ATTACHED IS A COPY OF OUR MESSAGE TO OUR OFFICE IN LIMA WHICH

I
FEEL CLARIFIES THE SITUATION
- WITHRESPECT TO THE TONNAGE CERTIFICATE PLS BE ADVISED THAT
WE
INADVERTENDLY SENT THE WRONG DOCUMENT...(AM.E)
- BELIEVE THE BEST COURSE OF ACTION IS FOR YOU TO INSTRUCT...
- HOPEFULLY THE REQUIREMENTS CAN THEN BE RESOLVED LAWYER TO
71
LAWYER THUS ELIMINATING ANY CONFUSION

- DR CHANGANAQUI, OUR STAFF LAWYER WHO HANDLED THAT PART OF
THE LEGAL ASPECT OF THE CASE, ISS OFF SICK AT THE MOMENT, AND
THE UNDERSIGNED WOULD NOT LIKE TO STEP IN, AT THIS STAGE, TO
TRY
TO ANSWER YOUR QUERY. AS SOON AS HE RETURNS WE WILL HAVE
HIM
ANSWER YOU
- HAVING CHECKED OUR FILE I NOTE THAT...
- RYF 1ST, REGRETTABLY WE CAN NOT AUTHORIZE YOU TO OFFSET THE
EXPENSES INCURRED TO DATE FROM THE FUNDSS YOU ARE
HOLDING...RG
- IF, AS YOU SAY, THE LIVERPOOL AND LONDON CLUB...
- PLS FIND ENCLOSED A COPY OF THESE RULES FOR YOUR GUIDANCE
- WE SHALL ARRANGE A TRANSFER OF THESE FUNDS
- TO AVOID ANY COMPLICATIONS IT IS ESSENTIAL THATSOMEBODY BE
PROVIDED WITH ADEQUATE FUNDS (SAY USD 5,000.00)
BEFORE THE DATE OF THE HEARING AND THAT THEY BE AVAILABLE-
PREFERABLY IN CASH-FOR THE 20TH.(RG)
- A HEARING HAS BEEN SET FOR THE 20TH MAY 1996, AT 14.00 HOURS, IN
CALLAO COURT (RG)
- WITH A LITTLE GOOD LUCK WE SHOULD BE ABLE
- IT SHOULD BE UNWISE TO APPEAL AGAINST THE COURTS DECISION
- AWARD WAS MADE IN FAVOUR OF THE DECEASED´S DEPENDENTS
- THE DEFENDANT SHOULD PRESENT HIMSELF AT THE COURT DRESSED
FORMALLY (RG) ´
- IF HE FAILS TO ATTEND THE COURT HEARING IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THE
SUSPENDED SENTENCE WILL BE REPLACED BY A CUSTODIAL OR
PRISION
SENTENCE
- HE IS TO APPEAR BEFORE THE 5TH PENAL COURT OF CALLAO TO
RECEIVE THE SENTENCING.
- HE WAS FOUND GUILTY OF MANSLAUGHTERBUT WILL NOT BE PUT IN
PRISON
- WE URGENTLY REQUEST YOUR ASSISTANCE IN CONFIRMING IF MR...
STILL EMPLOYED BY EUROSAL
- TO SERVE A SENTENCE = CUMPLIR UNA SENTENCIA
- THE FIRST STEP IS TO FREEZE ALL BANK ACCOUNTS (RG)
- CUSTOMS DO NOT RECOGNISE CLUB LETTERS OF UNDERTAKING.
A BANK GUARANTEE WOULD NOT STOP INTERESTS FROM CONTINUE
TO ACCRUE (RG)
- THEY CAN COLLECT IN KIND (OFFICE, EQUIPMENT, VEHICLES) (RG)
- THAT THE AMOUNT IS ABSOLUTELY SCANDALOUS IS UNQUESTIONABLE,
ABOVE ALL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THAT... (RG)
THEORETICALLY IT COULD BE APPEALED TO THE SUPREME COURT OF
PERU
JUDGEMENT WAS GIVEN BY THE CUSTOMS TRIBUNAL AND NO JUDGE
72
IS GOING TO OVERTHROW THE VEREDICT OF A SPECIALIST
- WE WOULD RECOMMEND THAT YOU DO REJECT CLAIM BASED ON THE

POINTS HIGHLIGHTED IN YOUR FAX.
- WOULD RECOMMEND THAT YOU TRY TO REPUDIATE THE CLAIM IN THE
FIRST INSTANCE BASED ON THE DOCUMENTATION TO HAND SHOWING...
SHOULD CLAIMANTS NOT ACCEPT SAME THEN RECOMMEND SETTLE-
MENT ON BEST TERMS
- WE ARE MAKING THE ROUTINE INQUIRIE
- PLS CONFIRM WHETHER YOU HAVE APPROACHED...
- ASSUMING DISCHARGE TALLIES CONFIRM NON-DELIVERY IT WOULD
SEEM APPROPIATE TO CONSIDER SETTLEMENT AT BEST TERMS
- WE HAVE REQUESTED LOADING TALLY FROM LPL AND SHALL FORWARD
SAME IMMEDIATELY UPON OUR RECEIPT
- THIS WOULD APPEAR TO BE A REASONABLE SOLUTION
- PLS GRANT CLAIMANTS UNDER ABOVE CAPTION A THREE MONTH TIME
EXTENSION BEYOND 15/6/97. THE EXTENSION SHOULD OF COURSE BE
GRANTED WITHOUT PREJUDICE AND WITHOUT ADMISSION OF LIABILITY
- PLS WORK WITH O.S.A. TO ENSURE OCEAN CARRIER´S POSITION IS
FULLY
PROTECTED AGAINST STEVEDORES
- CONTAINER HASBEEN INSPECTED FOR EVIDENCE OF WATER INGRESS,
BUT NO HOLES HAVE BEEN FOUND.
- UNFORTUNATELY WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED ANY REPLY FROM OSA YET
TO
OUR FAX DATED 21/4/97
- OBVIOUSLY THE FINAL FIGURE SHOULD BE SUBJECT TO LA
HANSEATICA´S
AGREEMENT
- WE AGREE WITH YOUR PROPOSAL TO LODGE A PROTEST IN CALLAO
- WE WOULD BE GRATEFUL IF YOU COULD PROVIDE AGENCY AND
CHANDLERY SUPPORT TO M/V DURING THIS VISIT
- BY COPY THIS FAX TO MR ---- WE REQUEST ...
WE SHOULD STUDY THE FACTS VERY CAREFULLY TO ESTABLISH
WHETHER...
- PLS CONTACT THE WRITER ACCORDINGLY
CLOSURES
- THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION TO THIS MATTER

- WE LOOK FORWARD TO (RECEIVING) YOUR ADVICE IN DUE COURSE
- KINDLY LET US HAVE YOUR URGENT COMMENTS ON ABOVE
- YOUR COMMENTS, IN DUE COURSE, WOULD BE APPRECIATED
- WOULD APPRECIATE THE COMMENTS, IF ANY,OF THE PARTIES READING
THIS EITHER DIRECT OF IN COPY
- ANY QUESTIONS, PLS CALL ME, AT HOME IF YOU LIKE (437-0822) (RG)
- WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE AND SHALL AWAIT FURTHER
73
DETAILS IN DUE COURSE

- WE SHALL BE GRATEFUL IF YOU WOULD CONFIRM SAFE RECEIPT OF
THIS
FAX BY RETURN.
- PLS CONFIRM IN WRITING THAT YOUR VSL WILL BE DOCKING IN PIER 5B
- WE LOOK FORWARD TO A LONG AND SUCCESSFUL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN BOTH OUR COMPANIES (AM.E)
- WE LOOK FORWARD TO CONTINUED BUSINESS WITH YOU PRESENTLY
AND IN THE FUTURE. (AM.E)
- LOOK FORWARD TO PRESENTLY MEETING YOU WHEN I VISIT
- WE TRUST YOU FIND THE ABOVE TO BE IN ORDER
- WE LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING FROM YOU
- FOR THE SAKE OF GOOD ORDER COULD YOU PLEASE ACKNOWLEDGE
SAFE RECEIPT
- WE LOOK FORWARD TO RECEIVING CONFIRMATION THAT...
- IT IS HOPED THIS DOCUMENT WILL BE ACCEPTED

YOUR FURTHER ADVICE IS AWAITED
- WE SHALL REVERT WHEN WE RECEIVE FURTHER INFORMATION
- SINCERELY, (RG)
- THANK YOU AND BEST REGARDS,
- MANY THANKS YOUR CONTINUED ASSISTANCE
- WE TRUST YOU WILL SAME IN ORDER ( A DRAFT = UN CHEQUE)
- TRUST POSITION CLARIFIED
- TRUST F.W.S. READING IN COPY ARE IN AGREEMENT
- WE TRUST THE ABOVE MEETS YOUR APPROVAL
- TRUST THIS MEETS YOUR REQUIREMENT
- WE WILL ASSIST IN EVERY WAY POSSIBLE AND ACCOMPANY HIM..
- WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION TO THIS MATTER AND LOOK
FORWARD TO RECEIVING (YOUR EARLIEST REPLY)
(YOUR REPLY IN DUE COURSE)
- WE SHALL INFORM YOU OF THIS WHEN KNOWN
- WILL REVERT WHEN FURTHER INFORMATION IS KNOWN
- UP TO OUR CLOSING TIME, WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO CONTACT...RG
- SORRY IF THIS SOUND LIKE HINDSIGHT ! RG (PERCEPTION OF AN EVENT
AFTER ITS OCCURRENCE).
- FOR OUR PART, WE REMAIN AT YOUR DISPOSAL FOR CLARIFYING ANY
FURTHER POINTS.
- PLS ADVISE IF YOU WILL REQUIRE FURHTER INFORMATION
- WE SHALL REVERT IN THE NEAR FUTURE WHEN OUR INVESTIGATIONS
74
ARE FINALISED
- GIVEN THAT THE CLAIM IS RELATIVELY SMALL IT IS HOPED THIS MATTER
CAN BE RESOLVED BY THE PARTIES WITHOUT ANY FURTHER EXPENSE
TO
THE SHIP ( NO LIABILITY ATTACHES TO THE VESSEL)
- HAPAG LLOYD AGENTS SHOULD BE REQUESTED TO DEAL WITH THIS
MATTER AS IT CONCERNS A HL B/L. HAPAG, SHOULD THEY BELIEVE IT
APPROPRIATE, WILL LOOK TO THE EUROSAL AGREEMENT TO BRING A
CLAIM AGAINST THE VESSEL PROVIDER
YOU MAY WISH TO CONSIDER THE PACKAGE LIMITATION ISSUE
- IN THE MEANTIME WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE AND SHALL
AWAIT YOUR FURTHER ADVICE ACCORDINGLY
- THANKING YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
- WREATH LAYING ADM GRAU MEMORIAL
- AS A MATTER OF INTEREST, WHAT IS THE COST IN UK?
- PLEASE LET OURSELVES KNOW THE OUTCOME OF THIS NEGATIATION
- HOPEFULLY MY COMMENTS ARE HELPFUL ALTHOUGH THE
CONCLUSIONS
AREA BASED ON ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ARRANGEMENTS NOW
EXISTING.
- LOOK FORWARD TO YOUR FURTHER ADVICE/VIEWS
- FYI AND GUIDANCE WE ATTACH HEREWIH A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OFTHE
VESSEL WHICH WILL NO DOUBT BE OF INTEREST TO YOU
- ALL OTHER DETAILS REMIN IN THE SAME.N.MATTHEWS MARINE
SUPERINTE
- AS WE NEED TIME TO PREPARE THE ------------- PRESENTATION WOULD
APPRECIATE A REPLY BY THURSDAY AT THE LATEST
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS PLS CONTACT EITHER MYSELF OR JUAN
PER
- WE TRUST THE ABOVE MEETS YOUR APPROVAL
- I hope it may be not too long before we see you here
MISCELLANEOUS
THIS REPORT IS WITHOUT PREJUDICE, WITH INFORMATION GLEANED
FROM INVOLVED PARTIES, & IS FOR THE BENEFIT OF WHOMSOEVER IT
MAY CONCERN.
IS NAMED AFTER TRIBUTARY OF A GOOD MAN…
PROBLEM OFTEN IS THAT IN OFFICES OF 30+ PEOPLE NOBODY KNOWS
WHO TO PASS IT ON TO
75
With more than xx Jahre in shipping ich consider myself an old timer in the
business, now this Mr.xx
As the container was received at warehouse with different seals than from origin,
we are assuming that the problem occurred prior too or during transit.
COMPUTER TEMINOLOGY
APPLICATION = PROGRAM
BUFFER = TEMPORARY STORAGE PLACE FOR INFORMATION

BROWSE = VIEW
CARD = TARJETA (TO INSTALL A CARD)

CLIPBOARD = TEMPORARY STORAGE AREA IN MEMORY TO TRANSFER
INFO.
CUSTOMIZE = ADAP
DRIVER = PROGRAM THAT ENABLES A SPECIFIC PIECE OF

SOFT/HARDWARE
EMBEDDED OBJECT = INFORMATION IN A DOCUMENT THAT WAS

CREATED
IN ANOTHER OBJECT
E.D.I = ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (IVAN,17.4.00) (SEE QM ISO’S

SUPPLIERS CHECK)
RAM = AN ACRONYM FOR RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (TEMPORARY

STORAGE AREA)
áCRONYM = Acrónimo, name formed from the initial letters of a name zB NASA
REL = ABB. FOR PICTURE ELEMENT (ALSO CALLED PIXEL)
IT IS THE SMALLEST GRAPHIC UNIT THAT CAN BE DISPLAYED ON
THE
SCREEN.
REBOOT (PRESS ON ANY KEY TO REBOOT)
SCROLL = MOVE
WRAP = TO CONTINUE TEXT ONTO THE NEXT LINE RATHER THAN

STOPPING
WHEN THE CURSOR REACHES THE END OF THE LINE.
MEDIDAS:
K= 1000
M= Millon
G= MILES DE MILLONES
76
Heavy duty = de larga duracion, cuando se refiere a pilas, etc.

Gaskets = Empaquetaduras
Vinyl flooring = pisos similares.
Bangles = Pulseras
Menestras y cereals = Vegetales y cereasles
Flagstones = Baldosas de laja.
Slabs = Azulejos
Ceramic flooring = pisos ceramicos
Roofing sheets = Calaminas
Copper bands = Flejes de cobre
Bijouterie = Bisuteria = Jewelry imitation
Bulky = un tipo de papel.
Offal = Mewnudencias
Porcelain China
Essences & colorants
Wire rods = alambron de acero
Footwear = Calzado
Ladieis brief
Women’s brief or brief for women
…cides
Fungi…Herbi…insect
Cloth for furniture covering = telas para tapizar muebles
Singlets = camisetas
Tank storage = tanke de almacenamiento
Flowerday = Paje en una boda (Ej. Una heranita).
Forfeit /fórfit/ = Multa

Forfait (Fr) = Tarifa lump sum
Right iin there
Nursing bottle = Biberón
Theething ring
Dummy = Chupon
How old are you? I’m 20 years of age
The baby suffers from winds
I’m offering my services free.
Good day sir.
Outlet = A shop that sells products made by a particular company
Retail = sale of goods (in small quiantities) to the general public (Not for resale).
Wholesale = sale of goods in large quantities, to other companies.
Stall = puesto en un mercado (very small shop)
Picking = ganancias.
Insulation tape = gutapercha
Paint plus brush cleaner = Aguarraz
Straddle carrier SISU.
Bedroom: 15.12.86
77
Bedside table = Mesa de noche

Dresse (Am) Tocador
Dressing table (Br) = Tocador
Chest o drawers = cómoda
Closet = Empotrado
Pago, pagó
Erdida, perdída
Régimen o regimen.
Parroquiano = cliente
Que hora es, que horas son?
Wardrobe = Empotrado
Go-cart = Andador para bebe
Crib = Cuna Samll bed con barandas.(front panel)
Play pen = corralito para bebe
Cra/éi/dle = small bed mounted on rockers. Grece is the cradle of civilization.
Br. Preambulator or Pram
Am. Baby carriage = carrito para bebe.
Dining Room:
Buffet = Aparador
Sideboard = Armario.
Hall(way) ambos el de arriba o el de abajo.
Brakets = Repisa
Kitchen:
Stove. Gas ring.
Kitchen table
Table cloth
Wisk = Batidora
Blender = licuadora = Mixer
Refuse bin = Basurero = or dust bin.
Ask can
Garbage box (USA)
Dusts pan = Recogedor
Waste basket
Rug
Carpet = Todo el piso.
Mat = Alfombra chica. Ej. En tu carro; o a la entrada en tu casa ej. Wipe your
shoes on the mat.
Oven = Horno de cocina.
Furnace or Kiln es el horno industrial.
78
There are some shanty towns around Lima. (slum area)

The electric train.
Wheel alignment
Wheel balancing
Tune up
Fetiche?
Excomnmunicated = Excomulgado
White goods = articulos de linea blanca.
Bulldozer = Empujador frontal
Payloader = Cargador frontal.
Broken stowage = espacio perdido.
Lowboy trailer = Plataforma de cama baja.
Flatbed trailer.
Chevalíer = Cavalíer
Actitud = dispposicion.
Aptitud = Capacidad
Cursi (= huachafo que es un peruanismo).
I feel great/terrific/wonderful,marvelous/tiptop.
Plug = Enchufe switch = interruptor/commutador - switch on/off render apagar el -
-- .Socket = soquete or outlet (br or Am) tomacorriente.
Telephone phrases (= a classroom game).
A jaw braker = The big black bug bled blue blood.
Tub = tina del baño, o lavatorio ej. De plastic grande colores.
(WC) bowl = inodoro, water tank, lavaaatory lid
Wall light = lampara de baño.
Batheroom cabinet = Botiquín.
Wash-basin = lavatorio empotrado (or sink).
Chamber pot = bacenica.
Basín = labatorio de plastico. /béisin/
Bidet /bidei/
Well = patio interior.
Hall recibidor.
Kitchen door = puerta trasera.
79
AIDE MEMOIRE = AYUDA MEMORIA

USB =
Unless their current condition prohibits…
Mould dmge = damage for hongos/humedad zB on leatherget 40% off (the price) =
i.e a discount of 40%
laid up (buques amarrados) lay up=detener operaciones de un buque.

