SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

NARCISO ST. 8400, SURIGAO CITY

CE 123
CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

(ONE-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)

COURSE & SCHEDULE: DATE SUBMITTED:

BSCE – 5A October 29, 2019
TUE/WED. 5:30 PM – 8:30 PM

SUBMITTED BY:

ENTONG, SACREDBRIN C.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. PEJAN
CMPM INSTRUCTOR
 WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

1. DETERMINING RISK CATEGORY OF BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE.

Table 103-1. OCCUPANCY CATEGORY

Occupancy Category of the building = IV; Base from the table above.
 2. DETERMINE BASIC WIND SPEED, V, for the applicable category.

Figure 207A.5-1A Basic Wind Speed for Occupancy Category IV and V

The location of the building is located at Dinagat Islands (Caraga Region). As the
occupancy category of the structure is categorized as IV, and base on the map above (figure 207A.5-1A)
the basic wind speed is;

V = 300km/h
3. DETERMINE WIND LOAD PARAMETERS:

a. Wind directionality factor, Kd ;

Kd = 0.85
b1. Base on the site location above;
d1 > 790 m
d2 < 180 m
Therefore the structure is categorize to *exposure D*.
Note:
* Surface roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces. This category
includes smooth mud flats, salt flats and unbroken ice.

b2. Determine the topographic effects:

Since the site condition and location of the structure does not meet all the condition specified above
then;

Kzt = 1.0
c. Determine the gust effect factor (G);

Frequency determination
- Checking the limitations of approximate Natural Frequency

1. hm = 4.75m < 90m

2. Frame along column E:

13.03(3.00+4.75)
= = 13.03 m
(3.00+4.75)

Frame along column 4:

17.3.(00+4.75)
= = 10.75 m
(3.00+4.75)

Thus, hm < 4Leff

- Checking the approximate Frequency

For concrete moment – resisting frame;

na = 43.5/h0.9

na = 43.5/(4.75)0.9 = 10.70 Hz > 1 Hz

Therefore, the building is rigid.

Use;

G = 0.85

d. Determine the enclosure classification

Accordingly, the code requires that a determination be made of the amount of openings
in the envelope to assess enclosure classification (enclosed, partially, enclosed, or opening).
“Openings” are specially defined in the version of the code as “apertures or holes in the building
envelope which allow air to flow through the building envelope and which are designed as “open”
during winds”. (NSCP 2015, Section 207A.10)
If a building by definition complies with both the “open” and “partially enclosed”
definitions, it shall be classified as an “open” building. A building that does not comply with either the
“open” or “partially enclosed” definitions shall be classified as an “enclosed” building. (NSCP 2015,
207A.10.4)
Checking for enclosure classification
For building partially enclosed condition;
1. Ao > 1.01Aoi
Ao = 8.7332 m2
Aoi = 6.7116 m2
Since,
8.7332 m2 < 1.01(6.7116 m2)

2. Ao > 0.37 m2 or 0.01Ag

Ag = 40.97 m2
Agi = 58.52 m2

Therefore, the building is classified as “enclosed building”.

As from this table for enclosed buildings; GCpi = +0.18

GCpi = ±0.18

Table 207A.11-1

4. Determine velocity pressure exposure coefficient, Kz , Kh.

For windward & leeward:
hm = 4.75 m
he = 3.00 m
by Interpolation :

Kz = 0.98
Kh = 1.038
For sideward:
hm = 4.75 m
he = 3.00
zm = 3.00 m
by Interpolation :

Kz = 0.98
Kh = 1.038

5. Determine the velocity pressure qz or qh.

Given that (for windward & leeward);
Kzt = 1.0
Kz = 1.038
Kh = 1.038
Kd = 0.85
V = 300km/h
We get values for windward and leeward;

qz = 3.7559
qh = 3.546
Given that (for sideward);
Kzt = 1.0
Kz = 0.98
Kh = 1.038
Kd = 0.85
V = 300km/h
We get values for sideward;

qz = 3.7559
qh = 3.546

6. Determine the external pressure coefficient, Cp.

SOLUTION:

SPECIFICATION
based on NSCP 2015

Occupancy Category IV
Basic Windspeed (V)
300
(km./h)

Windload Parameter
Exposure Category Kd
Wind Directionality
0.85
Factor (Kd)
Topographic Facor
(Kzt)
K1 = 0
K2 = 0
K3 = 0
KZT = 1

Gust Effect Factor (G)

0.85

Enclosure
Classification
Ao = 8.7332 m2 Enclosed

condition 1 (fail)
condition 2 (check)
Aoi = 6.7116 m2

Ag = 40.97 m2

Agi = 58.52 m2
Internal Pressure For enclosed 0.18
Coefficient GCpi building -0.18
WINDWARD SIDEWARD
Kz 0.98 0.98
Velocity pressure
exposure coefficient Kh 1.038 1.038

