GROUP 2

V4A – BSEE
MEMBERS:
1. Marie Lianne Glo Ilaida
2. Ivygeil Nicole Inoceno
3. Joven Joseph Lazaro
4. Aira Shayne Lingao
5. Angus Alexis Magpantay
6. Adrian Jesse Malaluan
7. Samantha Malaluan
8. Chris Warren Manalo
9. Joshua James Marasigan
10. Reiner Christian Marquinez
11. Kiela Moren Mendoza
12. Camila Paco
13. Jamila Paco
14. Jeremiah Palo
15. Jandi Quijano
16. Ma. Eunice Razo
17. Christian Paul Saldana
18. Joshua Ephraim Umali
19. Romgerick Urrea
20. Angelo Lois Valencia
21. John Alexis Valencia
22. Fatima Coleen Vergara
23. Sean Travis Villanueva
 BUOYANCY PROBLEMS

1. Weight of an object in air is 100 N. The object is placed in a liquid. Increase in volume
of liquid is 1.5 m3. If specific weight of the liquid is 10 N/m3, what is the weight of
the object in liquid.
GIVEN:
Object’s weight in air (w) = 100 Newton
Increase in volume of liquid = volume of the object in liquid (V) = 1.5 m3
Specific weight of the liquid = 10 N/m3
REQUIRED : Object’s weight in liquid
SOLUTION:
Object’s weight in liquid = object’s weight in air – buoyant force
Object’s weight in liquid = 100 Newton – buoyant force
FA = ρ g V
FA = buoyant force = the force exerted by the liquids on the object in water
Specific weight of liquid = 10 N/m3
w / V = 10 N/m3
m g / V = 10 N/m3
m (10) / V = 10 N/m3
m / V = 1 kg/m3
ρ = 1 kg/m3
The density of liquid is 1 kg/m3
The magnitude of buoyant force :
FA = ρ g V = (1 kg/m3)(10 m/s2)(1.5 m3) = 15 kg m/s2 = 15 Newton

Object’s weight in fluid = 100 Newton – 15 Newton

Object’s weight in fluid = 85 Newton
2. A ship sailing in the sea enters a wide and deep river. The density of seawater is 1100 kg/m3,
the density of river water is 1000 kg/m3. Determine comparison of the volume of the object is in
seawater and in river water.
GIVEN:
Density of seawater (ρ1) = 1100 kg/m3
Density of river water (ρ2) = 1000 kg/m3
REQUIRED:
Comparison of the volume of the object is in seawater and in river water.
SOLUTION:
If the object is floating then buoyant force (FB) = weight (w):
Vseawater : Vriverwater
(pobject / pseawater) x Vobject : (pobject / priverwater) x Vobject
(1 / pseawater) : (1 / priverwater)
1 / 1100 : 1 / 1000
1 / 11 : 1 / 10
10 : 11
3. A Cargo ship has a mass of 100,000 kg. What volume of fresh water (1025 kg/m3) will the
ship displace?

Solution:
100,000 [kg] / 1,025 [kg/m3 ] = 97.56 m3
4. A piece of equipment weighs 300 pounds on dry land. When the equipment is fully
submerged in water the equipment weighs only 65 pounds. What is the volume of the
equipment?
CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF WATER DISPLACED
FB = W AIR - W SUBMERGED
FB = 300LBS -65LBS = 235 LBS
CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF THE WATER DISPLACED
V= WEIGHT/P
V= 235/62.4 = 3.77 CUBIC FEET
THE VOLUME IS 3.77 CUBIC FEET
5. The weight of a certain crown in air was found to be 14.0N and its weight in water, 12.7 N.
Was it gold (s.g. = 19.3)?