Fondeado/amarrado.
I hope you have opened a top quality bottle of champagne to celebrate this long-
awaited moment!
Otherwise it looks like 'to make a mountain out of a molehill' as the first step with
the tape should be sufficient.
Hope all well your side
Abonado:
Unless their current physical condition prohibits
parties may be held liable (legally responsible) for these damages.

http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=114359
Independence is a two edge sword.

Are you going to the party? Absolutely not. (Claro que no, de ningluna manera).
http://hispanoteca.eu/gram%C3%A1ticas/Gram%C3%A1tica%20espa%C3%B1ola
/Fon%C3%A9tica%20-%20Vocales.htm
This is merely an illusion...
This explains why all three…
Requisition of supplies = pedido
bóllard = post on a quay to secure vsl's ropes
That company is on the verge of bankruptcy
Identification Tax Number = ruc
Unless their current physical condition prohibits.
My teacher is an American
“A miss is as good as a mile” ej.escarse a las Justas tiene el mismo efecto que
escaparse holgadamente. El efecto es que se escapó.
I am a man who has a hart that never hardens, and a temper that never tires, and
a touch that never hurts…
80
Delivery order=dox.q in eigene Landaer is given on receipt of the O.B.L to rcvrs

puedan
withdraw cgo.
Identified by National Identification Card number 25675112, with actual address at
This covers both natural and juridical persons.
Branding = construccion de marca (curso seminario de…)
Must be open from within outlook
The spillage is coming from under neath
ERRATUM = error
The legacy of … will continue to guide us… -------
Balance score card = cuadro de mando integral
d/b/a = Doing Business As
Defensa Civil = Nacional Civil Protection

jerricans = bidones de plástico
Bulk = bulto
As mentioned in my previous message, I think it is not a good idea to contact
claimants and "wake up sleeping dogs".
Football table
Fragile do not lay flat
Sello de botella = bolt seal (high security)
Persona Jurídica = moral
No obligation = sin compromise

Bit t= Bita o cornamusa
Dump(imp)= sell abroad at low prices goods which are unwanted in the internal
market.
P.o.E = Point/Person of Entry

Blouse with a plunge neckline (escote)
ASCII (ver www)

A merican
S tandard
C ode
I nformation
81
I nterchange
Outsourcing = contratación de servios externos

Subp(o)ena= Citación
We have customer on a paying plan = cronograma de pagos

I’m ashamed of me.
I know what I am doing.
The job is big, but the pay is small.
Que bonito hablas vs que bien hablas ¿?

El jorobado de Notre Dame = The hunchback of Notre Dame.
I didn’t know a shit about this.
You’re punishing yourself.
En el pone: Who would you like to talk to?
It came out of the blue = en forma inesperada.unexpected v.g One day, out of the
blue, she said she was leaving.
One step forward, two steps back.
I wanna make it up to you Ricky (the client) e.g for being so…
We don’t responde to threats.
I can handle this myself.
So peaceful here.
Love finds its way.
Nobody did anything about it.
Wait, wait, wait.
What do you want from me?
I am a normal guy.
The sacred heart of Jesus.
In the photo there is a lion marking its territory.
Don’t temp me (ej. con un dulce).
I had a bizarre evening ej. me dijeron el dia de mi muerte.
Hey, you two, why don’t you get a room already.
So, how is the score?? Quine va ganando?
Tinted Windows = Lunas polarizadas (de carro).
I’m a bit hoarse/husky. Un poco ronco.
He’s American vs He’s an American. Both ok.
The flag of Peru is a triband red and White with a coat of arms in the white band.
How much do you weight el usado. I weight 140 pounds (63 kgs)
82
What is your weight. No se usa

How heavy you are? = if offensive, almost like an insult.
What’s your height?. It’s 5 feet 8 inches tall.
I weigh 140 pounds, and I am 5 feet 8 inches tall. (6feet, 5inches es abt 2 mts). 1.5
mts is about 5 feet).
Muscle mass= Masa muscular; body mass= masa corporal.
Time vs speed = quick vs fast
Pls do it quickly, he drives too fast.
Glad to have you hear.
Good morning everyone.
You have to attend class (ojo no classes como en español) regularly to get a
passing grade.
Everyone (each one, every single individual) joined the party = todos
Everybody (the collective Group as a whole) must joint the party.
Potros dicen que everyone is more formal tan everybody, y otros que usas
everybody cuando hay familiaridad conoces al grupo y everyone cuando no.
También hay diferencia en escribirlo junto o separado.
Roxy come here, I wanna talk to you.
He can be manipulated.
A sneaky person = una persona manipuladora/furtive.
She manipupulates me.
His protegee has become Pope.

He is intránsigent. (refusing to agree).
I judge not. (No me gusta juzgar).
Galicismos:
1.Protege.
2.Fiance
3.Resume
Estas 3 palabras como vienen del francés (de otro idioma) la regla tradicional es
que deberían conservar sus acentos originales. Acento prosódico ej. lapicero. El
“ce” no lleva tilde. La silaba tónica (the stressed syllable) es la de la fuerza osea
“ce”
Surmenage
Camouflage
Mirage
Coquetish. (Br). = Flirty.
Sit down and relax.

No one has yet found the fountain of youth.
Her water broke = the amiotic sack containing the baby broke.
One grandstand might collapse during the parade.
He does as he pleases.
Accent mark = ´
83
Tilde = tílde in English el que está encima de la n = Ñ.
When I shower, I soap my body.

http://www.spanishdict.com/translate/enjabonarse
19.07.17
He is a cynic and he has always somethng to complain about.
I am cynical about politics (not believer). Cinico en este sentido es el que no cree,
o no confia en… = cínico = falso, mentiroso, egoista.el que piensa en si mismo.
Esceptico = this may sound cynical, but I’ve heard all this before.
What are you thinking about?
Shall I be worried?
How was your camping trip?
What are you going to do with your life?
She flirted with her boss.
En notificaciones desalojos, el notificador pregunta:
Are you Mr…; yes,
Clothes
It’s cute (tu vestido).
Clothes makes the man.
Cut offs = shorts made by cutting the legs off.
What brand of panties do you wear?
Printed T-shirts = Polos estampados.
Petticoat = Enagua
You’ve been served.

Why are you walking away?
I got to walk out my dog.
You don’t have to pause. (En el teclado de la computadora).
I’ll have the … (cuando pides la comida, estas en la cola).
Separated bills.
A)Do we have a screwdriver for this? B) No it’s a twister.
I didn’t touch your stupid watch.
I am having all behind. Start a new life.
I didn’t consent to be filmed.
Take the stairs.
I’m so glad you are home.
Hey, Roxy how was your day?
How was work?
I missed you so much.
A decent headstone (lapida).
Underscore = guion bajo.
Michi = pound sign or hashtag.
I am getting paunchy. (barrigón, panzón).
84
Do you know that potbellied man?

Straighten your hair = Lacearte el cabello.
It sucks = apesta, es horrible. For ex. It sucks not having a car.
Hen party=Bachelorette, stag party=Bachelor party
If someone strikes/slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also…
Give a smack. Slapped on the face.
I am very quiet, Roxy does all the talking.
It was the happiest time of my life.
I am not smart man, but I know what love is.
What are you running of?
Any thing you need, I won’t be faraway.
That’s my girl.
My life isn’t over.
There is nobody moving on the street.
Wanna dance?
Escuchando a un disco, una canción: They are good, eh?
She’s real, she’s the girl of my dreams.
You must get a shower first.
He’s a womanizer (don juan, mujeriego), first he tried to seduce a girl and then
another and another. A lady killer.
She’s given me her cold = Me contagio el refrío.
Culster
Best boy = /besboi/
First time = fistaim/
She will never come around =… dará su brazo a torcer.
“name xxx” are you deaf?
Any time you wanna toalk I am here.
Anytime you wanna talk, I’ll be here.
The plan carriers…
My distingueshed guests.
Keep your voice down.
You are a slob (desaliñado, descuidado como te vistes, con tu ropa, o tu eres un
cerdo).
Keep me informed.
I’ll bring some wieners = salsichas. (pene). I am the wiener.
We are not through yet (= todavia no hemos terminado (suena a venganza).
We’ve got some mannly things to do. (Bachelor party, Tom Hanks.
I think I’ve got what you are looking for.
So you never saw me OK?
I just wanna party. (festejar).
Roxy, I am a respectable man, what do you think?
My marriage sucks. …una porquería.
All the way down.
His ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.
85
Jerk = cretino Despedida de Soltero con Tom Hamks.

We were so young when we met.
Harrison Ford described himself as a schmuck. (…not intelligent).
Words for cars that are old or in bad condition. Synonyms

wreck noun = a building or car that is in a bad condition and needs a lot of
work
heap noun = informal a car that is in very bad condition
banger noun = british informal an old car in bad condition
jalópy noun = informal old-fashioned an old car that is in bad condition
boneshaker noun = britishinformal an old uncomfortable vehicle
clunker noun = american informal an old vehicle or machine that is in very bad
condition. Carcocha
Pain is such a rush. (…estimulante).
I am always available. (a bachelor).

I watch too much TV.
I have to go to the bath, please.
I was just the dumb kin.
I hope your brother gets better.
Cafeteria is open 24 hours.
If you say anything about this, I will kill you slow.
Mark: Get in the car, come on!
I can hangle this myself.
She’s chin down in the basement.
Mob never forgets = la mafia no perdona.
Our tráiler = Nuestro remolque.
Don’t you lie to me.
Sweet dreams.
Elvis Memorial = A la memoria de…
What’s the matter with him? = que tiene?
A woman lawyer = una abogada.
How much you got? De dinero?
You better listens to what he says.
I’ll endict you with contempt.
Mark, take the stand = Mark sube al banquillo.
That is my ruling.
I that the 4th amendment.
Call the med, quick.
My heart was about to explode.
OK little (punk = mocoso) , game is over!
He spent the whole night in (a freezer = congelador).
I am giving you the last chance to clear up this matter.
You are waking the neighbors.
My judgement prevails.
I don’t need your charity.
86
Empty your pockets.

…and that is when Roxy become my ex
What kind of place is this?
You have this cell a ll for yourself.
I’m going to meke this Little exception just this time.
I need stability (una pareja).
My father is speaking to you.
A middle-aged man.
Sorry disappointing you.
I have a confesión to make, I am a millionaire.
He’s a (dick = idiota).
OK I’ll meet you there.
It is uncouth (ordinario, patán) to talk about that at the table.
What was that? = Qué dijiste?
Don’t give me that = No me vengas con eso.
I couldn’t agree with you more.
This is like twightlight zone.
How is the score? En un partido.
What brings you to Lima.
Are you asking me out for dinner.
Electronic classroom touch screen blackboard
Interactive blackboard with projector
What can be more important?
I just don’t feel comfortable doing this.
Pull down/Roll down projector screen.
Flip chart = Rotafolio
A bunch of bananas is called a hand of bananas in spanish speaking countries
because in Arab a finger was named BANAN. A hand of bananas is not used in
English speaking countries. (es por peso en libras).
Highway vs (expressway es para vías mas rápidas, son mas grandes, tienen,
overpasses.
Cilantro = culantro
Flashcard = tarjeta de vocabulario.
Condo = Edificios de propiedad horizontal, residencial, apartamento, quinta…
Painter = puede ser el de brocha gorda o el artista.
Custodian = el conserje (pero limpiador siempre con una escoba).
Mouldy = mohoso (ej.una naranja podrida).
Salad =puede ser dulce (fruit salad), o salada spinach salad with eggs…
A lo que nosotros llamamos taper, en la foto dice container. Viene del ingles tupper
qu es un tradename. (container of plastic used to store food).
Quiet = the absence of noice. Calm = the absence of emotions.
That seems like streach = exageration
Second chance exam = Examen aplazados (al final, ya hay un promedio final,
diste los examenens, sustituye una nota).
87
Replacement sustitutorio = Replacement exam (Ej. no diste el parcial)

Make up test / exam. = Sustitutorio. A make-up exam or class = is a class or exam
that you do again if you miss the original class or exam.
Eg. "I have to do a make-up exam because i was sick on the day of the exam"
"I have a make-up class tomorrow, because the I was on holidays"
Art. 46 Sustitutorio = Reemplaza el promedio final.

Rezagado = El que no dio examen en la fecha por algún motivo. (Reemplaza el
examen).
En resumen:
Make up test, second chance exam, replacement exam = Pueden ser ahora con
la nueva ley universitaria o bien Examen sustitutorio (del promerdio final del año,
del curso; o examen de rezagado la oportunidad que te dan para que des el
examen parcial que no diste).
Vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Articulo 16°
Las Facultades pueden programar al termino de cada ciclo, evaluación de aplazados para los alumnos que
hayan sido desaprobados con una nota no menor de ocho (08) en una o dos asignaturas. No procede realizar
evaluación de aplazados en cursos de prácticas preprofesionales.
Articulo 17°
Entiéndase por evaluación de aplazados las acciones de recuperación académica mediante las cuales el
alumno supera sus deficiencias y acredita el logro de objetivos propuestos en las asignaturas.
Está habilitado para rendir exámenes de aplazados quien:
1. Tenga un calificativo final desaprobatorio no menor de ocho (08),

2. Ha cumplido con el pago del derecho por Examen de Aplazados.
3. Está al día en sus pagos; y
4. No registra deudas de pensión ni por compromiso de pago
Artículo 18°
La evaluación de aplazados considera un examen escrito que reúne las mismas características y rigurosidad
de los exámenes teóricos a los administrados durante el curso regular y se elabora de acuerdo al contenido
del sílabo
Al alumno que aprueba el Examen de Aplazados se le consigna la nota que obtenga Si se desaprueba,
mantiene la nota desaprobatoria anterior
Con la ley universitaria desaparecen los aplazados.

88
Blended learning (i.e presencial y virtual)

Cute but psyco.
En español, un nerd es un ratón de biblioteca o un cerebrito, pero en Latinoamérica, a

este tipo de persona muy inteligente y aplicada al estudio, también se les puede
denominar según otros nombres: para los bolivianos un nerd es un corcho, para los
argentinos es un traga o un ñoño, para los colombianos un matado, para los
ecuatorianos un norio, etc.. En España, por su parte, le llaman al nerd empollón.
Things are going to get better.

You passed your exam by the skim of your mouth
You’re contradicting your statement.
It wasn’t a miscarriage, it was an abortion (The Godfather).
I am too old for that.
You are not like me.
I better be going.
Get me naked.
You are a lawyer, man! What the fuck is happening to you.
You are the only fucking person on earth that I can trust.
Taxi (Woody Allen in New York). Yellow Cab Co.
I am complicated.
Sweetheart.
We are looking just at the tip of the iceberg here.
I have to leave it there.
Can you go a little faster (A daughter to her dad).
When I drink wisky I become a little chatty.
Send him in (Hazlo pasar), ej. Un jefe a su secretaria.
To win a debate.
She’s got a big future.
How I miss you Roxy (in S.Fco).
Everybody is got a different face after you leave jail. I was inside.
Show cleavage = Escote

Girls can have girlfriends, but men can’t have boyfriend.
Very good food here.
You are so dumb.
I did what anyone would do.
We gathered around to watch TV.
I image a better future for everyone.
Intrusion: 14.12 17
Ad dan extra sound in between two vowel sounds:
89
/w/ /j/ /r/

1.Go /w/ on! It is to pronounce the vowel sounds together, to flow your speech.
Otro ej. Go /w/ away
What do you want to /w/ eat?
2.He /j/ asked me

I /j/ always wake up early.
The password is: three /j/eight, five
3.Law/r/ and order.