Eave height (z ) in m. 3

Mean roof height (H) 4.7

WINDWARD SIDEWARD
Velocity Pressure qz 3.7559 3.7559
KPa qh 3.546 3.546
h (m.) 4.75 L/B = 1.327875484
B (m.) 13.02833 h/L = 0.274566474
L (m.) 17.3 Ѳ = 20

External Pressure
Coefficient

FACES COEFFICIENT (CP)

WINDWARD 0.8
LEEWARD -0.43
SIDEWARD -0.7
WINDWARD LEEWARD
ROOF
-0.4 -0.6

h (m.) 4.75 L/B = 1.327875484

B (m.) 13.02833 h/L = 0.274566474
L (m.) 17.3 Ѳ = 20

External Pressure
Coefficient

FACES COEFFICIENT (CP)

WINDWARD 0.8
LEEWARD -0.43
SIDEWARD -0.7
WINDWARD LEEWARD
ROOF
N/A N/A
 Pressure
Computation

ALONG FRAME 4
Windward wall Pz (KPa) Leeward wall Pz (KPa)
Z
qz with - with -
(Height) KZ with + GCpi with + GCpi
(KPa) GCpi GCpi
in m.
4.75 1.038 3.54600 1.77300 1.52478 -1.93434 -0.65778
3 1.03 3.72695 1.86348 0.33543 -0.67085 0.67085
0 1.03 3.72695 1.86348 0.33543 -0.67085 0.67085

Net wind pressure Net wind load Based Bending Moment

Afz
pz (kPa) Fz (kN) (kN·m)
with with - (sq. with - with -
with +GCpi with +GCpi
+GCpi GCpi m.) GCpi GCpi
3.71 2.18 12.9578 48.04 28.28 228.19 118.78
2.53 -0.34 11.1342 28.22 -3.73 84.65 -11.20
2.53 -0.34 6.0732 15.39 -2.04 0.00 0.00
Vx
91.65 22.51
(kN) =
My
312.84 107.58
(kN·m) =

Pressure
Computation

ALONG FRAME E
Windward wall Pz (KPa) Leeward wall Pz (KPa)
Z
qz with - with -
(Height) KZ with + GCpi with + GCpi
(KPa) GCpi GCpi
in m.
4.75 1.038 3.54600 1.77300 1.52478 -1.93434 -0.65778
3 1.03 3.72695 1.86348 0.33543 -0.67085 0.67085
0 1.03 3.72695 1.86348 0.33543 -0.67085 0.67085

Net wind pressure Net wind load Based Bending Moment

Afz
pz (kPa) Fz (kN) (kN·m)
with with - (sq. with - with -
with +GCpi with +GCpi
+GCpi GCpi m.) GCpi GCpi
3.71 2.18 12.9578 48.04 28.28 228.19 118.78
2.53 -0.34 11.1342 28.22 -3.73 84.65 -11.20
2.53 -0.34 6.0732 15.39 -2.04 0.00 0.00
Vx
91.65 22.51
(kN) =
My
312.84 107.58
(kN·m) =
 DESIGN FOR PURLINS
Fy = 345 kpa
MAX. SPACING OF TRUSS = 3.35 m
SPACING OF PURLINS = 0.6 m
ROOFING WEIGHT (W1) = 90.74 N/m2 = 54.44 N/m
ASSUMED WT. OF PURLINS (W2) = 100 N/m =60 N/m
WIND LOAD (W3) = 657.78 N/m2 =394.67 N/m
Ѳ = 20°
TOTAL VERTICAL LOAD = W1 + W2 = 141.12 + 150 = 114.44 N/m
WX = (W1 + W2)cosѲ + W3
WX = 101.94cos (20°) + 1126.77 = 502.21 N/m
Wy = (W1 + W2)sinѲ
Wy = 114.44 sin (20°) = 39.14 N/m
COMPUTING MAXIMUM MOMENT (@ MIDSPAN):

wo L2 502.21 (3.35)2
MX = = = 704.51 N.m
8 8
wo L2 39.14 (3.35)2
MY = = = 54.91 N.m
8 8
SECTION MODULUS:
SX = MX/0.66Fy
SX = 704.51 (10)3/0.66(345) = 3094.03 mm3
Sy = My/0.75Fy
SY = 54.91 (10)3/0.75(345) = 212.21 mm3
TRY C4 x 54:
fbX = MX/SX = 704.51 (10)3/ 31627= 22.28 MPa
fbY = MY/SY = 212.21 (10)3/4588.4 = 46.25 MPa
CHECKING FOR ADEQUACY:
fbx fby
+ ≤1.0
0.66Fy 0.75Fy

0.277 < 1.0 – SAFE!