GIVEN:
WEIGHT = 14.0N
WEIGHT IN WATER = 12.7N

SOLUTION:

Fb = 14.0 – 12.7 = 1.3 N;

Vdisplaced = Vcrown = 1.3 / [(9.79)(1000)]
Vdisplaced = Vcrown = 0.0001328 m3

Ycrown = 14.0/ 0.0001328 m3

Ycrown = 105 442 N/m3 or 105. 4 kN/ m3

s.g. crown = 105.4 / 9.79

s.g. crown = 10.77

It is not gold.
6. An anchor of mass 100 kg and volume 4.0 x 10−2 m3 is resting on the bottom of a lake, with
a rope of negligible mass attached to it. What force must be exerted on the rope to lift the
anchor when it is totally submerged.
Solution:
The actual force of gravity acting on the anchor is always:
Fg= mg
=(100 kg) (9.8 N/kg)
Fg = 9.8 x 102 N
When totally submerged the buoyant force on the anchor is:
Fb= ρgV
= (1.0 x 103 kg/ m3)(9.8 N/kg)(4.0 x 10−2 m)
Fb = 3.9 x 102 N
Force required to lift the anchor is F1 where:
F1 + Fb = Fg
F1 = Fg - Fb
= 9.8 x 102 N - 3.9 x 102 N
= 5.9 x 102 N
7. A cube of iron with a length of 10cm and a mass of 1.5 kilogram is dropped into a pail of
water. With a depth of 0.5 meters, will the iron cube settle at the bottom?

Solution:
m = 1500 grams
Density = m/V
Density = 1500 g / (10 x 10 x 10) cm = 1.5 g/cm 3
Since density of water if 1g/cm 3 , the cube will sink.
8.
Determine the submerged depth of a cube of steel 0.30m on each side floating in mercury. The
specific gravities of steel and mercury are 7.8 and 13.6, respectively.

Fb = W

[(13.6)(9.79)][(0.3)(0.3)(D)] = [(7.8)(9.97)][(0.3)(0.3)(0.3)

D = 0.172m
9. A piece of metal weighs 9.25 g in air, 8.20 g in water, and 8.36 g when immersed in
gasoline.
a) What is the density of the metal?
b) What is the density of the gasoline?
Solution:
displacement = (9.25 – 8.20) g = 1.05 g of water
whose volume is:
V = (1.05 g) / (1.00 g/cm3) = 1.05 cm3.
ρ = (9.25 g) / (1.05 cm3) = 8.81 g/cm3.
Displacement = (9.25 - 8.36) g = 0.89 g of gasoline,
whose density must therefore be;
ρ = (0.89 g) / (1.05 cm3) = 0.85 g/cm3.
10. A 2000-lb m satellite with an average density of 27 lb m /ft 3 is in orbit where the local
acceleration due to gravity is 30.6ft/s 2 . If the density of the atmosphere is 0.011 lb m /ft 3 , what
is the buoyant force of the satellite?
Solution:
FB = W = ρ air V displaced
The buoyant force is:
FB = 0.774 lb f
 CONTINUITY PROBLEMS

1.
A 120mm diameter pipe enlarges to a 180mm diameter pipe. At section 1 of the smaller pipe,
the density of a gas in a steady flow is 200 kg/m3 and the velocity is 20 m/s; at section 2 of the
larger pipe, the velocity is 14 m/s. Find the density of the gas at section 2.

ρ1A1v1 = ρ2A2v2

200 [(π)(0.120)2/4][20] = (ρ2) [(π)(0.180)2/4][14]

ρ2 = 127 kg/m3
2.
Calculate the velocity if 10 m 3 /h of water flows through a 100 mm inside diameter pipe. If
the pipe is reduced to 80 mm inside diameter.
Solution:
Velocity of 100 mm pipe
Using the equation (2), to calculate the velocity of 100 mm pipe
(10 m3/h)(1/3600 h/s)=v100(3.14(0.1 m)2/4)
Or
v 100 = (10 m3 /h)(1/3600 h/s)(3.14(0.1)2/4)
v 100 = 0.35 m/s

Velocity of 80 mm pipe
Using the equation (2), to calculate the velocity of 80 mm pipe
(10 m3 /h)(1/3600 h/s)=v80(3.14(0.08 m)2/4)
Or
v 80 = (10 m3 /h)(1/3600 h/s)(3.14(0.08 m)2/4)
v 80 = 0.55 m/s
3.
Suppose we have a fire hydrant and we hook up a fire hose and turn it on the radius
of the outlet of the hydrant is 2 cm and water is passing through it at 4 m/s the
radius of the nozzle is 1 cm. Given the following, What will be the velocity of water
as it exits the nozzle?