I saw /r/ a great film last night.
Draw /r/ and paint.
The roaring 20s

You will get through this.
I like you = Me simpatizas. Ej. Un señor viejo a un joven.
Roof Access = acceso a la terraza.
Hold on a sec.
You were suppossed to look out =…vigilar
I’ll be watching the two of you very closely.
I was sneezing.
The leek is dripping.
You can’t plumb without a licence in N.Y.
I apologize for bothering you.
I lost my pace (perdí la cuenta Benny Hill comedy).
You two have a good night.
The future is Yours.
I don’t know what I was thinking.
A luxurious hotel. /lʌɡˈzjʊərɪəs/.
Lecherous Photos /ˈlɛtʃərəs/.
Nice place, very tidy. (Tú casa).
I want you to respect me.
What are you thinking about.
I owe you an apology.
Dinner is served.
This calls for drastic actions.
I complete understand it.
Write something so I can treasure for these years to come.
I losts my pa /eí/ ce.
I saw the whole thing.
I am back again.
Holy crap (old lady in the shower).
What a nice surprice.
A wonderful collection of books.
I’ll be watching the 2 of you very closely.
How is Mr. Peabody doing?
You were chocking on a chocolate.
You threw her downstairs.
90
Look who is here

Come in the both of you.
I had a flu schock last week.
We are made in the image of God.
I gotta get some rest.
Jesus didn’t come to abolish the law but to fulfilled.
In “The Last Supper” They reclined to eat.
Mount Ta/ei/bor.
Father, if posible take this cup from me.
He was arrested and bound.
Golgótha. He died for you and for me.
Nobody has the guts to do it.
I have been doing this thing for over 40 years, nobody cares.
Alll llbusiness is good next year.
Remote work.
Hey buddy, how is it going out there? (Gimgle bells).
Let me through. Dejenme pasar (ex. The cops).
It looks like you have some competition.
Ladies, you see what I see.
A pleasure to meet you.
Shame on you. Debería darte vergüenza.
I am not done with you. No he terminado contigo.
A: Where shall we ego? B: Whereever the wind blows us. God is the limit.
You sure you are doing the right thing?
I am not buying that. No lo creo.
What a suker = Que tonto.
I got a vacectomy.
I got an idea.
Good night boss!
My clean-up crew = Mi equipo de limpieza.
Life is about being happy.
Local anesthésia
Vaséctomy is not permanetm it is reversable.
Everything will be OK.
How can you ask me something like that?
Hey, it is my father you are talking about.
You dared me! (Me desafiaste un palo en la cabeza).
Frankly Molly, I am worried about your safety.
I am not in the mood.
That was a Little excessive.
We are in this together.
My work is done here = Aqui acaba mi trabajo.
Those options got to be on the table.
It is better to deal with reality no matter how unpleasant it could be.
Does it make me a murder?
Weed?, I am not a dealer (distribuidior).
There is somebody else.
91
Overall, (en términos generales) I think it worked out well.

You can gag me.
Well, good night.
Take a look in the Street =Echale un vistazo.
We are not breaking up, are we? No estamos terminando, o si?
Tween or triplex.
When did this happen?
Have a great dinner.
Something interestingis going to happer here.
Surfing on the Internet.
Do you have herpes?
Pisco sour, do you want a doublé.
There can’t be anything farther from the truth.
You are so shallow.
Adults only (para films).
My tween sister/brother.
I don’t hit girls.
Kill him (im) good = mátalo bien.
Recusal = Recusación de un juez (conflict of interests).
What are you getting at, Mary?
At ease = Descanso (Militar) compare with Attention!
Ocean look apartment.
Recónnanssence = Reconocimiento aéreo.
You dumb fool = Maldito tonto.
You worry too much.
Make yourseelf comfortable.
Come again = Repítelo.
The timeless world and the physical world.
Come on, you earn it. (Ej. un premio, un medalla, etc).
Party is over, let’s go home.
There is another big day tomorrow.
You are the love of my life.
You look lost.
She was drugged at the party.
I waited until my wedding.
It’s confusing dealing with all of this.
Don’t spray = No escupas.
He’s got a pass (pase ej de un carro algún sitio).
Will you stop saying that?}
We’ll deal with it tomorrow.
So, you are a womanizer.
Chubby rains = gotas gordas.
I want you to meet somebody.
Good to see you again.
I didn’t like my childhood.
A devote catholic.
Det unpack = Desenpaca
92
Don’t you ever do othat to me again. Understood?

What position did you do? En que posición jugabas (ej. soccer).
What’s the type of your blood.
Gentlemen, another round.
You get me mixed up.
We introduce ourselves.
They call me mussles.
Br. Eng. Ground floor (viene a ser el primer piso). Street level, the first floor. What
is below is the basement.
Am. Engl. = First floor (go up one floor is the second floor. Debajo del primero is
the basement.
Silver/White/platinum/blonde hair. = Platinado.
02.06.1999
Absent Minded Professor = Profesor distraído
Autopsy
Goddes of Love
My Ex
Innocent Lies
Killer instinct
05.06.99
Nothing last forever.
La Ouija = Witchboard
The Stuff = La Cosa
Bloodhounds = Sabuesos
30.07.99
A Marriage of Convenience
Addicted to Love
The Adventures of Pinocchio
All quiet on the Western Front = Sin Novedad en el Frente.
Caesars and Cleopatra.
The Champ = El Campeon
Misdeméanoor = Delito Menor. Minor offence. I was charged with only a __
Outbreak = La epidemia.
Gunfightere = Pistolero.
If these walls coud talk.

Presumed innocent = Se presume inocente.
Gumbler = Jugador de pocker.
The untouchables = Los intocables.
22.05.1999
Pyromaniac = Piromaniaco.
Easy come easy go
Buried alive.
93
Driving Academy.
Browny is a tough guy.
Death before Dishonor.
Command = Comando.
He is a thick skin = Conchudo ¿?
I am ticklish = Sopy cosquilloso.
20.08.99
I am hold = me dejaron colgado
I can’t tell an Apple from an onion.
Is this gonna hurt?
You are acting very misterious.
My glasses pinch.
Tough luck = Mala suerte.
You are uninformed.
My request for his extra----diction.
I’ll speak plainly.
You are a dead man Raker!
We’ll take a short récess
Juegos de Antaño:
Bolero
Palitroque
Trompo
Carretilla
26.05.1999
Movie List
The Man in the Iron Mask = El Hombre de la Mascara de Hierro.
The Jerk = El Patón. (He’s a jerk = Un tarado, idiot). Rude person.
One day I’ll be able to reward you for all of your patience.
He is a success = Un triunfador.
Why are you doing this? I am not the fool you take me for.
14.08.1999
Everybody let’s eat. Todos a comer.
I am a monógamist.
Di/ai/alisis.
It was an exciting experience in my life if not the most.
Can u see my aura?
Take a seat on the floor.
.
Low fat = Bajo en calorías.
If you need a support, I’ll be always for you.
They can’t fire me. I know too much.
That’s is too bad, isn’t it? Es una lastima, verdad?
I didn’t know he was so studious.
The annihilators = Los aniquiladores.
94
Hey buster (tío) you can’t park your car there.

A bronco buster is a pereson that breaks horses. That is someone who
trains/tames wild horses.
The postman always rings twice = El cartero llama dos veces.
Ghostbusters = Los Casafantasmas.
Gentlemen prefer blondes = Los hombres las prefieren rubias (Marilyn Monroe).
Avanging Angel = El Angle Vengador.
Broken trust = confianza perdida.
Hit the floor = Tirate al suelo.

Get back in your room right now.
Why are you so tense about?
She has no inhibítions.
The party is off. Se ha cancelado la fiesta.
It’s all nonsence = Son tonterías.
He is not performng well in class.
Where we’re to? = A donde vamos? (con el carro).
An informer = Soplón.
Turn around = Dese la vuelta.
Step back = Retroceda.
Big bucks = Un dineral (Ej. el costo de una UNI).
Can’t we just change the subject.
A shabby home = Una casa destartalada.
What the fuck is wrong with you.
I want you to visualize that.
Seriously Richard.
Nice tackle = Una buena atrapada.
I can’t control it.
A)This is a nice place! B) I am glad you like it.
Stay out of the wáter = No te metas al agua.
My leg is asleep.
You get inside = Entra a la casa.
Don’t walk way from me.
I am steril.
Hold the fire = Dejen de disparar (the pólice).
I hopes someone acts before blood is shed.
It’s cold (ej. la sopa).
Stag party = Fiesta de soltero.
You are putting the kids to risk.
I have nothing to gain.
I can not believe how premature you are.
This is a great festival of democracy we are participating today.
This has been a living nightmare.
Can we make peace.
I am paralized by fear.
You do not have the right to terrorize me.
I ditched school today. Con un pretexto me escapé del colegio.
95
Play hookies.
Snow White and the seven dwarfs (31.05.1977).
Dopey Doc Sneeze Grumpy Bashful Sleepy Happy
She’s on maternity leave.

Moño
Portamina = Mewchanical pencel (Am); Propelling pencil (Br).
Manifiestantes = Protesters.
Goleada = to win by many goals.
Message queued for late delilvery.
Footwear = artículos para el calzado.
Lether-soled = Suela de cuero.
Rubber soled = Suela de jebe.
Copper Brand = Flejes de cobre.
Cedar = Cedro
Tornillo = Turned Wood.
Madera enchapada o contra placadas = Veneered or bonded.
Jogging suit = buzo.
Lapiz de labios = lipstick
Lapiz de ojos = eye(liner)
Lapiz de cejas = eyebrow pencil
Polvos = poder
Cleft lip = labio leporino.
Cleft chin = barba partida.
Gago = stammerer.
Fire plug =hydrant.
Classroom language - Expressions

This homework is for turning in. = …Es para entregarlo.
…ing:
Singeing. The hot iron singed (burnt slightly) the shirt. Singe = chamusquear.
Dyeing. She dyed her hair blonde. She dyes all her pullovers. Dye = teñir
“ie” is changed into “y”

Die = dying
Lie = lying
Tie = tying
Adjectives
Adjective is a word that says something about a noun.

96
El adj. Se coloca siempre delante del sustantivo.

Ex. Mary has a long dress.
Los adj. No se pluralizan: The military, the old (people), the dead, he British, the
English, the French.
05.09.1999
There are three degrees of comparison:
1.Positive: dark, tall, useful.
2.Comparative: darker, taller, more useful.
3.Superlative: durkest, tallest, most useful.
Ej.:
Big es el basic adjective, indica solo una cualidad del sustantivo.
Bigger es el comparativo.
biggest es el superlativo
a.One-syllable adjectives form their comparative and superlative by adding “er”

and “est” (forma alemana) to the positive form:
Loud, louder, loudest.
Thin, thinner, thinnests.
Young
Tall
Slim, slimmer.
Cheap
Large
White whiter
Wise Wiser
Dark darker
Short shorter
Cheap cheaper
Long longer
Old older
New newer
Fast faster
Cold colder
Cuando el adj. Es un monosílabo terminao en consonante precedido de vocal

simple se le duplilca esta ultima letra.
Fat, fatter than, the fattest.
Hot, hotter than, the hottest.
Adv.= fast; hard.

97
(Exception according to some teachers: fun = the most fun).
b.Adjectives of three or more syllables form their comparative and superlative by

putting more and most (French) before the positive:
In-te-res-ting. More interesting, most interesting.
Frighte-ning. More frightening, most frieghtening.
More serious.
This exerecise is more difficult than the other.
A taxi is more convenient than a bus.
c.Adjectives of two syllables follow one or other of the above rules:

Ending “ful” (los adjetivos acentuados en la última sílaba) usually take more and
most: more doubtful, most doubtful.
More careful, mosts careful.
More harmful.
Ending “re” = ej. More obscure, most obscure
Ending “y”
Cuando el positivo teremina en “y” precedido por una consonante se cambia la
“y” por la “i” latina y se le agrega “er”.
Happy (not unhappy). Happier than, the happiest
= pretty, prettier than, prettiest
Busy
Lucky
Angry
Noisy
Silly
Heavy, heavier than,
Cuando el positivo teremina en “y” precedido por una vocal no se cambia: ej.
Gay, gayer than, the gayest.
Ending “er” = clever, cleverer cleverest

Tender, tenderer, tenderest
Ending “ow” = Narrow, narrower, narrowest.
Ending “le” =
simple, simpler, siimplerer.
Noble, nobler than
Ending “ly” = holy holier holiest

Lively livier tan
Friendly friendlier.
Lovely
Manly
98
Homely
Ugly
Lonely
Primer caso: superioridad

Comparamos una cosa/persona con otra
Ex.Mary has a longer dress than this one.
Segundo caso: de igualdad: as…-as

Lima is as beautiful as Buenos Aires.
English is as important as Spanish.
I’ll come here as son as I can.
Segundo caso de desigualdad, tiene a su vez dos formas:
111)Zinc is not so heavy as copper.

This classroom is not so dark as the others.
Math is not so easy as history.
222)Mary is not as pretty as her sister.
Tercer caso de inferioridad
Excepciones: Forma irregular
Good (adj.) Better than The best

Well (adv.)
Bad Worst than The worst
ill
evil
little Least than The least
Much/many More than The most
Late Later than The latest
nigh Nigher than The next
near Nearer than The nearest
old older The oldest
Far Farther than The farthest
Forth Delante Further Mas allá The furthest = Lejísimo
Fore anterior Former The first = El primero
Adverbs
Before = delante The Former el anterior The foremost el primero
en situación o dignidad.
99
Behind = detrás. The hinder = Posterior The hindmost = El último

en orden, el postrero.
Up = arriba Upper= superior The uppermost = El
supremo, el mas alto.
Within = Adentro The inner = El interior The innermost = El
íntimo.
Without = Fuera The outer = Exterior The outermost/The
outmost = Elextremo,
sumo.
Advertencias:
Little y much se aplican a las cosas que se pesan: Little/much wine, beer,
fruti…
Few y many a las que se cuentan: Ex. Few/many people.
“Later” y “latest” se refieren al tiempo: You must be here at 6 at the latest.

“Later” y “last” a un orden: The last enemy is death.
Use more most for all participial adjective (son los que terminan en “ed” or “ing” ej.
interesting interested.
This guy is more wreched than I thought.
This country has more friends than you believe.
Love is a one sillable word but it is a participial adjective therefore takes “more”,
“most”.
There are a few two syllable adj. That can take either the French or the German
comparison form: quite, polite, simple, friendly, lovely, likely.
Other one syllable adj. That are exemptions are: ill, real, right, wrong, fun.
Commong mistakes: She is the “more” inteligent person I know, instead of …“the
most”…
The same rule applies to adverbs.
In less than two hours.
More than ten people.
Como última regla del uso de grado de significación, tendremos en cuanta que
cuando en la oración hay dos sujetos entre los que se establece una comparación,
debe emplearse siempre el grado comparativo y no el superlativo..
Ej. El mayor de mis primos (sujeto) es abogado.
El mas joven de mis dos hijos trabaja aquí.
The younger of my two sons works here.
La terminacion “ly” no es siempre un adv. Ej. early.
100
I arrrived at work early today, for a change.

The newspaper arrives in the early morning (…a primera hora…). Adj.
I am going to turn the radio just a tiny little bit.

I look on you and I see myself.
You did the right thing John.
Angel face, monkey face, baby face, (hangling face = cara de ahorcado)…
I expect you honor our agreement.
There is justice in the world.
You are under arrest.
Cards are on the table guys, what do you say.
Everybody gains.
Be practical.
We are not invulnerable.
Speak English = Habla claro. 25.05.97
Nobody gets hurts.
Hey dont’t start.
Off-shore bank account = Cueunta de ultramar.
Enjoy while it lasts.
Relax Roe = Calmate.
The charge of the light Brigade (con Errol Flynn). La carga de los 600.
Pull over (detente) will you?. = quieres detenr el carro.
Before I lose my temper.
If you are not inside, you are outside.
If you need a friend, got a dog.
Most valuable commodity I know is information.
He is a cowboy = Un chico de pueblo.
Surprise me!
Busines is business.
I hope you won’t upset me. =… no me alteres.
Diminutivos
Teenie viene de Christine.
I’ll see what I can do.

You have this mischivous look in your face.
You look better, I think.
Figure it out = Averigualo tu mismo.
It isn’t a lot to ask.
I do not support that decisión.
Thank you for your statements (lo dice la policía).
Things are not always what they seem.
You lied to my face.
Just a hug?
What does it taste like? Ej. Fumar. A que sabe? Que sabor tiene?
This is us binding (estamos intimando).
I have some misgivings about you/about the future (doubts).
101
You are acting like children.