USE C4 X 54 mm FOR PURLINS

 DESIGN FOR SAG RODS
WT. OF PURLINS – 54 lb/ft (1 kg/2.2 lb)(3.28 ft/1 m)(9.81) = 790 N/m (WN)
WT. OF TANGENTIAL LOAD – (790+ 54.44)sin (20°) = 288.82 N/m (WT)
SOLVING FOR Φ OF SAG ROD @ MIDSPAN:

WR =√WN 2 +WT 2

WR = √(0.79)2 +(0.28882)2 = 0.841 kN/m

y1 = y2
4
5wL sinθ PL3
=
384EI 48EI
P = 0.602 kN
P = ASfS
602 = π/4(D)2(0.66 x 248)

D = 2.16 – say Φ is 12 mm round bar

 DESIGN FOR ANGLE BARS
WIND LOAD – 0.39467 /cos(20) = 0.42 kN/m (perpendicular to bottom chord)

PURLINS WT. – 0.79 kN/m

ROOF LL – 0.75(3.35) = 2.0 kN/m

3.21 kN/m x 3.503 m (projected length on roof) = 11.24 kN

TOTAL LOAD ACTING ON EACH NODE – 11.24 kN/9 NODES = 1.25 kN

INTERNAL FORCES TO BE USED TO DESIGN THE MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS:

R1 = 6.15 kN

R2 = 5.10 kN

AQ = 5.10 kN (T) CO = 1.25 kN (C) EM = 1.25 kN (C)

AB = 9.58 kN (C) OP = 10.65 kN (C) EN = 3.65 kN (C)

BQ = 3.65 kN (C) BP = 1.25 kN (C) MN = 10.65 kN (C)

PQ = 14.33 kN (T) DO = 3.65 kN (C) EF = 11.29 kN (C)

BC = 13.01 kN (T) DN = 1.25 kN (C) FM = 3.65 kN (C)

CP = 3.65 kN (C) CD = 9.36 kN (C) FL = 1.25 kN (C)

NO = 14.33 kN (T) DE = 12.79 kN (T) LM = 14.33 kN (T)

GL = 3.65 kN (C) KG = 1.25 kN (C) HG = 10.04 kN (C)

KL = 10.68 kN (C) HK = 3.65 kN (C) HJ = 1.25 kN (C)

JK = 14.33 kN (T) HI = 13.47 kN (T) IJ =14.33 kN (C)

 DESIGN OF TOP AND BOTTOM CHORD

Since the maximum compressive and tensile strength is the same:

 MAXIMUM TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE FORCE – 14.33 kN

 Using 50 x 50 mm Equal Leg Angle Bar (2 pieces):

w = 3.21 cos 20 + 3.77 (9.81) (10)-3(2)

w = 3.09 kN/m
w L2 (3.02) (1.01)2
M= =
8 8
M = 0.385 kN.m

MX 0.385(10)6
fb = = = 61.90 MPa Use for adequacy:
SX 2(3110)
fa Cm fb
+ f ≤ 1.0
F 14.33 (10)3 Fa [1- a ] Fb
Fe '
fa = = = 14.83 MPa
A (2)(483) fa
Cm = 1 – 0.40
Fe ′
KL 1(1004.86) 12π2 E
= = 143.55 Fe ' = KL 2
r 7 23 ( )
r

2 π2 E 2 π2 (200, 000) 12π2 (200,000)

Cc = √ =√ Fe ' =
23 ( 143.55)2
Fy 345
Cc= 106.97
Fe ' = 49.98 MPa
KL
> Cc 14.83
r
Cm = 1 – 0.40 (49.98)
12𝜋2 𝐸
Use Fa = 𝐾𝐿 2
23( ) Cm = 0.88
𝑟

(14.83) (0.88) (61.90)

12𝜋2 (200,000) + 14.83 ≤1.0
Fa = 23.50 (1−49.98)(0.66)(345)
23( 209.35)2

Fa = 23.50 0.97 < 1.0 safe! Ok!

