WIRELESS CHARGER
Harshitha Y S
Navya G Hebbar
navyaganesh21@gmail.com
Abstract
Wireless charging is a technique of
transmitting power through an air gap to an
electrical device for the purpose of energy
replenishment. Recently, the wireless charging
technology has been significantly advanced in
terms of efficiency and functionality. This
article first presents an overview and
fundamentals of wireless charging .We then
provide the review of standards, i.e., Qi and
Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP), and
highlight on their communication protocols.
Next, we propose a novel concept of wireless
charger networking which allows chargers to
be connected to facilitate information collection
and control. We demonstrate the application of
the wireless charger network in user-charger
assignment, which clearly shows the benefit in
terms of reduced costs for users to identify the
best chargers to replenish energy for their
mobile devices.
Key words :
Wireless charger
Electromagnetic induction
Qi factor
History :
Nikola Tesla, the founder of alternating
current electricity, was the first to conduct
experiment of wireless charging. He
achieved a major breakthrough in 1899 by
transmitting 108 volts of high-frequency
electric power over a distance of 25 miles
to light 200 bulbs and run an electric
motor. In 1901, Tesla constructed the
Warden clyffe Tower to transfer electrical
CHARGER
harshithays12@gmail.com
energy globally without cords through the
Ionosphere .However, due to technology
limitation (e.g., low system efficiency), the
idea has not been widely further
developed and commercialized. Later,
during 1920s and 1930s, magnetrons
were invented to convert electricity into
microwaves, which enables wireless
power transfer over long distance.
However, there was no method to convert
microwaves back to electricity until 1964,
when W. C. Brown realized this through a
rectenna. Brown demonstrated the
practicality of microwave power transfer by
powering a model helicopter, which
inspired a series of research in
microwave-powered airplanes during
1980s and 1990s in
Japan and Canada . More recently,
different consortiums, e.g., Wireless
Power Consortium , Power Matters
Alliance , and Alliance for Wireless Power
, have been established to develop
international standards for wireless
charging. Nowadays, the standards are
adopted in many products in the market.
Wireless charging works on the principle
of electromagnetic induction. Coils of wire
in the base station (the charging plate)
create a magnetic field as the current
passes through. This field can induce an
electrical current in an adjacent coil of wire
without actually touching it. If this wire is
part of a battery charging circuit, then you
have wireless charging
Wireless Charging :
Wireless charging is exactly what it
sounds like: it allows you to charge a
device (like your smartphone) without
plugging in a power cable. The basic In fig 1.b the transmitted circuit of
technology has been around for a long wireless charger is shown with its
time, and inventor Nikola Tesla even components.
experimented with it over a century ago.

In fig 1.a the wireless charger circuit is

described comprising of transmitted circuit
and receiver circuit.

fig1.a wireless charger circuit

Wireless Charger Design – How the

Transmitter Circuit Works fig 1.b transmitter circuit of wireless
charger
As mentioned earlier, wireless charger
principle is based on the inductive When the above transmitter circuit is
coupling. So, the transmitter should have paired with a receiver and then run the
the primary coil. The transmitter circuit simulation, below is the transmitter coil
gets its power from the wall voltage. It has current waveform. The current is sinusoid
a rectifier section to convert AC to which a good indication of a resonance
pulsating DC. It has also a filter network to operation.
increase the RMS level of the rectified
voltage. Then it must have a switching
circuit to continuously provide changing
current to the coil. For better coupling,
resonant circuit is being utilized in the
transmitter side. In resonance, the
transmitted current is sinusoid thus there
is only minimal losses.

Below is simple transmitter circuit. The

voltage V1 is already in DC form. If this
transmitter be powered by AC line, then
V1 is the output of the rectifier
and filter sections. L1 is the transmitter
coil. M1 is the switching element so that
there is an AC current to the transmitter
coil. L1 and C1 form a resonant network
resulting to a sinusoid current to the
transmitter inductor.
Wireless Charger Design – How the
Receiver Circuit Works
The receiver will catch the transmitted
power by the transmitter. The receiver
consists of a receiver coil, resonance
network, and rectifier and charger IC. In
the receiver side, resonance operation is
also important.
Below is an example of a receiver circuit. It
uses LTC 4120 as the main controlling
device. L2 and C2 will form a series
resonator while C4 will form a parallel
resonance once the IC pin turns low.
In fig 1.c receiver circuit of wireless
charger along with its components are
shown.
fig 1.c receiver circuit of wireless charger
When the above receiver is paired with the
transmitter circuit discussed above, below
is the DC voltage to the Vout net that is
input to the LTC4120.
In fig 1.d waveform of receiver circuit of
wireless charger is shown.
fig 1.d waveform of receiver circuit
Wireless Charger Design Basic Guides
 Design the transmitter
 Select the right transmitter coil
 Design the resonant network
 Design the receiver circuit
 Select the right receiver coil
 Select the most suitable control
device
 Mind the device ratings
Advantages
 Protected connections –
No corrosion when the electronics are
enclosed, away from water or oxygen in
the atmosphere. Less risk of electrical
faults such as short circuit due to
insulation failure, especially where
connections are made or broken
frequently.
 Low infection risk – For embedded
medical devices, transmission of power
via a magnetic field passing through the
skin avoids the infection risks
associated with wires penetrating the
skin.
 Durability – Without the need to
constantly plug and unplug the device,
there is significantly less wear and tear
on the socket of the device and the
attaching cable.
 Increased convenience and aesthetic
quality – No need for cables.
 Automated high power inductive
charging of electric vehicles allows for
more frequent charging events and
consequential driving range extension.
 Inductive charging systems can be
operated automatically without
dependence on people to plug and
unplug. This results in higher reliability.
 Autonomous driving technology, when
applied to electric vehicles, depends on
autonomous electric charging.
Automatic operation of inductive
charging solves this problem, allowing
the vehicle to theoretically run
indefinitely.
 Inductive charging of electric vehicles at
high power levels enables charging of
electric vehicles while in motion (also
known as dynamic charging).
Wireless charging is the best method of
charging where the cables cost can be
reduced.
As it is highly portable it reduces the
consequences of charging through cables.
It is even economical as a whole and
beneficial to all domains of the industry.
REFERENCES:
J.Garnica ,R.A.Chinga,J.Lin,”wireless power
transmission;from far field to near field”proc
IEEE.
Pike research

Applications of wireless charger : IMS research

Applications of inductive charging can be

divided into two broad categories: Low power
and high power:

Low power applications are generally

supportive of small consumer electronic
devices such as cell phones, handheld devices,
some computers, and similar devices which
normally charge at power levels below 100
watts.

High power inductive charging generally refers

to inductive charging of batteries at power
levels above 1 kilowatt. The most prominent
application area for high power inductive
charging is in support of electric vehicles,
where inductive charging provides an
automated and cordless alternative to plug-in
charging. Power levels of these devices can
range from approximately 1 kilowatt to 300
kilowatts or higher. All high power inductive
charging systems use resonated primary and
secondary coils.