Cannel your power.
Karen the meak or Karen the strong?
You got to geta way = tienes que irte.
Take a deep breath missie.
These guys are havinig sex.
This child has creepy teeth. Dientes montados??????
We had an understanding.
I am so delighted you decided to come.
I wish to talk to you from the heart.
How do you say----- in English:

Caer en la trampa = to fell into a trap.
Tea bag = bolsa de te filtrante.
Foco quemado = burn
Aló? Cambio? Por radio/walkie/talkie se dice over!.
Ricardo Corazón de León = Richard The Lion Hearted.
Triciclo = Tricycle
Sacar una fotocopia = To makek a copy.
Calcomania = sticker.
Funky music
Fake money detector pen
Keep out of reach of children.
Antibullet vest = chaleco antibalas.
Desenvuelto
Caspiroleta
Terrapuertos
Educacion Civica.
Huevo gÜero = rotten egg.
Lanza llamas = fire blower
Piraña = Piranha
Pomamda = show polish
Lonchera = luncheon box
Liga
No reniegues = Don’t get up a mad. Set a mad.
Foco florescente =
Premio consuelo = consolation prize?
Tabla de chancar (en la cocina) = cutting board?
Planilla = Pay roll
El Judio Errante = The wandering Jew.
Ya me manché = I spoilt it.
Paso de baile = Dance step.
Shoe Factory = Shoe Factory.
Forrar un cuaderno = to cover…
Jugar a la ronda = round (in a dance)
Destapar = to uncork, to open.
102
Sacacorchos = corkscrew.
Dar el ejemplo = To set the example.
Sliding door = puerta corrediza
Barrera (en football) = wall
Disco rayado = Scratched álbum.
Put on perfume = Echarse olor.
Mamacita =
Ganador del primer premio = First/Grand prize winner.
Barbecue = Parrilla
She is cooking some steaks at the outdoor fireplace for their picnic supper.
Tener uso de razón = At what age do we become moral beings?
Puerta levadiza
Chapa
Estuche de anteojos = Glass case.
Planta carnívora = Carnivorous plant.
Arena movediza = qucik sand.
Reducidor de cabezas = shrink head
Morirse de hambre = To starve.
Aguantarse las ganas = To hold back.
Blear = legaña
Hacer barras = to do
Quinta = Condo
Algodón = Candy sugar
Tamaño carta
The printer accepts letter size or A4. = …tamaño carta …
Scare monger = Don bolas, alarmista.
Ruleros = Curling pins.
Tamal
Humitas.
Plancha quemada =
Pezuña = Hoof de un animal (olor = )
Manjarblanco = Milkpudding.
Fijador de cabello = Pomede greese.
Pie de atleta =
Stay back = No te acerques mas. Don’t get any closer.
The week after next = 2 weeks
Which = uno u otro (selective) What is more general.
Genitive or possessive
The horse of the King’s son is sick, ó El caballo del hijo del rey esta enfermo
the king’s son’s horse is sick.
The house of Susan’s aunt is old, ó La casa de la tía de Susana es

puedes decir: (The) Susan’s aunt’s antigua.
house is old.
103
The possessive with aprostrophy is of Anglo-Saxon origine

The king’s son’s horse; or The horse of the king’s son, both are OK.
Car wax = Cera para carros

Chinese porcelain set.
Avisos en la calle:
Wet cement, keep off = Cemento fresco – No pisar.
No U turn = A traffic notice.
Aviso en un garaje: “NO PARKING - TOW AWAY ZONE.”
It’s good morning here, anyway nice to hear from you. How u’doing.
Hi, neighbour!
He is a loser.
Can I come in?
What could I do without you?
Ingrate, you do not appreciate your present.
A
She can type 90 words a minute.
Quite a person = Una persona admirable, todo un hombre.
A real man = Muy hombre
I smell a rat = Aquí hay gato encerrado
Give a talk = Dar una charla.
Quite a lot = Una buena cantidad.
A mere formality = No mas que una mera mera formalidad.
She is a freight/ a sight = Es un adefecio/mamarracho.
To grant a stay = conceder una permanencia.
To have a temperatura = Tener calentura o fiebre.
I drove at 80 miles an hour, which was wrong.
For things which are on the other side of the road, room, etc use the “opposite”.
You may want to introduce the expression “across from”
Two languages separated by a common language.

American English British English
Yard = In Usa is used to describe the Yard = In B.English the entire área is
ground around the house called the garden.
I can’t find my keys anywehere. Did Have you seen them?
you see them?
104
I already ate I’ve already eaten

Did you do your homework yet? Have you done your homework yet?
In America collective nouns are always Which team is/are losing?
with a verb in singular.
E.g. Which team is losing?
To take a bath, a shower, a short To have a…
vacation
She studies in high school. She studies at the university
He is on the basketball team He is in the basketball team
Monday through Fr. (through = up to) Monday to Friday (to = including)
Stay home Stay at home
I promise to write her I promise to write to her
He enrolls in an American English He enrolls on an American English
courses. courses.
Do you have a problem? Have you got a problem?
I have 2 sisters I’ve got 2 sisters
I have to go now I’ve got to go now
Spring animals are in zeal. Spring animals are on zeal.
My birthday is Jan. 15th My birthday is the 15th Jan. If the
birthday is over you say my birthday
was on the 15th Jan.
This place is different from/than This place is different from/to anything
anything I’ve seen before. I’ve seen before.
A quarter after/of 2 A quarter past/to 2
around round
Did she leave? (yet) Has she left? (yet)

Compounds: dive board Diving board (trampoline)
Take a bath/shower/brake Have a…
Versus
Home = Place where you live House is the building made for people
to live in.
Indefinite Article
U Y H
A University.
A Uniform
Draw a plan of the house

105
Beauty and the Beast.
DO MAKE NO USO
Do assignments. Make arrangements. We are going to
Do me a favor. Make a suggestion. throw a party.
Do your homework. Make a reservation.
A little exercise will do you Make a promise. Make
good. (physical) You make me laugh. decisions(Am.)
Do some shopping. To make an effort. vs
Do business. Make love. Take decisions
To do the dishes Make a good salary. (Br) Never used
To do Karate Make believe. by Mrs. Terry.
To do errands. Make a date.
Hacer planchas = To do push I do not make the rules.
ups. What did he do to you to
To do sit ups = absominales. make you angry.
You make me sad.
Make faces.
To make one’s mouth water.
To make the necessary
Do is used with simple provisions for = Tomar las
present tense to show medidas necesarias para.
emphasis To make a deposit.
-He does look like his brother. To make ends meet.
We do not speak Italian, but To make ends meet = hacere
we do speak French. alcanzar el dinero.
Do write to her. To make a mistake.
She may not be brilliant, but To make an appointment.
she does get good grades. To make the bed.
You did do it Dante. It makes me sick = Me da
You do morer harm that asco.
good. To make a translation.
Ditto = en el renglón superior. To make a voyage to.
Dto To make good grades
Do. Make way = Abran paso.
To make a toast = Hacer un
brindis. I like to make a toast.
Make a soup.
Meake a meal.
"I did it!"? or "I made it!"?

How does one say when they manage to buy tickets for a show that they want a lot
to see but is thought to be very difficult to find? "I did it!"? or "I made it!"?
"I did it!" would be my choice.
"I made it!" usually implies arrival of some kind, either literal or metaphorical (e.g. if
you just manage to catch a train).
106
Three guys won a fight and one of them just says "We did it"
Some windows are broken and the mom ask to the kids "¡WHAT HAPPENED
HERE?!" and a kid answer "We made it"
We did it means you just completed something. We made it is like you have finally
gotten somewhere you want to be. "We did it! We climbed a mountain", "We made
it to the top of the mountain"
"We did it. We finished the fundraiser", "We made it, we raised the amount we
wanted"
If "it" is referring to something, "I made it" would refer to creating it, "I did it" to an
action.
You can also use "I did it" to mean you accomplished some difficult task, that you
weren't sure you would manage. "I made it" means the same but with the added
implication (but which is often ironic) that you're surprised to have survived.
Casos gramatiales.
Nominativo Sujeto--- Quién? Qué?
Acusativo Complemento directo: a quién? a qué?
Dativo Complemento indirecto: Para quién? Para qué?
Ablativo Complemento circunstancial: Donde?, como?, cuando?
Genitivo Indica posesión. De quien?
Vocativo Indica admiración. How are you, my dear Mr. Lewis
Neither John nor I (is, are, am) tired. (the nearest).

Neither Bob nor Jack are intellligent.
Attached questions:
There used to be a store on the corner, The latter is correct:
wasn’t there? Or didn’t there? Didn’t there?
I am tired, Aren’t I? (because am has no
contraction. Am not).
Neither Bob nor Carlos speaks Do They?
Portuguese
Picknicked = 3 sillables.
None of the grils is present
None of Betty’s friends likes to go boating.
Have you any money? Antiguo.
Have you got any money? El usado mas en Inglaterra.
Do you have any money = OK
107
Si dices Do you have some money? You are sure he has some.
Have you en vez de do you have. Have you como pregunta se usaba en la epca
de Shakespiere y se dejo de usar esta forma de hacer preguntas y se cambio
usando el auxiliar do/does. Como ejemplo de otros verbos, todavia perdura Dare
not como pregunata. Dare not disobey my orders.
I saw the boxing yesterday.
Certainly, certainly not.
We didn’t see each other’s (face). = correct sentence, because each is singular.
We didn’t see each others’ (face). = incorrect sentence
Each other and one another can be used interchangable
Ware
Silverware Cubiertos.
Glassware Cristaleria.
Chinaware Vajilla de porcelana.
Bajo = Hay contacto (Jorge Consiglier, 09.08.76)

Debajo Hay espacio.
Tuck in = Meterse la camisa dentro del pantalón, Distinto a Roll up you sleves
Have something done

Have someone do something.
Mrs. Terry Business correspondence.8:30/10:00 Apr.’80
The function was excellent.

Why yes = of course.
The company is gettinig ahead = La empresa esta mejorando.
Knock off = Stop working.
Textilel Factory.
The letter is worthy (full of words).
She turned me down = me djo no.
I do not want to put you out = No quiiero incomodarte. (ej.al entrar de visita en una
casa).
A form letter = una carta ya impresa, membretada.
My house is very rundown. I have to keep it up.
02.02.80
Early bird opposite of late sleeper.
My feet are swollen.
I hate to do errands.
I am going to wring your neck.
Casius Clay was a braggart.
He has a square mind = mente conservadora.
The missing link = El eslabón perdido.
I am going to give it a second thought.
108
A bouncing check = A check which has no funds.

Whenever you are not making money, you are spending it.
Eradicate (a fever, crime, etc).
Illiteracy = analfabetismo.
Mr. Dias did not understand: To go in for a contest (compete) Am.
I am not stupid Mary.
You lend yourself to this = Te prestas a esto.
She is old she invents things.
26.01.80
Ellipsis (…)
Cannery = Fábrica de latas.
She is always in my way.
I go in for your ideas. Estoy con tus ideas.
Drop in = Why don’t you drop in for tonight.
The death toll is increasing = La tasa de mortalidad esta creciendo.
16.02.80
Starlet = Actriz principiante.
Score = Punto.
I have some scores to settle with that fellow.
Keep the change = Quedarse con el cambio.
Rábbi /ai/ = Teacher of the Jewish law.
We can not be separated.
He went mad and they placed him in an asylum / mental hospital.
This house looks like a madhouse. Manicomio. This is a madhouse.
Dry law = Ley seca. (The prohibition).
The sting = La Estafa. El Golpe.
Topless = Uniquini (leaving the breast bare topless).
23.02.80
Collateral effect. = Consecuencias colaterales.
Juana bring a cup of coffe for “X”.
Aged home = Asilo.
Nursery Homes = Guardianias for small children. Papahuasi. Wawahuasi
Room and board = Casa y comida.
Latin Americans are very sentimental.
Housing Projects = Urbanizaciones (San Felipe, Sta. Cruz) Conjuntos
habitacionales.
Housing complex/Project = Residencial, urbanización.
Apartment Complex or Residential Complex= ej. Residencial San Felipe.
A gathering = Reunión.
Grammar I Oscar Satui / Miss Susan 1:00/4:00 Saturdays Apr/Mar 1980

Let’s boogie = let’s dance.
He’s boogie = He is agitated.
A bogie is a chassis on 4 wheels.
109
I am feeling well = right I feel well = used in daily conversation.

He is at church implies a habit, he’s praying.
He’s in church.
At is something that goes with.
Thou = tu. En el inglés es al revés, el tú se utilizaba y utiliza para indicar
superioridad. Es también inglés bíblico. Love thy neighbour!
The teacher’s revange.
She came immediately
My next victim.
Lounge = in the movies, teathers, hotels, airports…
Lounge = hall, only the houses of the rich have lounges.
Lounge = Salon Ej. Student lounge
To answer somebody merely with yes or no is impolite.
Minors = are the optional courses in a career.
A couple = Two boys, 2 girls, or 1 boy & 1 girl.
I wet my pants (Ex. In an earthquake).
Get him up = used erroneously in USA.
Float = Carro alegórico (Ex. A carnaval float).
One thing is for sure.
I can’t connect to the Internet.

Don’t you ever do that again.
You young boys you think you know everything.
A. Some broccoli? B. I’ll pass.

You are not eating very much tonight.
Plot = Argumento de una obra en el teatro

Blalr = legañoso.
City employee Guardiia municipal.
He’s complex = Acomplejado.
Acomplejado = he has a complex
She is full of complexes.
He has a complex about his obesity.
When I was younger I was hung up (acomplejado) about my body.
They’re bothersome = fastidioso (sust & adj).
You are annoying = Eres fastidioso.
43 = four cube
42 = four square
USA BILL SYSTEM:

$1
$2 (Don’t give it away.It’s scarce).
$5
$10
110
$20
$50
$100
$1000 (One grant)
1Cent
Prision changed me deeply.
I don’t want publicity on this.
What I believe is…
There will be such an outcry…
I have a few misgivings about the plan (doubts).
Please don’t fuck around = No vengas con cojudeces.
It was all lies.
Something terrible is happened.
You got a lot to live for.
Guano de las islas = Bird dropping/deposits
Salitre = Saltpeter.
Stage coach or dilligence coach.

13 thirteén, when counting however we ten to stress only the first syllable.
Peruvian paso horse.
I can dó this vs I cn’t do this.
Not at all = not in the least.
Take two aspirin or rins….
Sir Dante = OK, but Sir Navarro = Wrong!.

I do the cooking in my house.
You paint with a brush.
You draw with a pen or piece of chalk.
Farenheit Celcius or Centigrades

86/105 Hot 29/---
66/85 warm 19/28
46/65 Cool/chillly 8/18
33/45 Cold 1/7
32 Freezing point 0
Below freezing
I want to start a company.
“…man”
Artilleryman.
Boatman = Barquero.
Cabman = Cochero.
Chairman = Presidente.
111
Craftman = Artesano.
Draughtman = Dibujante técnico (Polaco).
Doorman = Portero
Dustman = Basurero both el que recoje con el comion de basura, y el basurero
que barre las callaes.
Fireman
Fisherman
Gentleman
Hamgman = Verdugo.
Helmsman = Timonel v
Madman = Loco
Oarman = Remero
Nobleman = Caballero.
Poliman
Postman
Seaman.
Waherwoman
Watchman
Workman
Yeoman = Hacendado.
Bread vendor, chocolate vendor, coffee vendor, cigarette vendor.

A weeding planner.
A comedian (Ej. Verdager).
I got it from a ticket scalper(US)/tout (UK) = revendedor.
News anchor = Presentador de noticias
Obama’s impersonator.
The takecarer of the building. = …guardian.
She was a fortune hunter = Ella era una cazafortunas.
He wants to be a hairdresser (hairstylist).
Ropavejero/Trapero = Rag (and bone) picker. En usa algo parecido pero mas
autorizado vendria a ser junkman (A second dealer, redealer).
Plural singlular nouns.

Singular nouns Plural nouns
A lot of people is waiting for you.
The news is very depressing today. I have many clothes. (People and
I’m afraid I have some bad news. clothes have no singular form).
What is the news. Mosts people are inquisitive,
vendictive, etc.
I don’t have much furniture in my I know many Japanese and Swiss. (pl.
house. nouns)
My furniture is wornout, I need to
replece it.
112
How is the furnitiure in your house?

There isn’nt much furniture in this
room.
Thje furniture is modern.
The sales is good today.
Subjuntivo subjenctive
I suggest that he go.

Shall we like this when we are dead.
See you tomorrow if I am not dead.
I hope it isn’t so late.
Is there anybody here who is a Japanese?
You must have some proof which is definitive. It’s clear proof.
God bless you.
The transactions continue to grow.

The market is very volati/ai/le.
I watched him dying.
Affixes
prexex
It’s all for nothing.

To die from grief.
A year like no other…
A manufactured crises.
Lo omitido esta en amarillo:

Metaplasmo
Aféresis Síncopa La apócope
(Tele)phone In)flu(enza) Doc(tor)
(News)paper Vac(ation)
Air(plane) Un(til)
113
Pop(pular)
Exam(ination)
Gym(nasium)
Math(ematics)
Lab(oratory)
Are you playing with me?

She’s in love with you.
The momento of trust finally arrived.
The thing is that…
How long did you know?
University Club. “U” uniform is cream color. (Yellow to White tone).
Which day of the week do you like best?
I speak English badly.
I like my neighborhood movie theater better.
Traffic light: red = stop; yellow (amber)= slow; gree = go.
I ran/jumped a red light = me pase la luz roja.
Masculine “his”
Who is always on time for his English class?
He’ll fit you in between schedule appointments = …en entre citas…

The child enjoyed himself in his play-pen.
It will be a shame to take my business elsewhere.
You are a swine = eres un sinvergüenza (shameless es adj. Ojo no sustantivo para
referirse a una persona, tendrías que decir shameless person o guy o algo asi,
pero no veo que se usa, mas correcto parece ser swine).
Scoundrel (dated) = Pícaro, canalla, bribón, sinvergüenza
Compound Verbs
Can you lip reed what I say.
The doctor cut open…
Safe open
Non english words:

Auto stop. La palabra correcta es hitch hiking.
We can hitchhike from Lima to Huacho. I used to hitchhile to downtown. Tirar
dedo = To thumb a lift.
Bungee jumping = (Puenting, esta palabra ya está en el dicc. De la RAC pero en
114
los diccionarios de inglés no existe).

Complot
Mb = /m/
Comb
Lamb
Bomb
Climb
Tomb
Limb
Thumb
Dumb
Numb
Wumb
infinitive …ing or gerund

I forgot to mail the letter (no la envié) I forgot mailing the letter (La envió pero
se olvido del hecho).
Try to open the window (está Try opening the window (prueba de
malograda). esta manera).
Try to touch me (A ver si te atreves) Try touching me (trata de esta
manera).
He stopped to talk to us (estaba He stopped talking to us (dejó de
andando y se detuvo) hablarnos)
He needs sto study He needs studying (a longer period)
Wrong = adj. Mistake = noun.

You are soaking wet = Estás empapado.
English Spanish
Stupid Se lo dicen a ellos mismos. (I was stupid). Es más fuerte en spañol.
Lier No es fuerte en español decírselo a si Es mas fuerte en Inglés
mismo.
Alex Diaz Ene/Feb 1980 10:00/13:00 convnersation IV

19.01.1980
115
What belt do you have?