A1 V1 = A2 V2
(πr21)(V1) = (πr22)(V2)
π (2cm)2(4m/s) = π(1cm)2(V2)
(4)(4)/1 = V2
16 m/s = V2
4.
Two pipes, each of diameter d, converge to form a pipe of diameter D. What should be the
relation between d and D such that the flow velocity in the third pipe becomes half of that in
each of the two pipes?

According to the Continuity Equation, where a represents flow area, v represents flow velocity, i
is for inlet conditions and o is for outlet conditions. Thus,
A1v1 + A2v2 = Av
d2v + d2v = Dv/2
d = D ⁄ 4.
5.
Water flows through a firehose with a diameter of 7.5cm at a velocity of 4.0m/s. Calculate the
velocity if the diameter of the nozzle is 2.3 cm.

A1V1= A2V2
(πr12)V1=(πr22)V2
(π(0.375m)2)4m/s=(π(0.0115)2)V2
0.0117 m3/s = 0.00042m2V2

V2=42.522 m/s
6.
Water enters a typical garden hose of diameter 1.6 cm with a velocity of 3 m/s. Calculate the
exit velocity of water from the garden hose when a nozzle of diameter 0.5 cm is attached to the
end of the hose.

Answer:
First, find the cross-sectional areas of the entry (A1 ) and exit (A2 ) sides of the hose.
A1 = (pi)(r2) = (pi)(0.008m)2 = 2 x 10-4 m2
A2 = (pi)(r2) = (pi)(0.0025m)2 = 1.96 x 10-5 m2
Next, apply the continuity equation for fluids to solve for the water velocity as it exits the hose
(V2 ).
A1V1 = A2V2

V2 = (A1/A2)V1 = (2x10-4 m2 / 1.96 x 10-5 m2)(3m/s) = 30.6m/s

7.

A water gun is used in a pool children’s party. If water is forced out to the water gun’s tube with
a
diameter of 3 cm and a velocity of 0.1 m/s, solve for the velocity of the water sprayed from the
end if
the gun has an opening of 0.2 cm.
Area 1 = pi * radius 2 = pi(0.0015) 2 = 7.0686 x 10 -6 m 2
Area 2 = pi * radius 2 = pi(0.0001) 2 = 3.1416 x 10 -8 m 2
Area 1 x V1 = Area 2 x V2
By cross multiplication:
V2 = 22.5 m/s
8.
The volume flow rate of a gasoline through the engine valve has a value of 15.5 x 10-5 m3/s. If it has an
cross-sectional area of an engine valve of a value of 7.5 x 10-4 m2. What is the average speed of the
gasoline?

Given:

Volume Flow Rate = 15.5 x 10-5 m3/s

Cross-Sectional Area of Engine Valve=7.5 x 10-4 m2

Required: Average Speed

Solution:

Volume Flow Rate = ∆V/∆t= Av

15.5 x 10-5 m3/s =(7.5 x 10-4 m2) (V )

v=(15.5 x 10−5 m3/s)/(7.5 x 10−4 m2

v= 0.2067 x 10-1 m/s ( FINAL ANSWER )

9.

Water flows in pipe with a velocity of 10m/s. Determine the velocity head of water.

Solution:

H = V2/ 2g

H= (10)squared/ 2(9.81)

H = 5.10 m
10.

In a water supply system, water flows in from pipes 1 and 2 and goes out from pipes 3 and 4 as
shown. If all the pipes have the same diameter, which of the following must be correct?

a) the sum of the flow velocities in 1 and 2 is equal to that in 3 and 4

b) the sum of the flow velocities in 1 and 3 is equal to that in 2 and 4
c) the sum of the flow velocities in 1 and 4 is equal to that in 2 and 3
d) the flow velocities in 1 and 2 is equal to that in 3 and 4

Answer: a
Explanation: According to the Continuity Equation,

where a represents flow area, v represents flow velocity, i is for inlet conditions and o is for
outlet
conditions.
A1v1 + A2v2 = A3v3 + A4v4
Since d1 = d2 = d3 = d4, v1 + v2 = v3 + v4.