PHILOSOHICAL THOUGHTS/DOCTORINES VIS-AVIS EDUCATION

Goal of Role of Role of Teaching Subjects

Education Students Teacher Methods Studied
Existentialism Develop authentic Develop Encourage studentsDiscussion and Drama
individualism who independence, to philosophize
analysis, Art
exercise freedom of self-discipline, set about life and to examination of Literature
choices and take challenges and recognize and fulfill
choice-making in Social Science
responsibility for solve problems personal freedom. own and others’ History
their actions lives
Marxism Shape people and Live and work Lead and advocate Scientific Emphasis on
institutions; change harmoniously change methodology, science and
material conditions with others, practical activity history
of society, producing acquire and use (problem solving)
classless society knowledge that
will enable them
to transform
natural and social
world.
Behaviorism Engineer Respond to Manipulate the Programmed Learning tasks in
environments that environmental learning instruction that which behavior
efficiently maximize and behavioral environment and provides feedback can be directly
learning. stimuli: become present stimuli, on performance observed,
self-regulated. using conditioning behavioral measured, and
and social learning contracts evaluated.
to shape student reinforcement.
behavior.
Cognitivism Develop thinking Construct Stimulate cognitive Use of Integrated
skills for lifelong self- meaningful development; manipulatives curricula;
directed learning. knowledge mediate student and real-life emphasis on
through learning and learning thinking and
experience and monitor thought opportunities critical thinking
interaction. processes. relevant to skills, study
students prior skills, and
experiences. problem solving
skills.
Pragmatism Develop and apply Active learning
Teach inductive and Hand-on Emphasis on
practical knowledge and participation.
deductive curricula; group citizenship,
and skills for life in a reasoning, the work; knowledge and
progressive scientific method, experimental. skills applicable
democratic society. and the powers of to daily life, and
observation and career or job
practice. preparation.
Perennialism Acquisition of Receive Guide to the Teacher-centered Emphasis on
timeless principles of knowledge and classics; teach basic direct instruction Great Books and
reality, truth, and academic skills. skills. core curricula in
value; learning for the arts and
the sake of learning. sciences.
Essentialism Acquisition of Receive Deliver a standard Subject-centered Uniform
culture; cultural knowledge; curriculum. direct instruction curriculum for
literacy for personal demonstrate all students that
benefit. minimum emphasizes the
competencies. essence of
traditional
cunture
 DEFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES AS APPLIED IN EDUCATION
Philosophies Idealism Realism Humanism Pragmatism Reconstruction Existentialism Democracy

1. Aims of Development Development Culture Individual Social Philosophical Welfare of

Education of mind & of mind & bod balance growth thru awareness analysis of the
body thru the sense physical and processes, reforms & human individual &
& reason Mental experience construct of a experience, society
growth & construct new society. life, love &
of a new death
society
2. Nature of Subject Subject Individual & Child & Child, subject Child & Child &
Curriculum matter- matter- society – process – &human subject society-
centered centered centered centered reaction- matter- centered
centered centered
3. Role/ Dispenser of Initiator & Dispenser of Facilitator/ Aware of Facilitator, Facilitator,
character of knowledge/ facilitator/ knowledge, dynamic dominant moderator, liberal, open-
teacher active, practical, facilitator/ good social values, consultant, minded,
imposing, organizer, tradition classroom issue & adviser provides for
serious, strict authoritarian when manager problems, goal individual
emphasizing Result & &future differences.
values process- oriented
oriented
4. Role/ Receives Discover of Discover of Problem- Organizer, Curious, Free- seekers
character of knowledge, knowledge knowledge Solvers, lead, future & assertive of
learning passive, thru sensation thru the arts observe the goal- oriented, inquiry, knowledge,
dependent & abstraction, & literature scientific, socially aware expressive inquisitive,
good at method, & responsible articulate, adventurous,
classifying & curious personally & indencent.
sorting critical socially
objects based result & aware
on the process-
characteristics oriented

DEFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES AS APPLIED IN EDUCATION

Philosophies Idealism Realism Humanism Pragmatism Reconstruction Existentialism Democracy

5. Method Lecture Grouping or Traditional, Scientific Group Group Group

of teaching deductive classifying lecture method & activities & dynamics dynamics
method objects method, experimental dynamics
appreciation
of the arts
6. Nature of Traditional, Traditional Artistic with Flexible, rich Modern, Democratic/
Classroom rigid, but with plenty of in needs-based liberal
inflexible little reading opportunities
flexibility in material for students
the to experience
arrangement what they’re
of seats learning
7. Source of Books Objects, Working of Challenging Social, issues, Books, Books,
Knowing nature arts and experience problems and experience, environment,
theology current issues society, experience,
environment society
current issues
8. Plato, Aquinas, Dewey, Brameld, Sartre,
Proponents Froebel, Aristotle, James, Pierce James, Pierce Marcel,
Herbert, Broudy, Mowes,
Buther, Martin, Soderquist
Hegel, Pestalozzi
Berkeley
9. Values, Use of realia Humanities Learning by Politics and The use of Social
Influences GMRC as a course, experience social work group sciences,
on the arts, dynamics anthropology,
Present architecture, sociology
Educational painting
System