Stand by = Alerta, en espera.
No wonder = Ahora me doy cuenta, con razón.
Tárzan.
Rule for the pronunciation of the /s/ or /z/ sound in English:
When the letter ‘s’ is after an unvoiced or quiet consonant, it is pronounced as a

/s/.
e.g., hats, tops, works, laughs, what’s, moths.
When the letter ‘s’ is after a vowel, another ‘s’, or a voiced consonant, it is
pronounced as a /z/ sound.
e.g., logs, tubes, beds, moves, clothes, was, becomes, he’s, passes.
Pronounce /s/ as ‘əz’ after the consonants /s/ /z/ ‘ch’ ‘sh’ ‘j’ ‘zh’ ( as in vision)- ( in
uz the ‘u’ is said very short and quickly –the schwa sound).
e.g., passes, beaches, washes, packages, noses.
Pronunciantion of Months NB: you cancel out the th.sound because it is between
the “n” and the “s” sound.
How do you feel?

I have a terrible headache.
Oh, that’s too bad.
I hope you feel better soon.
Thanks, I hope so too.
What do you have in your study: I have a bookcase, pennents (afiche). Un sitioo
donde puedes leer, escribir, ejh. My club.
Studio es para pintores, artistas.
Handrail = baranda de una escalera (stairs).
My guests se pronuncia solo una ssss larga.
The shepheards saw Jesus lying on a manger.
Bus Fare
Bus fare base:
Adult/ordinary
Child
Student
Special passes
Honor citizen (62 Ex. in Honolulu). https://www.cabq.gov/transit/fares-bus-
passes
116
Do yo wish large or small bills? Denominación.

Why are you asking me? You’ve made up your mind already.
Keep moving = Ej. Sigan caminando.
I’m getting hot = Me estoy excitando.
I don’t like to be part of something that is bigger than me.
A.Hi!;
B.Hey!
A:What are you doing on Sat.?
A.You tell me.
Where is the birthday girl? …cumpleañera.
Brownie be nice!
Too much is happened.
The truth is I like it here.
Too much time waiting. I am gonna have a stroke. I will convulse with anger.
I am a university teacher that means, I have a “small” income.
I wish I could change things.
I blank = Me quede en blanco.
Hey, you know something? I Iike you very much.
Hey back off you animals. Ej. un domador agarrando una silla o un prof. a sus
estudiantes pifiando. (retrocedan).
Welcome on board. Let’s start the interrogation. Ej un enamorado nuevo visitando
a la familia de la enamorada por primera vez en la presentación.
That is immaterial = Eso no importa. The difference in our age is inmaterial.
She is a materialistic woman.
Derecho - Legal terms
Body of Evidence = Cuerpo del delito

Obstraction of Justice
We could try to mount a defence on the grounds of…
Duly Noted = Queda como esta. Anotado en un jury, lo que dice el juez al
representante del jurado cuando responde portodos el veredicto.
Trial separation, i.e informal splitting of a couple (vs legal separation= Juicio de
Separación
Divorse (=dissolution of marriage) = Divorcio.
Same sex marriage.
Are you getting married?
Under pain of death.
You married’
Divorced?
I came here for a divorcee (una divorciada) …/ei/
Marital status
Singlel mother.
Law and order = everything is according to law and order.
The office was searched.
Witness for the Prosecution = Testsigo de Cargo.
117
Juvenal Court.
“…life, liberty and persue of happiness…”
Writ of Preliminary Pleas = Escrito de Excepciones
Writ of Points of Defence = Escrito de Contestacion a la demanda
law = z.B. The Hague Rules, or the Peruvian Law, English law, etc.
Jurisdiction = the place/Court where action can be instituted.
Reverse = where the Terms lie. Anverse the opposite
Aren’t you going to read my Rights.
I object = Protesto (/por la pregunta).
In this country you are guilty until proving innocent.
El juez puede pronunciar:
Sustained = A lugar/aceptado.
Objection overruled = Denegada la objeción.
They want to (contest=impugner) the will.
Allow me to rephrase.
Please note that this message is neither to be construed as an admission of
liability nor as a waiver of any rights or defences which we may have under the
terms of the Bill of Lading or any law or International Convention which may
apply.
NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE RESPONDENTS=Nombre y direcc.domicil.del
ddo.
APPLICABLE PROCEDURAL CHANNELS =via procedimental aplicable
FINDINGS OF FACT = fundamentos de hecho
Moreover, our client has passed and transferred its rights, titles and actions in
our favor, which give us the lawful right to execute this action for the amount of
the suit.
Order, order in the court
XXX being of sound mind and body wish to make my will and testament.
I’m going to throw the book on you.
A contractual deadline.
Partner = conviviente
The woman testified in court
Property rights = Derechos reales
You are going to see the eviction.
Get a statement = Tómale una declaración
The Court is at session.
All rise = De uso en un tribunal.
Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
Lawyers are a pain in the neck (…jodidos).
All rise for the honorable judge…
Continuency denied (prórroga denegada en un juicio).
A guy from the IRS (de Rentas) is asking for you.
Let’s take a rest.

Pipe down = Cierra el pico.
That’s the rub = Ahí esta la dificultad/inconveniente.
118
Stick no bills = Se prohíbe pegar carteles.

Tickets are sold out.
First cousin = Primo hermano.
Do I look like Santa to you (crees que soy millonario).
Please save me a piece of cake.
See what you’ve done, you made your sister cry.
Gulp it down = trágatelo.
What day is it today.
Sufijos
El prefijo “s” le da fuerza el verbo del

que se deriba.
Smash = (Mash now rather obsolate).
Smelt = melt (Ex. fundición vs vela).
Scrunch = crunch
What’s the date? = A como estamos.

Today is Monday June the 11th.
Cut! (en una filmación de una película).
Encore (Fr.) = Repeat = Again!
Get out = Piss off!
Wipe your nose or blow your nose.
Don’t dirty your clothes.
Are you pissed at me or are you pissed about the delay? (enojada).
Don’t bilittle yourself = i.e don’t be modest about your abilities.
That is not of your beewax (Diana).
Get out of my sight (Mr. Black, Diana).
Fill up the tank = Gas it up!
Well done = ojo con esta expression es positiva. Ej. I got the job. Oh, really. Well
done!
Keep your mind open. Change your opinión about something.
Damn it = maldito sea.
Wait for me.
Don’t try to tease me.
Soften you voice.
Hey, watch what you’re doing.
He fell to his lot = le toco
You got your deserts. Te paso lo que te merecias / tu merecido.
Gangway (Br). = A un lado = Make way!
Hush everyone I’m trying to explain this. Quiet!
Stay away = No entres. (Ej. Se está quemando el cuarto).
Rely (up)on me = Cuenta conmigo.
119
What a pleasant surprise.

Show me your papers/id(identity).
What a nerve = Que tal raza.
Put your hands up, this is a hold.
Chin chin (not USA) = a greeting viene del Chino s.XVIII expresando buena salud.
Also in drinking.
INTERJECTIONS - EXCLAMATIONS
Oops or Wooph
Oh!
I have a tremendous amount of work, woe is me. = Que desgraciado soy. Woe
usado más en literaura.
Wow
Bah
Bla, bla bla…
Wo or Whoa! = Stop, used to a horse.
Boy, do I love this woman.
Gosh = child’s word.
Darn = OK it’s polite use. Damn! = No polite
Ouch! That hurts! (No necesariamente un dolor material).
Cat calls = Rechiflas (The actor got the bird).

Boos = Buu!
Hisses
Cheers = Bravo!
I was going to ask her for marriage but I chicken out (me chupe, me acobardé).
Don’t chicken out!.
…SELF
Control yourself.
Cross yoursellf.
13.08.76 Yo le conozco (sus defectos); yo lo conozco (objeto directo. Ej. a Juan).

My stomach rambles. (Jorge Consigliery).
Yo pasare el examen (si estudio) if…

Yo voy a pasar (definitly).
Ella lo verá = if…

120
Ella lo va a ver = de todas maneras.
Cuantos hermanos tienes (Sp. both male & females).

En inglés: How many brothers and sisters do you have.
Si dices How many brothers do you have (seria solo hermanos/hombres).
GET
Cada vez que hay un proceso de adaptamiento se usa “Get”.
I am getting tired.
How can yuu be so repulsive in the Morning (“Paper Chase” = la carrera por el
título de abogado).
21.What were you doing when the fire started?
22.Margaret was taking a shower when the phone rang.
23.We didn’t eat lunch yesterday.
24.Iguazu Falls is the largest waterfalls on the world.
25.Football is the most popular sport in USA.
Money and friendship don’t mix.

Hey Peter, where have you been? I’ve been waiting for you.
I am gonna get some sleep.
Are you recording?
There is an election coming up.
LATIN
Words taken from Oxford Dicc.
Ab lib = improvise, ex. In a play.
Ad valorem = in proportion to the estimated value.
Alma Mater = name of tre Universitty or school that one atended.
Alter ego = One’s other self.
Anno Domini = in the year of our Lord.
Bacterium Bacteria = The smallests form of plant life.
Boda fi/ai/de = in good faith.
Ex gratia
Ha/ei/beas Corpus = Order requiring a person to be brought before a judge,
especially to investigate why he is kept in prisión.
Ídem = by the same author, as already mentioned.
Id est = That is to say.
In memoriam
Iinter alia = amongst other things.
Ipso facto = immediately.
Lapsus lingue
In lieu of = instead of.
Modus operandi.
121
Modus vivendi.
Persona (non) grata.
Te Deum
Pro rata
Viceversa
Viva voice.
Quorum (not used in English)
Déficit, superávit.
Ear wash = lavado de oído.

Satiate your curiosity.
Cortar a coco = I am going to shave my head shaved. Head shaving, bold haircut,
Elementary school: 5-11 (de Kindergarten al 5th grade).
Middle school: 11-14 (6to al 8vo grado). (Intermediate or Junior High School)
High school: 14 a 18 años. (del 9no al 12avo grado).
My appetite is insa /eí/ tiable
Cacerolazo = Banging Ex. Women in the Street were banging with pots and pans.
He was driving the wrong side of the road. (England).
Driving against the traffic means for example that everybody is going downtoown at
08:00 a.m., but your are driving to the suburbs.
Hey, buddy. (una chica a otra).
I saw you through the keehole.
Lip butter.
Verbs with infinitive

Afford
Agree
Ask
Choose
Decide
Help
Hope
Intend
Learn
Manage
Mean
Need
Offer
Plan
Pretend
Promise
Seem
Teach
Want
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Stupid letter.
A substitute teacher.
Try to understand him. Calm down everything is under control.
Nice to see you, you haven’t aged a bit.
“Party time” can be see written on a T-shirt as Partee tyme.
The lumber guy = el leñado (su camisaa gruesa a cuadros + blue jean).
I don’t know why I shared that.
He was a py/ai/romániac.
I open up to you and you talk to me like that?
Your mother is a great observer of people.
Can we talk about something else?
I really like to be around you.
You stole my song/wife/husband/life.
People change, they accommodate…
Reach ecstasy.
I am trying to concéntrate.
Why did you hurry off? Porque te fuiste corriendo?
Dr. of what?
Swallow it.
Observation desk. (en el aeropuerto).
I am not a 100% cured.
Want to relieve myself, but there is no bathroom in sight. (relieve oneself = urinate,
less common defecate). We are going to stop in case anyone needs to relieve
themselves.
He stopped by the side of the road to relieve himself. To have a relief.
The butt slap
Note to the reader: This glossay is just for academic research purpose.
Dirty words or sentences related to sex.
Don’t break my balls (no me jodas)

Don’t fuck on me on this
To take a shit. = to take a water = to go to the stool.
Squeeze
Teats
That’s ballony.
Buttom, rear, backside, bum. Arse, ass.
Kick the buttocks.
Staff = pricker.
Terms of comtempt: Ex.
Da/ei/go = for an Italian, Spaniard or Portuguese.
Darkey (or Darkei). Offensive negro Negress
Fuck you John! Vete al carajo, Juan. (En tono familiar intimo no es tan fuerte).
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I lost my lust (deseo) for women.

Nimpho /ninfo/ maniac. Debe escribirse con y, Nympho…
Brindis: To girls with big teats.
Make love to me.
You’re a fucking idiot, why don’t you just get off.
I have never bullshit at you. (shit here is not a dirty word as in other situaions).
Is that a shit? En el suelo?
Are you fucking retarded?
He’s the sort of boss who likes to lay his secretary.
I am (a weak bladder = meón).
He’s sex maniac. He’s known to be highly oversex.
I will tell you what to do you dumbass.
Fuck you too! Púdrete…(Fauk you Tony = vete al carajo Tony)
I never fucked anybody over my life. Nunca le he mentido ha nadie…
Where the fuck is he?
That son of a bitch did it (Día de la independencia).
She’s hot = Está Buena. Un hombre comentándole a otro hombre.
Fuck them all = Que todos se vayan a la M.
A complete asshole! (desgraciado, imbecil)
Wow she was (a cow=una hembra).
Poo for you = Vayalw al diblo.
She is my lay /lei/ in sexual intercourse, a partner
Fuck Mr. Steves = Vayase al diablo.
Get the fuck out of my house!
Shit = Rayos.
No more bullshit = No mas mentiras.
That son of a bitch wishes more money.
He’s a piece of junk.
Suck my
cock
What the fuck is going on?
You look like shit (ej. Te queda mal el vestido)
Hey, punk (oye idiota).
I fucked out = meti la pata.
Fucking cold out here! (Sully) Acá hace un frio de M!
Dirty words: v.g ring job.
Kinky sex (perverted).
He ogle at me / all the pretty girls.
Shit = Diablos
Are you trying to piss me off? Estas tratando de enfadarme?
You love that shit, don’t you. Te gusta esa cojudes, no es cierto?
Go fuck yourself = Vete al diablo.
Bitch. Termino tambien familiar. Una amiga a otra She’s a bitch = Bruja o
maldita.
I think you are an asshole (. . . idiota).
What the fuck are you doing man?
Please no heroeshit!
124
I feel like shit.

You freak me out with that shit.
Do you want to pee, pee? (used by/to small children). Do you want to go for a
pee?
To do a wee wee (urinate, piss). To make water.
The baby is suffering from winds (gases).
To break wind = tirarse un pedo.
She broke wind, it smell terrible.
I gotta pee.
I am going to take a piss.
He’s a freak = un fenomeno (Ej . El hombre elefante).
Get the fuck out of here.
Get in the fucking pool.
I am just a fucking policeman.
The hell with this.
I don’t shit on my taxes.
He’s a punk = El es un vándalo/salvaje/irrespetuoso.pjorative.
She’s fucking somebody.
He’s a dick (un tonto).
You look like shit ! = Te ves muy mal! Tienes un aspecto espantoso!
He fucks anything that moves.
Fuck you Matt! Vete al diablo.
I hate this fucking freak!
I got to take a shit.
To do number one.
To do number two.
It is very common usage in America, especially among children. Some people
recount being taught in Kindergarten to hold up one finger if you had to go to pee
(urinate) or two fingers if you had to poo (defecate).
Child: I have to go to the bathroom; Mother: Number one, or number two?
Fucker = (fuckerer es mas fuerte, hijo de p…)
You screw = te jodiste.
Hey, go fuck yourself!
A).Screw you! Vete al diablo. B).Screw you too!
I am 63 fucking years old.
Stop nagging me = Deja de fastidiarme/joderme.
I am late. Si te lo dice una mujer, te jodiste.
PIMP = Caficho.
You got brain and balls.
What the fuck made you change your mind.
Fucking asshole! Why are you doing this to me?
You look like shit! Te ves muy mal. Ej. Con moretones, etc.
I recommend fucking.
Stupid fucking rules.
Sex slave.
S.o.B = Son of a Bitch.
Pent House. Dic.91
125
Tongue her breast. Tongue me.

Drives him mad.Going crazy
He/she is horny. Hot
Cream, man - Juices, woman. Juicy crotch.
Cock, weapon. Dick me, she said.
Grab my
You should stop jerking off (masturbate). She wanks when she reads that.
To give a blowjob. She’s a cock sucker.
Garlic gives me the winds = Me dan gases (Br). It gives me gas (Am).
Pussy = cunt = snatch = clit = slit
Wear nothinig underneath
He went to sleep with an erection and woke up with come all over.
Fucking wirdo.
She’s got an apple buttom. (ba-donka-donk). An enormous behind.
She wants to be stuffed.
Bastard= Desgraciado.
You bastard leaving your wife like that! (insentitive person).
Poor bastard he won’t get a job. Unfortunate fellow.
He was trying to turning around with me. Dandole vuelta al argumento.

Echandome la culpa.
Make yourself at home.
Instincts are never wrong.
You look gorgeous = Una mujer a un hombre.
I love you guys (Un hijo abrazando a sus padres).
Crab louse = ladilla.

How you feeling? Never better.
You ruined it.
Big/Little sinner.
All gone to hell = todo se fue a la mierda. No recomendable para una
conversación.
General store. It sells well = Se vende bien.
You are making me blush.
That is a big prize for saving my life.
The Maker = God.
Look the way he holds his fork.
Man se pronuncia “mean” como mearse en castellano, es larga la 2ª”; y men es
corto igual al castellano. (Can, ham, Thanks).
British drive on the wrong side of the road.
Most cars are now automatic, They use automatic transmission.
Manual transmission.
The building is Brand new.
Sometimes cab take the log way to make the tourist pay more for the ride.
David Crystal the flap /t/.
126
Pretty, dirty, city, Betty. Mas que una /d/ se escucha como la Spanish “r” ex. En
pero.
What did’ya (do) that for?
I don’t like drunks (borrachos).
Not that I know of.
Trump motorcade on way to Capital Hall.
PREPOSITIONS
By:
By memory = De memoria. To learn by heart = Aprender de memoria.

