Technological University of the Philippines - Taguig Campus

Km. 14 East Service Road, Western Bicutan, Taguig City

TE 52S
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

PROJECT #4

Submitted by:
John Peter L. Garay
and
Eleuterio B. Camitoc III
BSCE3-LDP

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert Lucena
Professor
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction
II. Formation of Local Stiffness Matrix
- Formation of Rotation Matrix
- Formation of Gamma Matrix
III. Formation of Global Stiffness Matrix
IV. Earthquake Loads Analysis
V. Computation of Displacements
VI. Computation of the Reactions
 I. INTRODUCTION

This project is mainly focuses on a structural members of a 3D structure which are beams and
columns where lateral loads, torsion, and beam bent or external forces are present and we should
compute for the values of displacements on each node, and the reaction. To start the project, we
must need to make first a visual figure of the given structure so that we can easily identify the
forces acting on it. This time it has an application of seismic loads with an analysis conforms to
the NSCP 2015.

Figure 1: A sample figure of the given structure.

The sample figure above is a five-storey structure with horizontal members or beams and vertical
members or columns with a total of 162 structural members which will be needed to compute
and analyze using a matrix analysis.
 II. FORMATION OF LOCAL STIFFNESS MATRIX

The formation of the local stiffness matrix per member of the structure comes from the
bisymmetrical framework element stiffness matrix and can be solved with variables listed below:

Figure 2: Needed variables to assemble the local stiffness matrix

Those are some of the things we need to assemble the local stiffness matrix. The photo below is
the complete bisymmetrical framework element stiffness matrix:

Figure 3: Bisymmetrical framework element stiffness matrix

By that, you can now compute and assemble for the local stiffness matrix on each member. This
is a 12 x 12 matrix. This matrix will be your matrix [k’].

COMPUTATION AND FORMATION OF ROTATION MATRIX

The formation of the rotation matrix needed some variables including these:

After determining the vectors, compute for the direction cosines using this formulas:
You can now proceed to the formation of rotation matrix that will be used for the gamma matrix.

For the horizontal members:

For vertical members:

FORMATION OF GAMMA MATRIX

After the computation of rotation matrix, we can now assemble the gamma matrix with the
following format.
By that we can now proceed for the assembling of the local stiffness matrix [k].

Representation of computation of matrices for the local stiffness matrix [k]

GAMMA
GAMMA
[k] [k’] MATRIX
MATRIX
TRANSFOR
M

III. EARTHQUAKE LOADS ANALYSIS

Steps on determining the earthquake loads conforms to the NSCP 2015

1. Determine the Seismic Importance Factor, I

2. Determine the Soil Profile Type

3. Determine the Seismic Zone Factor, Z

4. Determine Seismic Source Type

5. Determine Near-Source Factor

6. Determine Seismic Response Coefficients

7. Determine Elastic Fundamental Period of Vibration, T

8. Determine weight and height of each floor

9. Determine R
10. Determine Base Shear, V

11. Determine Shear per floor

 IV. FORMATION OF GLOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX

One of the hardest part and it can consume more time on this project is the assembling of the
global stiffness matrix. The global stiffness matrix is just a combination of the entire local
stiffness matrix on each member that we computed (shown on my computations spread sheets)
where we need to be careful on putting values onto the matrix.

Figure 4: Global stiffness matrix from my Microsoft Excel spread sheet

V. COMPUTATION OF DISPLACEMENT ON NODES

Now, I will tackle on how I’ve computed the displacement on each node using the global
stiffness matrix and the Microsoft Excel. First, we need to rearrange the global stiffness matrix. I
omitted all of the out-of-plane shear and bending forces. After that, we need to identify the forces
that have a displacement. Rearranged the global stiffness matrix with four parts which are the
Kff, Ksf, Kfs, and Kss. The Kff part of the rearranged matrix is the one we need to solve for the
displacement on the nodes.
 Kff Kfs
Ksf Kss
Figure 5: A representation of a rearranged global stiffness matrix

After the rearrangement of the global stiffness matrix, we now have the Kff which we need to
solve the displacement on nodes. In order to solve for that, we need to get the inverse of the Kff
matrix. Using a Microsoft Excel, just use the MINVERSE function to get the inverse of it.

By using another function on Microsoft Excel, we should use the MMULT to multiply the
inverse of the Kff on the forces acting on nodes.

{=MMULT(I7:K9,A9:K10)}

{=MINVERSE(I7:K9)}
Figure 6: Examples of the functions used in Microsoft Excel
Representation of computation of displacement:

EXTERNAL
EARTHQUA
FORCES/ FORCES
KE LOADS
FEM

INVERSE
FORCES DISPLACEMENT
KFF
 VI. COMPUTATION OF THE REACTIONS

In order to compute for the reaction, we need to go back once again on the rearranged global
stiffness matrix. Earlier, we used the Kff part of it to compute for the displacements. Now, we
will use the Ksf part of it in order to obtain the reactions on each support and nodes.

Using once again the MMULT function in the Microsoft Excel to multiply the Ksf into the
obtained displacement.

{=MMULT(I7:K9,A9:K10)}
Figure 10: Examples of the functions used in Microsoft Excel

Representation of computation of reactions:

DISPLACEME INITIAL
KSF
NT REACTIONS

INITIAL FINAL
FEM
REACTIONS REACTIONS