I work by myself = I wok alone. ( = I work for myself = I am a free lancer).
Did you call me up by pone this morning? Did you call on me this morning?
By ear = de/al/por oído.
I was very impressed by what you did at the parade.
By accident = por/de casualidad
To know by sight = conocer de vista.
Everybody by himself 0 Salvense quien pueda.
By next year = Para el año que viene.
By force = A la fuerza.
By check = con cheque.
By birth = De nacimiento. I am a Peruvian by birth.
I am pressed by work = Estoy abrumado de trabajo.(best with troubles).
To be swamped with work = Estar abrumado de trabajo.
Tú pusiste los libros aquí? By no menans De ninguna manera.
Estas molesta conmigo? By no means.
I will get ther by all means.De todas maneras.
TO:
To translate to the letter.

Get to the point.
I was scared to death.
In
En = Dentro de, indica la posición de una persona dentro de ciertos limites,
dentro ode un lugar determinado.
Se le utiliza con los meses, años, estaciones, mañana, tarde, noche, despedida.
In the evening.
127
Please put it in written.

Please apply in writing.
In the long run = tarde o temprano.
In modern time.
What world do you live in?
Trade in = exchange.
In the long run = Al fin de cuentas.
Late in the week = A fines de semana.
In time = Before it is too late = A tiempo.
I haven’t finished my studies in accounting yet.
You sit in that chair, and I sit in this one.
Light in weight = de poco peso.
Just in case = Por si acaso.
Write in ink, not in pencil.
Go in person.
In the Sierra.
In my opinion.
In shirt sleeves. = en mangas de camisa.
In the meantime
In a nutshell
Down in the mouth = Deprimido.
The nail is in the wall.
The paper is in the box.
We are in July.
He’ll take his vacation in Summer.
In 1900 = In 19 hundred.
I’ll be there in a jiffy, = in a minute, = in a little while.
The teacher is in the classroom.
I am in my English class.
I always study in my room.
Chicago is in the United States.
The children are in the living room.
The fountainpen is in the drawer.
Is the secretary in her office? (Si el que pregunta esta dentro del edificio). Si he
is outside dirá is she at her office.
My friend Georges lives in Lima.
Her chair is in the corner.
Ms Aguilar isn’t in her seat now.
They work in the same building.
He always comes to class in his car.
You slammed the door in my face.
Do you want chilli in your food.
Did you study English in highschool or in College?
She is sitting in her front row now.
I live in Pueblo Libre.
I haven’t ever seen such a beautiful girl in all my day.
She has a small radio in her office.
128
She’s a cashier in a bank.

She lives in a very pretty house.
The sentences are in my book.
Write in your notebook.
Who’s in the stree?.
What do you have in your hand?
I studied a lot of history in high school.
She is in Course 3 this trimerster.
Yesterday we did all the exercises in unit 5.
There isn’t any ink in my pen.
Hand your papers in.
I had to stay in bed all day.
She looks nice in her black evening dress.
Did you meet anuybody in the park.
I see myself in the mirror.
Why dooon’t you look at yourself in the mirror?
Do oyou think there is any life in the moon?
I like to go swimming in Ancon.
How about going swimming with me?
What do you think about the news in the paper this morning.
He plays in a band (he has to follow the music patterns)
In a minute.
She striked her in the face.
He is in the doorway. She stood in the doorway.
In numbers or in words.
To replace in.
In preference = de preferencia.
In private = A solas, en privado.
In was the most important day in my life.
She is the most important girl in our class.
In installments = En mensualidades.
In profile = De perfil
Wait in line.
In the open air = al aire libre.
Everyone pitched in to prepare the meal.
On
En, sobre, en contacto con:
Se utiliza con los días de la semana, fechas específicas:
She put a spell on me.

I’ll be home on Christmas.
On time = according to the Schedule, con puntualidad. Ex. This class almost
always begins on time. (…a la hora).
129
Some friends are going to call on me tonight.

The picture is on the wall.
The sentences are on the blackboard.
We write on the blackboard.
The books and pencils are on the table.
I saw a nice program on TV.
On a commission.
Be careful on the stairs = Ten cuidado con las escaleras.
Though on second thoughts = aunque pensándolo mejor.
On the next day = Al dia siguiente.
On all fours = En 4 patas.
I put a mortage on my house,
We have no classes oon Saturday.
Our Independance day is on July 28th.
Congratulations on your wedding.
The sling is on the floor.
On behalf of your family (eg. In a card wedding).
I have 3 houses on my list.
He puts butter on his bread.
Somebody knocks on the door.
At present we don’t have it on store.
My office is on the 5th floor.
Call on the pone
Go on
Operated on
on the contrary
On vacation.
On the way.
They were on their way.
On the coast.
On the playground.
On the ranch, on the farm.
On the tree.
On purpose. I swear that she did that on purpose.
I swear on my mother
On the top of that = Y además de ello.
On earth.
They spitted him on the face.
From now on.
You saw that on tv.
On reverse.
She’s on her period
Are you in your period?
If anything does arise, you are on your own.
On end.
On you notebook.
On the train.
130
Mr. Lara usually goes to work on the bus.

Our lesson today is on page 14.
What grade did you get on the last test?.
It palls on me = Me empalaga, me aburre.
On credit = al crédito.
To be on a diet = Estar a dieta.
That had a great influence on me.
To have something on the tip of the tongue
To let out on bail = salir bajo fianza.
On one condition.
On with the show = que continue la función.
To have to concéntrate on this.
On the rocks.
On paper.
Let’s sit here on the grass.
Shame on you = Que vergüenza. Shame = que pena.
She plays on the gootball team. (se puede mover dentro del campo, free)
They declared was on France.
To be on guard = Estar alerta.
She walked on tiptoe.
We can have a fire on cold nights.
Do you think that there are people living on other planets?
To work in the plant seemed to go on wheels.
Whose book are you writig on?.
There are many stores on this Street.
Do you want jelly on your bread?
That jars no my nerves = Eso me pone los nervios de punta.
To close on the outside = Cerrar por afuera.
To be always on the jump = De aquí para allá.
I run on the treadmil to keep fit
What side are you on?
Go on a spree = Ir de juerga
To:
Tell him to his face
Put your eye to the keyhole.
To a man = todos a una (sin excepción).
Not to my knowledge = No que yo sepa.
Say it to my face!
From bad to worse.
Sentence to death, condemn of death, pain of death
German felt superior to everybody
Secretary to Mr. Stevens.
He is a member to the Board of Directors
Cheek to cheek (dance).
131
He was the first to discover.

Good to animals.
Polite to ladies.
Speak to the point = Vamos al grano.
He received a blow to his head
Of
Cancer of the throat
Smell of flowers
Of age = Mayor de edad. Under age = Menor de edad
Hard of hearing= medio sordo. Stone deaf
Man of the world = Hombre de mundo
The end of me = Mi última hora.
Plenty of time = Tiempo de sobra
Work of art = Obra de arte
I am tired of hearing about that
In the process of time = Con el transcurso del tiempo.
Pupil of the eye = Niña del ojo.
That is out of the question = Imposiible, ni pensar en ello.
A lump of sugar = Un terrón de azúcar.
Tiny fragment of Poquísimo
Way of leaving
I am thinking of you.
This is the work of the devil.
Fear of the dark = Miedo a la oscuridad.
She reeks of garlic = Apesta a ajos.
Rule of three = Regla de tres.
Doctor of Medicine = A physician.
At
Se utiliza para indicar la situación o presencia de una persona pero sin

presicion.
Se utiliza con la hora, el mediodía, la noche (despedida), medianoche.
En algunos casos indica cercanía (She is at/by thge chair = al costado, cerca).
Se utiliza tambiein con algunos verbos.
Point of reference
Mr. Allen is at the university

Nancy is at the movies.
I am at school now.
We are not at war.
132
At what time will you come?

Mr. Scott is at the park.
Who is at the blackboard.
The teacher is sitting at her desk now.
Mary is at home.
My mother sometimes fixes breakfast at home.
The teacher usually writes at her desk.
Do you use English at work?
Iran is at war.
What are you laughing at?
They threw rice at the bride?
Don’t call your friends at unproper hours.
The room was at the bottom of the house.
We had good seats at the concert last night.
Therre is going to be a party at the Harrises’ (house) next Saturday.
Pete teaches at San Marcos University.
She studies at the Institute.
Who is at the door?
The bus stops at the corner.
I want to see the picture at the Metro.
Meet me at the station.
You have to jump at the chance = tienes que aprovechar la oportunidad.
Do it at your leisure = Hágalo en sus ratos de ocio.
Are you at leisure?
I am at a disadvantage = Estoy en una situación desventajosa.
His future is at stake = tu futuro oesta en riesgo.
We estimiate the loss at USD 2000
She entered at that door = Entró por esa puerta.
At what Street do you usually take your bus?
Let me off at the next corner.
To be at the top of the classs.
Look at me.
Look at my mouth.
Don’t get mad at me.
At the beginning of June.
The teacher stands at the door.
At full speed.
At liberty
At the table.
At any time
At your risk
Love at first sight
In the morning, in the afternoon, at night Why? Because it is the natural

development of language.
133
Work
He works in a bank
He works at General Electric
We work at the same bank
They are in the same class.

She’s in this class.
XXXX is/are: at the market, at the park, at the blackboard, at the football game, at
the university, at the movies, at the institute, at the bank.
Our offices are in the same building
Mr. Clark is at the office.
The secretary is in her office now.
The nurse is at the hospital

Tom is in the hospital (internado)
The children are in the living room
The teacher is in the (her/his) classroom.
At = location, place of reference
She’s at the university
The sentences are on the blackboard
Arrive on time,
Arrive at =…the airport
Arrive at Callao.
RESTAURANT Foods
Chancaca = crushed.
Alfajor = Pastry sweet, or sandwich cookie.
Hope you are enjoying your seviche.(fresh raw fish)
Sliced octopus in olive = pulpo a la oliva.
Mineral water (effervescent/sparkling).
Gravy = Salsa de verduras, parecida en color a la salsa de Huancaína, Ocópa.
Gravy bowl.
A=I’ll order a pizza. B= Cool!
I really shouldn’t = (Respuesta a si te ofrecen un trago).
Coke? Sparkling (con gas) or still (sin gas)? (Still water = Agua mineral)
Seafood =
Diet Pep(sicola).
I am going to get another drink, do you want one?
I drink to that.
A diet coke.
Give me something without sugar.
Raspadilla = Ice con.
Fudge = un chocolate en un stick.
I’ll get you some punch.
This stuffing is good.
134
Parole = early release from prision.

I wanna a cold Pepsy.
This coffee is hot/cold/lukewarm.
May I have a glass of cold water?
Shortening = Manteca vegetal
Es para llevar (la comida, un sándwich, un alimento que te compras, etc…) = to
go.
Vennison = Carne de venado.
She gave me a big chunk of the cake (pedazo).
Delicatéssen = shop where you can find high-quality foods such as cheese,
imported meat… (Tienda especializada, de exquisiteces).
Ask for our sliced ham at the deli counter. Rotisería, charcutería= cerdo).
A shop that sells prepared food ready for serving.
What time’s (does) the restaurant open?
This is a historical night.
Paneton = Panettone Ingredients=
Natural leavenig = levadura natural.
Candied fruit = Fruta confitada.
Would you like some pop to drink?
Two bottles of pop (USA = soda) please.
Soda = Bebida gaseosa, transparente y sin alcohol.
Food court = Used when referring to a group of restaurants or fast food services
commonly found in malls.
Pretzel = galleta saldada.
A milkshake = un batido.
Picarones = Peruvian punkin donuts
Red wine = Vino tinto.
Where is my order? (in a restaurant).
I wanna buy a soda (room temperatura, not cold).
A.Would you like a soda? B.I’m good.
Cokes are shown on chillers.
At the supermarket you can find Cokes on the supermarket shelves. (or stands).
The express counter at the supermarket (la caja rápida= 2 or 3 items).
To go please = para llevar.
Liquors = Licorería.
Enjoy it! Los refrescos.
Me atoré = I got stuck. To prevent chocking (el atoro).
You ckoked on the chocolate.
Scrounge = Residuos en el comedor de una Universidad en USA.
ice lolly, lolly, lollipop (chupete) , popsicle (noun)
ice cream (helado de crema); or water ice (helado de agua) on a small wooden
stick
snow cone (en algunos sitios = italian ice) snow cone machine, shaved ice.
135
Primero se aprende el pitch, osea el tono es decir lo que afecta toda la oración,
luego el acento la silaba y después el phoneme. Como prueba escucha primero un
disco enla cuarta, quinta vez sin duda hemos aprendido el pitch, la melodía
podemos imitar.
Diccionarios: Para fortnight dicen quincena lo que esa mal porque fortnight es un
periodo de dos semanas (14 dias).
Nuestro cerebro esta adaptado a escuchar e interpretar cierto numero de
palabras7velocidad por minuto. Cuando colocamos un disco de 45 en 33 no lo
entendemos.
La posesión de sensaciones físicas o morales se conjugan con TO BE, ex:

I’m cold.
I’m in a hurry.
I’m under the impression.
They are chasing us.
Spread the word.
An attack of delirium tremens or blue devils.
Good luck charm. = Amuleto d buena suerte.
Muriendo eliminó al que tenia el poder de la muerte, al Diablo.
Mother/Father/home land.
I want to say something: I’ve forgotten. Chiste.
That music breaks my heart.
I am not an ordinary man, I’m a lettered and learnt man.

(Br).what do you call a …
Not how do you call a…
In England the do not have rompemuelles, They have rumble bars.
He grimmed from ear to ear. Sleeping policeman or speed bump.
For = a period of time.
Since = a point in time.
Few students = very few.
A few students = some students.
I feel well (health).

I feel good (happy).
I feel bad. OK
I feel badly (wrong)
I feel sich, unwell, ill.
Bend = con esfuerzo.
Fold = easy.
I have the feeling something good is heding my way.
To punch a card = marcar tarjeta.
School supplies = útiles escolares
Médium height = Altura median
Average weight = Peso mediano/promedio
What a pain = Que fastidio.
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/its tóp tup/ pronunciation of = It’s stopped up (Ej el caño esta atorado).
Drop down list = lista expandida.
Tutear = To address informally.
Photo holder or picture frame = Porta retrato.
Call for papers = Presentar trabajos / Llamado de los trabajos. Ej. fechas
importantes 1.Presentaciono de trabajos. 2.Aceptacion o rechazo. 3. Envio versión
final. 4. Confirmacion, etc…
A teacher is not a pantomimist./ ‘pæntəˌmaɪmɪst/ (an artista who make gestures

and body language to express something without words).
Very good job class! Now we are going to do…
Helping me in welcomiing Jhon to the stage.
Let’s give them a round of applause…
I invite the speaker to step forward to the pódium, or to come to the front of the
room and address the class…
Rhythm = ritmo
Cyst = quiste se pronuncia /sist/ She had a cyst removed from an ovary.
Have you ever seen a witch on a broomstick.
Happy birthday! And many more too!
I’m getting bold.
Fuck you all, Vayanse al diablo. Fuck you David.
How the fuck did you get my number?
I know you better than you know yourself.

(Do) we understand each other?
She is running a fever. Who is the doctor here?
You are uptight (cohibida) friends
Awave of cold weather is coming / a period of intense weather
He Works as a bouncer at a nightclub (portero, bravucon, seguridad, vigilancia).
Puede darse cuenta por la maneracomo la mira. The way he looks at her, a
woman can tell.
You shouldn’t wear your hair like that.
You said that already.
Tempporary leave = libertad provisional.
Intent = Premeditado.
I can’t say, it’s private.
I don’t know if this is a good idea.
Why didn’t anybody tell me?
Get back in the car.
Can you Harry? I’m in a rush.
What do you think you are doing?
How you’d feeling? Dizzy.
Four years and a bit (…y pico).
Do you have any make-up to cover that opening?
Fuck off.
137
Thanks for your concern. (…preocupación.)

Would you embroided for me? (…bordaría para mi?).
You bet it is. = Por su puesto.
She’s been married to Peter for 35 years. It looks like a life sentence.
God has very good connections.
You cannot live by love alone.
She was not very lucid after the accident (able to express clearly, clear reasoning)
How many books do you have on your kindle? /kíndle/
Why don’t you take the day-off?
You have to look inside yourself.
Partera comadrona = midwife
Mama de leche = wet nurse o nurse maid (si es la que te cría = nurse maid or
nanny).
Culicula
Bulletin boards = UIGV Murales 2018-2
He is looking at you Kid. = Te estoy miriando cariño.
Hoy 01.08.18 was sent to my mobile

You learn something new everyday, wonder what I will learn tomorrow.
How was your evening?
Take it easy = Cuídese.
“…Watch your thoughts,

They become your words,
Watch your words,
They become your actions,
Watch your actions,
They become your habits,
Watch your habits,
they become your character,
Whatch your character,
it becomes your destiny
And it all starts with your thoughts…”
Abc
Dfg
Cáramel Apple
King Kong ( a sweet) = galletas rellenas de manjarblanco, dulce de piña y maní.
Layers of cookie with Milk Caramel, Pineapple and Peanut fillings.
The Lord of Sipan.
Chancaca = dried cane syrup
Afrecho de camote = sweet potato bran.
Colorante natural = national dye. Hierro = Iron.
Keep it refrigerated = manténgalo en refrigeración.
Usage = how sth is used.
Use = the fact of sth being used.
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Utilization = The degree/frequency.
Internship = Practicante.
Member of the polling station = Miembro de mesa.
Chairman of a voting station / place / table.
Religious retreat = retiro

Parson = Párroco.
Parish = Parroquia
I had to resit my math exam.
I handed my assignment/essay in late.
I’ve finished my degree in law
Clases presencialers = In-class teacheing, or classroom classes

Clases virtuales = Online clases.
Bumber-to-bumper traffic
Clover leaf = Trebol
(Br) roundabout = Ovalo. (Am) Traffic circle.
Hair style
Ponytail = Cola de caballo
Braid = Trenza (Twisted braid). Puede ser de 1 braid o de dos trenzas o colas.
Bangs = Cerquillo ó flequillo.
Dreadlock = como sogas.
Barrete = A fastener for the hair.
Pigtails (2 colas, trenzas)
spiky
Vino seco = Dry wine.

Semiseco = Semi
High chair = Silla alta para bebe.
Sofa bed = Sofa cama.
Paint roller = Rodillo para pintar.
She was squatting on her haunches (…en cuclillas).
Let’s not get in politics
Conchudo = What a nerve / what a cheeky (Br)

How a cheeky you are = Que conchudo.
What a cheek = Que conchudez
He’s a cheeky sod (Br. Slang).
Christmas bonus = Gratificación de Navidad.
Cirrhósis
Goody goody = pure, naive, innocent.
139
I can’t remember what I was saying.

Start ups = emprendimientos (Produce – Minis.)
Milk the topic
Yikes ! = exclamation of surprise = A la mierda. or to show that you are worried, shocked.
Informal. Often for humorous effect.
I am just browsing, thank you. ( Window shopping) Solo estoy mirando, gracias.
Seaerch in google: English grammar cases – English grammar learn case nouns
09.10.18
He trod on the cockroach. Tread

Outlaw = Proscrito/desterrado Jesse James or Billy the Kid.
Hangnail = padrastro
What is your favorite kind of pop (Canada and south o USA / soda = ¿cuál es tu
gaseosa favorita?
Soda = carbonated soft drink
Where are you going for your holiday/s (both are OK).
Also correct = where are you going for your vacation?
Where are you going on holiday=OK
…on holidays= wrong.(That sounds unnatural).
Hapy Holidays = Happy X’mas.It may include New Year.
Hacer puente = We are going to have a long weekend. What are you doing for the
Holiday/for the long weekend? (vacation/holiday/dayoff – Mad English).
The weekend = Friday after work until Sunday evening.
Los 2 significan robar.
1.I was robbed. They stole my wallet. A robber/a robbery.

A robbery in the Street = un asalto en la calle.
You rob (someone, va cn la persona que es victima del robo o el sitio). a

person/place. Regular verb.
I think that man just robbed you.My house was robbed. (…alguienb entró a robar).
I was robbed at knifepoint last week.
He went to jail because he robbed 2 banks.
Voz pasiva:
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No sabes quine lo hizo.

The bank was robbed by men wearing masks.
Where is my wallet. I’ve been robbed.
2.You steal something. Va con el objeto robado. Irregular verb. (Aa thief)
They stole my wallet. What did they steal? They stole my wallet.
He stole me = muy mal dicho.
John stole my girlfriend = OK.
Voz pasiva: My bike was stolen last night.
Where is my wallet? It’s been stolen.
Con casa no se puede decir. My house was stole, porque significaría que alguien
se levanto toda la casa, la cargo y se la llevó.
3.Burgle (burgler)
My house was burgler
Mug (mugger) = rob violently

I was mugged this morning. Me asaltaron.
I was mugged on my way home.
Two men assaulted me while I was walking in the park.
Great dark circle under the eyes = hojeras

Or eye dark circles.
Eye bags.
Stop beating around the bush and get to the point.
Please give a big (not large) hand to…..E.g. John….

A big clap, or to give applause.
Please give a round of applause (= a period of applause, everybody claps perhaps
30 seconds or so) It shows your appreciation, excitement.
A big barn or a large barn both are correct.
A larlge Pepsi / A large French Fries. Se dice: small, medium, (large y not big)
What would you do if you lost your job? (hypothetical situation).
Could you open the door for me? Would you open the door for me = more polite.
When we were kids we would play outside all day long (would = used to); or when
I lived in London I used to drink soda every day.
Why is it the spiders are not get stuck in their own web?
Staff vs personnel. Staff personal de un Dpt. Bajo ordenes de alguien. Personnel
todos los empleados de una empresa incluyendo CEO, managers, etc…
Close vs shut (shut is completely, ex. Shut your mouth, shut the door i.e bien
cerrada, puede ser que la tiras.
141
Mosquito repéllent = repelente

Winner ganador. … and the winner is…
Wiener (como la uni.) salchicha
Whiner /wainer/ Ej. Brownie is a whiner. (…llorón).
University English language teacher – Dr. Dante Navarro
Bart D. Ehrman - Antonio Piñeiro

I’m going to go
Por que reniegas?
Estar de espaldas = I have my back to you. Ella duerme de espaldas = she sleeps
on her back.
The footage has been sent ( …filmación)..
I feel chills = me da escalofríos.
What doesn’t kill you makes you sronger.
Procurador = Attorney General of New Jersey. Representative.
Brainstorm = Propuesta de ideas, ideas sueltas. Ej. para darle nombre a un recién
nacido o un pet. We are going to habe a brainstorm regarding sales.
Can you swap pairs with each other.
No food or drink allowed.
García will be given a safe conduct if asylum is granted.
Achoo! Bess you! (or the old versión= God bless you). Origin in Europe was a
plague.
How are you? I am doing OK.

Al revés = Ej.un jersey. Your jersey is inside out.
Up side down. De cabeza. Al revés.
Back to front, ej. un cap.
Husky = nice way of saying fat to someone. (or bigboned). It is rude to call
someone fat.It would be like an insult, she will be hurt.
Obese means really fat.
Plus size (for women only).
I am going to get ripped/jacked/shredded.
I expected not less from you.
Like I said…
I don’t know who came up with this. No se a quien se le ocurrió.
What is it called?
I haven’t the time/money. It sounds antiquated / super formal / completely old for
an American English speaker.
Ma’am ojo es solo para old woman 60, 70 etc. Please don’t call a Young woman/
lady madam.
She has a great ass.
If you are not sure whether a phrasal is in/separable: always use a noun or phrase
and do not separate.
I’m getting a b it paunchy. He is paunchy (Br).
You know what, you should try it on. (… un vestido de novia).
John Wayne: You don’t like losing to me and I don’t like winning from you.
142
How are we going to round up the evening? (summary of events)

I’m all straighten up now. (= Ya inderecé mi vida ahora)
I have 10 years experience teaching OK, I have 10 years of experience… Wrong!

Come over to my place and hang out for a while (…a pasar un rato). Hanguear =
spanglish.
Perunismos:
Mañoso = obscene /obsín/
Great stave/Grand staff: When music on two staves is joined by a brace, or is

intended to be played at once by a single performer (usually a keyboard instrument
or harp), a grand staff (American English) or great stave (British English) is created.
Typically, the upper staff uses a treble clef and the lower staff has a bass clef.
El sistema de dos o más pentagramas, denominado Grand staff en inglés USA.
Para escribir la música de piano… se emplea un sistema de dos pentagramas que
se representan unidos con una llave. Lo anotado en el pentagrama superior,
normalmente en clave de sol, se tocará con la mano derecha; mientras que la
música del pentagrama inferior se toca con la mano izquierda y suele anotarse en
clave de fa.
Vantage = superiority.
Did you get laid in Vegas?
Are you on drugs?
What is more important: To be correct; or to sound natural?
I wish this day was over = lo que dicen.
I wish this day were over = lo gramaticalmente correcto.
Epiphany = Bajada de Reyes 6.Enero.
A big old red Peruvian wooden house.
Edad - color nacionalidad
Feeding bottle or (baby)bottle = biberon. Nipple = chupón.
A sippy cup for the baby.
I work at the bank.
I work in an office.
You look like you just rolled out of the bed.
You look drop dead georgeous.
What’s up? = Informal. You don’t say that to your professor, or on a serious
situation.
Siempre en contraccion, you don’t say What is up?

La respuesta es pore j. NOTR MUCH, or NOTHING MUCH.
What’s up en las peliculas lo abrevian wassup… or suap?

What’s happening?
What’s going on?
How have you been? (since the last time I saw you). Por ej. puede ser unos 6
meses que no se ven. I’ve been great thank you.
143
I’m doing all right thanks.
How’s work going?

How’s work been. It’s been great thank you.
No way = no puede ser.
Outpost = puesto de avanzada.
Blanks = balasen blanco.
You think you can manipulate me?
Casa de retiro = Retirement ouse

Guitar strap.
Sometimes you’re really a bitch (…pesada)
What do you do? = A que te dedicias?
Ej. I am a teacher, or I worok in education.
I run my own business, I run a restaurant. I am the owner of a restaurant.
I am the Director/Manager of the Sales Dpt.
How are you?

I am doing good = (more common)
I am doing well = olk technical right.
May I have a candy? More formal than Can I have a candy?

Chelfo esta pañabra no existe en los diccionarios españoles, parece un
peruanismos.En otros paises hispanos los llaman chimuelos y en youtube lo
traducen como toothless.
Sunny sideup egg = Con yema entera
Intern = trainee employee Internship = pasantía.
Shall is used when you are reading rules of something ex. In the swimming pool, or
if you go on the subway. You shall not spit in the pool. You shall not pee in the
pool, you shall not walk roung the pool., etc.
The governor of the feast, or master of the banquet = Mayordomo, el encargado,
maestresala… My own translation = Catador = Wine taster.
That teacher will replace me, she will be my substitute.
Thank you for waiting.
You’re acting like a total freak. /frik/
They’re here. = ya llegaron… (tus padres, etc).
A person/child/baby with the down’s syndrome is one who has the down
sundrome.
He suffers from the down syndrome.
People with Down syndrome should always be referred to as people first. Instead
of “a Down syndrome child,” it should be “a child with Down syndrome.” Also avoid
“Down's child” and describing the condition as “Down's,” as in, “He has Down's.”
Down syndrome is a condition or a syndrome, not a disease. El que descubrio el
syndrome fue un doctor ingles apellidado Down.
My niece has Down Syndrome and she is one of the joys of my life
144
My newphew is a big head. (cabezón).

She designs hats for large-headed ladies.
She is so pigheaded (terca).
Don’t drink too much sangria.
Nursing homes, also known as old people's homes,care homes, rest homes
A retirement home – sometimes called an old people's home or old age home,
although old people's home can also refer to a nursing home – is a multi-residence
housing facility intended for the elderly.
A retirement home differs from a nursing home primarily in the level of medical
care given. Retirement communities, unlike retirement homes, offer separate and
autonomous homes for residents.
Diferente a: spiritiual retreat houses.

Espresso ojo con la pronunciacion, no es con X.
Palabras elegantes:
What a moment of bliss. Ej. Comiendo un chocolate.

That’s inevitable.
A.Can you help me? B. Absolutely!
It’s a very tedious job.
This is very exquísite.
I was infatuated with learning English when I was younger.
She was infatuiated with Johnny.
I need to exfoliated my face.
Aaaa
SILENT LETTERS:
Iron
Sword
Receipt
Annuity (2 pronunciations: (Br)/iu/. or Am./u/) insurance = Seguro de Renta

Vitalicia.
Adrénaline is pumping through my body.
Investigiative reporter
AFP = Adminisitradoras de Fondo de Pensiones = Pension Fund Administrator.
Collective nouns:
The team is composed of 10 young men
145
The team are wearing new uniforms today.
I love to dance ( y sigue una razon, ej. Because I feel happy)

I love dancing (dancing se refiere a la actividad que haces unicamente, todos los
dias, o durante unperiodo…)
I like to drive (when I go home)

I like driving (la actividad)
Adrénaline is pumping through my body.

Investigative reporter.
.
English teacher or teacher of English (Both are correct).
English teacher is much more common, teacher of English no se escucha. En
teacher of English there is ambiguity, it can be.
a) English teacher = If you put the accent on the word "teacher", then it means
"a teacher from England." (his nationality, it can also omean a teacher who
is English)
b) English teacher = If you put the accent on the word "English", then it means
"a teacher who teaches English".
You won't often hear a native English speaker say "Teacher of English" except to
differentiate from a teacher of some other subject
Please step aside, I can’t see the board= prof. no me deja ver la pizarra.
Prof. su casa = Housewife? En las aplicaciones …
Would you just excuse me for a minute?

The idea of an adult colleage student asking
A teacher permission to go to othe toilet is bizarre. (Br).
In need to use the toilet.(Br).
Can I go to othe toilet. May I use your loo? (Br).
Referencne to bathroom or washroom would sound odd or even stupid. May I go to
the bathroom/washroom would be typical in Am. Eng. In Am. English the toilet is
the porcelain itself, not the room in which it is found. In a classroom in UK to ask a
teacher “Can I go to the restroom” would sound wird, but ok in Ame.Engl.
May I … (Ame.Engl.)
Ve Can I …?
Peru’s roasted pork = chancho al palo.

Chancho al palo = Pork in a barrel
146
Pachamanca is not an everyday dish, but an old ritual preparation. Festivity that
celebrates life and Mother Earth's fertility.
Its preparation involves a variety of Andes' daily ingredients (potatoes, sweet
potatoes, corn, field beans or cassava) and culinary luxury (pork, beef, mutton,
guinea pig, chicken, llama or alpaca).
Aromatic herbs are a must for flavorful cooking in the Peruvian highlands.
Huacatay, paico, chincho and muña may be good options in this case.
This traditional dish is based on the baking —with the aid of hot stones in an
earthen oven— of different types of meat marinated in spices.
When you got to go, you got to go (to piss).

My bbaby girl is becoming a woman.
I pinched my finger in the door.
If vs when
If we go, what are you going to do? (only a chance)
When we go, what are you going to do? (100% certainty).
A pair of = will always to things that are made of 2 parts. No pueden separarse. 2
cosas juntas. eg: shoes, lenses, earings, jeans, gloves, scissor, brown eyes.
I got my first pair of glasses here, a pair of pants.
Vs couple. You are a nice couple. A couple of hours (pueden ser mas de dos
horas). No es tan fijo pueden ser mas de dos.
En ingles se us las dos cosas.
Present Perfect:
1. Use – I have lived in Lima (fact, expression of life experience) ojo we
do not need When. (before present)
2. Use – Siempre con “for or since”.
I have lived in Lima for 10 years. Empieza en el pasado y continua
hasta el presente. Si dices I have live in Lima for 10 years significa
que todavia sigues vivieindo en esse sitio.
When we marry…
If we marry…
Now you are taking = así se habla.

147
Filet = /filei/
Ballet = /balei/
Bufet = /Bufei/
No hagas a otros lo que no quieres que hagan contigo =

“Do not do unto others what you would not want done to you(rself)”,
or “…what you do not want others to do to you”
snooze = pospuesto, ej. Un correo lo marcas snooze para mas tarde, 24 hrs, etc,
igualmente un reloj despertador, lo postpones para que suene mas tarde.
Starred = (mensajes destacados). Icono con el simbolo de una Estrella)
Clase magistral? = Lecture class en comparasion/contraste con un
seminar/workshop, etc donde los estudiantes si participan.
En Perú también podría significar una clase excelente. Excellent class.
All the situation is an absolute standstill (sin movimiento, paralizado).

The standstill on the road made me late for work.
Please stand still for the photo.
Time has stood still in my mother’s house.
Imperatives
I came across the phrase off you go which has been frequently used in many movies.
The meaning of “off you go” is somewhat difficult for an English language learner
for two reasons. First, off has many meanings; second, the word order is unusual.
Off in the context of this phrase means away, with a sense of definite separation.
You will also hear this sense of off in phrases about leaving or creating distance,
such as “walked off”, “drove off”, “chased off”, and “off with his head”.
The more conventional word order for the command would be “you go off” (or “go
off”), meaning “go away”, but the word order “off you go” is more idiomatic.
Bob, shut the door

You shut the door (it’s still an order)
Shut the door
If strong emotion is implied you should use the exclamatory mark at the end of the
command !
The subject of every command is (You), it is understood. El You no se usa, aunque

rara veces lo escuchas en los imperativos. You es el único pronombre en el
imperativo singular.
Cuando el Imperativo incluye al que esta hablando se usa Let’s.
Shut vs close the door
Shut comes from old English.
Close comes from French.
Shut = fully closed
Shut is less formal and less formal than close
Signs on shop doors allways say CLOSED not shut.
148
When I thing about it it gives me goose bumps. (…piel de gallina)
Which color do you like, blue or red? (selective, specific choice, limited), la
pregunta te da opciones tal or tal.
What color do you like? (general)

Identical tweens = gemelos; fraternal tweens= mellizos.
I have a corn (callus) on my big toe.

My dog hat a litter of 5 puppies.
Animal like dogs/cats have their offspring in all in one (camada).
This apple is tasteless = desabrida.
I‘m at peace /apís/ Estoy en paz.

I’m upset because my plans didn’t work out.
He has a chip on my shoulder because he never finished high school. Tener un

resentimiento. (i.e he feels something is missing).
En un salon: let’s start over here…
Who wants to read this paragraph?...
This is on the inside cover of your textbook. = …on la contratapa…
What a relief, we have finished the semester. Relief = noun

Take this pill it will relieve your headache. Relieve = verb
Ill = in Uk = a desease. Eg. She is ill in the hospital.

Sick = feel like vomiting. Seasick, car sick, airsick. It also means “bored.” I’m sick of
eating salad.
Some people make the difference depending on the time of the desease. Short
time would be sick while long time would be ill. He’s ill, he is going through cancer.
All the faith he had had had had no effect in the outcome of his life.
I weigh 130 pounds, and I am 5 feet 7 inches tall.

Peso 58 Kgs y mido 1.74 centimetros.
Cóllagen = colageno (a protein).
Codigo QR = codigo Quick Response.
Outlook – He has a positive outlook (perspectiva/panorama) on life.

Oven el horno comun de la casa vs furnace = el industrial.
The mirror was so high up that I had to stand on tiptoe to see myself.
You just went through a red light. The pasaste la luz roja.
149
We are here on earth to help others, what the others are here for, I HAVE NO
IDEA. (w.Jordan). (TED). 20.05.19
A juristic person or juridical person is a bearer of rights and duties that is not a
natural person but which is given legal personality by the law. A juristic person is a
company or firm for example.
Effective collaborator.
The diligence was carried out by the prosecutor.
Don’t interfere in the investigations.
Precautionary measures
This produced a great mobilization in the streets.
The situation is complicated.
Lima bar association = Colegio de Abogados de Lima CAL

Cloak = Capa vs cape = Capa

Capa es mas corta, en el cuello generalmente tiene un cordón.
Cloak es mas larga, en la antiguedad daba categoria a funcionarios, puede o no
tener capucha. (ver google imagines).
Tunic vs robe
Tunic (obsolete)
Robe = Tunica, manta, bata, sotana, toga.
"Robes" is used if it is an official garment or designates an office. For instance, a
judge wears his "(judicial) robes" even though it is only one piece of clothing that
goes over his conventional clothing.
A "robe" is usually short for "bathrobe" (bata de baño) even though it is not
necessarily worn before or after a bath. We wear it in the house, over pajamas, to
lounge around, but not to go out.
Cap and gown = at graduation

Gown = dressing gown = Bata
Ultras = Football hooligans 0 Barras bravas.

Friaje = Intense frost
Money laudering
Backus brewery.
150
Gestapo stopped him but he resisted with stoicism.

My nerves are about to burst.
“U”Club. Nickname = cream.
Lima Alliance Club (The white and blues, the intimates).
The paratroopers = los paracaidistas.
Jump into the water front the diving board.
Trámpolin (us) vs trampolín (Br).
Few / many = cosas que se pueden contar.

Little /much = cosas que se pueden pesar.
Something went wrong everyday. (…todos los dias).

Something went wrong each day. (…cada uno de los dias..
Cuando son dos cosas, (ambos) se usan each. Ej. Each leg was aching.
There are two boys, each is smiling.
Each player played well
I have read evert book in the library. Every is for a large number.
I have read each book in the library.
Everytime/each time I speak English I feel nervous.
Study each idiom carfully.

Study every idiom. O-o-o-o-o-o- (individually).
Every idiom is interesting. Every = all, the whole grupe
The store is open (open en este caso es un adjetivo, una cualidad de la tienda).
El ej. anterior es con el verbo to-be; pero podriía ser con otro verbo. Ej. If you see
an open window, please close it. (open delante de un sustantivo tiene la funcion de
un adjetivo).
Lo mismo ocurre con close.
Asimismo, ambos open and close pueden funcionar como verbos y por lo tanto
como participios, es decir a la accion de abrir o cerrar.
I opened the door.
“…I veer of the road to miss her (para evitar chancarla/atropellarla) and I hit your
house…”
I swerved to avoid hitting the dog”
Carrots can not talk, they just repeat or imitate human voice. Do they speak or
talk? Neither of them.
151
A juristic person or juridical person is a bearer of rights and duties that is not a
natural person but which is given legal personality by the law. A juristic person is a
company or firm for example.

If vs when
If we go, what are you going to do? (only a chance)
When we go, what are you going to do? (100% certainty).
A pair of = will always to things that are made of 2 parts. No pueden separarse
. 2 cosas juntas. eg: shoes, lenses, earings, jeans, gloves, scissor, brown eyes.
I got my first pair of glasses here, a pair of pants.
Vs couple. You are a nice couple. A couple of hours (pueden ser mas de dos
horas). No es tan fijo pueden ser mas de dos.
En ingles se us las dos cosas.
Present Perfect:
3. Use – I have lived in Lima (fact, expression of life experience) ojo we
do not need When. (before present)
4. Use – Siempre con “for or since”.
I have lived in Lima for 10 years. Empieza en el pasado y continua
hasta el presente. Si dices I have live in Lima for 10 years significa
que todavia sigues vivieindo en esse sitio.
When we marry…
If we marry…
Now you are taking = así se habla.
Filet = /filei/
Ballet = /balei/
Bufet = /Bufei/
No hagas a otros lo que no quieres que hagan contigo =

“Do not do unto others what you would not want done to you(rself)”,
or “…what you do not want others to do to you”
snooze = pospuesto, ej. Un correo lo marcas snooze para mas tarde, 24 hrs, etc,
igualmente un reloj despertador, lo postpones para que suene mas tarde.
152
Starred = (mensajes destacados). Icono con el simbolo de una Estrella)

Clase magistral? = Lecture class en comparasion/contraste con un
seminar/workshop, etc donde los estudiantes si participan.
En Perú también podría significar una clase excelente. Excellent class.
All the situation is an absolute standstill (sin movimiento, paralizado).

The standstill on the road made me late for work.
Please stand still for the photo.
Time has stood still in my mother’s house.
Imperatives
I came across the phrase off you go which has been frequently used in many movies.
The meaning of “off you go” is somewhat difficult for an English language learner
for two reasons. First, off has many meanings; second, the word order is unusual.
Off in the context of this phrase means away, with a sense of definite separation.
You will also hear this sense of off in phrases about leaving or creating distance,
such as “walked off”, “drove off”, “chased off”, and “off with his head”.
The more conventional word order for the command would be “you go off” (or “go
off”), meaning “go away”, but the word order “off you go” is more idiomatic.
Bob, shut the door

You shut the door (it’s still an order)
Shut the door
If strong emotion is implied you should use the exclamatory mark at the end of the
command !
The subject of every command is (You), it is understood. El You no se usa, aunque

rara veces lo escuchas en los imperativos. You es el único pronombre en el
imperativo singular.
Cuando el Imperativo incluye al que esta hablando se usa Let’s.
Shut vs close the door
Shut comes from old English.
Close comes from French.
Shut = fully closed
Shut is less formal and less formal than close
Signs on shop doors allways say CLOSED not shut.
When I thing about it it gives me goose bumps. (…piel de gallina)
Which color do you like, blue or red? (selective, specific choice, limited), la
pregunta te da opciones tal or tal.
What color do you like? (general)

Identical tweens = gemelos; fraternal tweens= mellizos.
I have a corn (callus) on my big toe.

153
My dog hat a litter of 5 puppies.

Animal like dogs/cats have their offspring in all in one (camada).
This apple is tasteless = desabrida.
I‘m at peace /apís/ Estoy en paz.

I’m upset because my plans didn’t work out.
He has a chip on my shoulder because he never finished high school. Tener un

resentimiento. (i.e he feels something is missing).
En un salon: let’s start over here…
Who wants to read this paragraph?...
This is on the inside cover of your textbook. = …on la contratapa…
What a relief, we have finished the semester. Relief = noun

Take this pill it will relieve your headache. Relieve = verb
Ill = in Uk = a desease. Eg. She is ill in the hospital.

Sick = feel like vomiting. Seasick, car sick, airsick. It also means “bored.” I’m sick of
eating salad.
Some people make the difference depending on the time of the desease. Short
time would be sick while long time would be ill. He’s ill, he is going through cancer.
All the faith he had had had had no effect in the outcome of his life.
Electric refers to anything that runs on electricity. It is used when the object has
been specified. i.e. An electric kettle, Electric guitar, electric car, electric cooker,
electric blanket, electric light (you can touch electric things).
Electrical refers to something related to electricity i.e. electrical faults, electrical

component. Never touch electrical thing they can kill you. Electrical equipment,
electrical shock, electrical wiring, electrical fuse…(wires, switches…)
"Electrical" is used in a more general sense, i.e. Electrical engineer.(concerned
mainly with the large-scale production and distribution of electrical power) while
electronics engineers on smaller electronic circuits.
He is growing a beird.
He wears a beard.
Scanning for specific information (quicly reading a text to pick out specific info.).
Skimming for general information ( idem…to get general info.).
Don’t be taken in by his words = No te dejes engañar por sus palabras.

I am going bald = quedando calvo.
Wheeled school bag or backpack. (Rucksuck, para aeropuerto).
School lunch box = lonchera
Braidal/braidsmaid Lucheon Comida/despedida novia (son con mesas circulares,
cubiertos, corbata…)
154
Character key words. Open quote vs apostrophy, (single) quotation marks.

El acednto que usamos en español esta junto a la tecla P, debajo del caret y el
closing braket.
Dive board vs (diving board = B.Eng).
Stative verb vs action verbs which condition is to continue over a period of time.
He is not good. Flunk him.

I thought I was going to flunk, but I got an “A”.
Food = General word, it refers to anything to can eat.

Dish = Type of food. My favourite dish is “Ceviche”.
Meal = Occasion or time when you eat. Breakfast, lunch, dinner.
Collective nouns: they take singular verb in Am. Eng.

The band/tem is/are playing today.
Collective = things taken as a whole. We use collective nouns to refer to a group of
individuals.
Manejando a la contra
A two way street = calle de doble sentido.
Protactor – Triangle ruler – T-square compass.
Casarse por la iglesia = to have a church wedding.

“ “ “ civil = to have a registry-office wedding.
Carry-on-luggage = equipage acompañado, de mano.

Luggage carousel o r conveyor belt.
Wheeled backpack
Trolley – hangar – control tower
Baggage scanner
Luggage metal detector.
Airport pax lounge
Ring binder = lo que llamamos pioneer. File holder = file de palanca

School bag or satchel
Tuxido = Traje de novio.
Football header – corner kick

Trow-in
Honor roll = el tercio superior
Thermos
Pencil
Lunch box = lonchera
155
Casimiro Morcillo Arsobispo de Madrid neocatecumenado.

Water colors = palette
Marker – highlighter
Notepad = lo que llamabamos block
Clipboard = en la cama de las clinicas.
Gradebook report = calificaciones
Undergraduate student = Estudiante de pregrado.

Graduate student = Estsudiante de postgrado.
Hallway = pasadizo de la Universidad.
Teachers lounge = Sala de Profesores.
Thevolume on the TV was too loud.
Felt-tip pen = plumón de tinta delgada.
A paper = A piece of writing
Result of a deep study
Project paper of semester paroject.
A quiz is a short test that does not have much impact on your grading.
Thesis is a project that marks the end of a Master Degree.
Jelly sandwich
Originated in USA = Baseball game, basket ball game, American football game,
soccer game.
Gasme is to gamble ( a playful activity).
It’s just a game.
Olympic games.
UK match = golf, cricket, boxing, tennis, football…

A match = a real important competition. (match is to be correspond, to be equal).
A match is an event between a given of 2 or more competitors in which one or
more games are played.
Shop vs store
In B. Eng. Store is a larger establishment.
Depoartment store is a number of shops in on setting.
Am.Eng. shop = Small place that sells only one type of goods. (Retail goods of a
single kind). In UK you say “I often go to the shop”, never “I go to the stores”
In USA “I am going to the store” never plural stores
If you say I am going to the stores means = I am going shopping.
You have to fill out the paperwork.

Good to hear from you.
Please come down to our office.
Waiter = mozo.
A: Is this Robert Garcia? B: yes, this is Robert.

Dressing = Aderezo.
Playground = Patio de Recreo
156
Slide, monkey bars, seasaw, swing, hop scotch(mundo), sandbox, single gym,
tramploline…
I love being corny = me encanta ser cursi/huachafo. Happy hump day coworkers.
A corny card = una tarjeta huachafa.
Hop = en un pie ej. Hoposcotch. Jump on one foot.

Skip = saltar con las piernas juntas, o una por una.
Jump = las dos. Technically the two feet moving in different direction.
To play the Leap frog
If you do a hop, a skip and a jump = you do not travel very far.
Reduplicatives: There are three types:

Repeating reduplicatives
Rhyming reduplicatives.
Vowel change eduplicatives.
Ding dong = the sound of a bell

Hip hop = Type of music.
Ping pong = Tble tennis
Zig zag = sharp turn in altering directions.
Easy-peasy = very easy.
Mumbo-jumbo = Derogatory (despectivo) to a religious ritual.
Hunky panky = suspicious behaviour.
Itsy-bitsy = tiny.
Okey-dokey = OK.
Willy-nilly = weather it’s wanted or not.
Boogie-woogie = piano jazz style.
Repeatnig reduplicatives:
Aye-aye = yes (often used by seaman).
Bon-bon = a sweat.
Bye-bye = Goodby.
Goody-goody = someone virtuous or smug. Bonacho (de Bueno aunque en
castellano tiene un significiiado positive no como en el ingles). Someone who is
always trying to please people too much…
Papa = father
Paw-paw = patata (type of papaya).
Amusement park:
Merry-go-round
Roller coaster
Bumper car.
Ferris wheel = Sillas voladoras
Throw a Frisbee.
157
Skateboard = I travel to my work on my saketboard. Ride on a skate board.

Inline skate
Roller skate.
Skateboarding
Skateboard. (verb) We used to skateboard a mile.
AT the court vocabulary, ojo ver videos imagines. (excellent sites).

Lawyer = general term. El abogado que asesora.
Attorney at law el que tiene la practica y la ejerce en la barra o tribunal. He oases
the bar exam.
In UK barrister vs solicitor solo el que asesora y no esta en la barra.
Bar (baranda) = it is the line that separates the parts of a courtroom reserved for
spectators and those reserved for participants in a trial such as lawyers.
Bar is also carcel = He behind the bars.
Azotea = Rooftop
Grilling vs broiling (eg.meat).

Broiling= direct heat from oven (iniside cooking).
Grilling = outside cooking with a grill.
Kebáb = Anticucho (pero de stak) Piaces of meat put on a wooden rod.
I am going to the shops (I am in the process).

I am going to go to the shops (at some point in the future).
Let’s go to see a movie. 11.06.19 means that you will go to the movie theater and
watch a movie. When you are actually sitting there you are watching the movie.
Resort = alojamiento, complejo turistico, centro de vacaciones e.g.: “Westin, Hotels
& Resorts”
When look has an object, it is followed by “at” e.g look at the rain.It’s so heavy.
Tupperware (trade name) Taper (mal escrito)

En UK se dice: “plastic container”
Have old use, ahora solo ha quedado en Br.Eng. en expressions such as

Have you no idea what time it is!, or
Have you no shame! Have you no manners! (exclamartory).
I haven’t the faiintist idea of what you are taling about.
Have got se usa solo en el presente, no en el pasado o en el future.
158
Do you have any children? Era la idea de rutina.

New Generation, English Vocabulary

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1

Corruption tv on line Peru english

17 Oct.2016 New Generation

Landline telephone or home telephone = teléfono fijo.

That sounds irrational.

“Do you Roxi take this man Dante

We’ll make him an offer he can’t refuse (The god father)

Take your marks (a sus marcas)

Treat me like a grown up.

She has a past.

Sweetheart honey Darling dear…

Conscious is not stored in the brain.

Everything happens for a reason.

They won’t get far.

He’s the jark from television.

TRANSITIVE (requires an object) INTRANSITIVE

John said: “Hallo” to his mother.

Passive is only with direct objects.

To know the grammatical categories helps a lot: Ex.

A family man lives clean.

She invited me to her (dressing room=camerino).

You are putting words in my mouth now.

Would you like some extra coffee? That would be lovely.

Here is the cape, all safe and sound.

Attention campers = Veraneantes

Migraine = jaqueca, 2 pronunciations.

Vocabulary taken from Latin

Job= puesto empleo I am looking for a Work=Tareas I have a lot of work

Journey is more general. others say diary only for what

Career Profession is a paid occupation

You tube: Vowel phonetic chart

Difficult words pronunciation lesson.

Lo mismo para what do you do, se pronuncia /wa da/ you do

I feel absolutely desperate (wrong si le agregas la ‘d’: absolutedly)

Palabra que termínan en -----o.

Palabras con una ‘s’ en medio viene del alemán

Introduction to teaching pronunciation Workshop Adrian Underhill

Los sonidos en color—no suenan

Palabras nomalmente mal pronunciadas:

A sadist (en 12 angry men) /e/

‘e’ at the end of the words does not sound, except

She’s in her seat now

The teacher is at her desk now

The car is in the corner

Semimonthly instalments = quincenalmente

In law, a class action, a class suit, or a representative action is a form of

Seety un hombre a su esposa.

They were delirious.

Floppy disc = disco suave

Pozo a tierra = Grounding system; earthing system

He wore a patch over his right eye.

Con band-aid ej. She put/had a band-aid on her arm.

What is your response?

Actualmente se diría: the Lady has come to visit you

He scored a hat trick = metió un gol de cabeza (Pizarro)

. PHONETIC DESCRIPTION OF THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH CONSONANTS.

. Final: all verbs in gerund, i.e: playing, eating.

Note: /w/ is silent in the cluster <sw> in some words: sword

We can call it a ‘one-tap r´ in English.

11) Discrimination exercises: decide between 1 and 2 as you hear.

Assimilation 6 /di / This should... /di ud.../

What is this thing called, love?

Despropósito = Dicho o hecho fuera de la razón (Disparate)