Therefore, use:
F a > 𝐟𝐚 Ok! Safe! 50 x 50 x 5 mm EQUAL LEG
ANGLE BAR (2 pieces)
 DESIGN OF KING POST

 Compressive Force = 6.15 kN KL

> Cc
r

 K = 1.0 12π2 E
Use Fa = KL 2
23 ( )
 Length = 2.78 m r

F 6.15(10)3 12π2 (200000)

fa = A = = 6.37 MPa Fa = = 6.53 MPa
(2)(483) 23 ( 397.14 )2

KL 2780
= = 397.14 Fa > fa Ok! Safe!
r 7

2 π2 E 2 π2 (200,000)
Cc = √ =√
Fy 345
Therefore, use:
Cc =106.97
50 x 50 x 5 mm EQUAL LEG
ANGLE BAR (2 pieces)
 DESIGN OF BEAM
DATA CONSTANTS: Steel Cover from center of the bar = 60 mm

fc ′ = 21 MPa if fc' ≤30 use β=0.85

Ɣconcrete = 23.6 kN/m² 0.05(fc' -30)

if fc' ≥30 use β=0.85-
fy = 414 MPa 7

W= 1.2(DL) + 1.6 (LL)

LIMITED SECTION:

b= 250 mm

h= 350 mm

d= 290 mm

SOLVING FOR LOADS:

Ceiling Weight

=0.12 kPa + 0.008 kPa (6.35 mm)

=0.1708 kPa

Tributary Width = 3.33 m

CL = 0.1708(3.33) = 0.569 kN/m

Partition Weight

=0.15(1.5)(21.6)

PW = 4.86 kN/m

Beam Weight=0.25(0.35)(23.6)

BW = 2.065 kN/m
TOTAL DEAD LOAD = 7.494 kN/m

Ceiling Live Load = 0.75(3.33)

CLL = 2.4975 kN/m

U = 1.2(DL) + 1.6(LL)

U = 1.2(7.494) + 1.6(2.4975)

U = 12.99 kN/m

2R = 12.99(3.35)

R = 21.76 kN
12.99(3.352 )
MU = 8

MU = 12.22 kN.m

0.85fc' β600
ρmax =0.75( )
fy (600+fy )

ρ = 0.01603

fy
ω=ρ
f'c
414
ω = 0.01603 = 0.31602
21

∅Mn max = ∅f'c ωbd2 (1-0.59ω)

∅Mn max = 0.90(21)(0.31602)(250)(290)2 [1-0.59(0.31602)] (10-6)

∅Mn max = 102.16 kN.m. > MU - USE SINGLE REINFORCEMENT

∅Mn max = ∅Rnb𝑑2

12.22(106 ) = 0.90 Rn(250)(2902 )

Rn = 0.65

0.85f'c 2 𝑅𝑛
ρ= [1-√1 − 0.85(f'c ) ]
𝐹𝑦

ρ = 0.0016
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00338 - USE THIS
𝐹𝑦 414

As = ρbd = 0.00338 (250)(290) = 245.05 𝑚𝑚2

Use 16 mm ∅
𝐴𝑠
N=𝜋 = 1.22 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟐 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
(162 )
4

USE 2-16 mm Φ bars for tension reinforcement

SOLVE FOR SPACING:

Use 10 mm Φ bar

Asfs
S= ; v'= vactual -vallowable
v'b

vallowable =0.09√f'c v'= 0.412-0.29 = 0.122 MPa

Vb = 21.76 – 2.065 (0.290) Use fs =fy

Vb = 21.16 kN 25π (414)

S= =1066 mm
0.122(250)
Vb
vactual =
bd According to NSCP 2015, maximum
spacing of stirrups is equal to 250 mm.
21.16 (10)3
vactual = = 0.29 MPa
250(290)

vallowable = 0.09√21 = 0.412 MPa USE 10 mm Φ Spaced @ 5-50 mm, 5-100

mm, 5-150 mm REST 250 mm O.C.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN

fc ′ = 21 MPa

fy = 414 MPa

PU = 108.6 kN

Use minimum Ag as per ACI Code = 300 x 300

Pu = ∅Pn

Pu = ∅0.80[0.85f'c(Ag -Ast ) + fyAst ]

108.6(10)3 = (0.65)(0.80)[0.85(21)(3002 -pg3002 ) + 414(3002 )]

pg = 0.039

Ast = 0.039(300)2

Ast = 3510 mm2

Using 16 mm Φ bars
4(3510)
N= = 17.46
π(16)2

Try 4-16 mm Φ bars

CHECK FOR LOAD CAPACITY:

𝜋
Ast = 4 (162 ) (4) = 804.25 mm2

P = (0.65)(0.80)[0.85(21)(3002 -3926.99) + 414(3926.99)]

PU = 1001.05 kN > 108.6 kN SAFE!

SOLVE FOR SPACING:

S = 16 x db = 16(16) = 256 mm

S = 48 x tie diameter = 48(10) 480 mm

Least dimension of column = 300 mm

Therefore:

Use – 300 x 300 mm DIMENSION OF COLUMN

Use – 4-16 mm Φ VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT

Use – 250 mm MAXIMUM SPACING OF LATERAL TIES

 DESIGN OF FOOTING

Allowable Soil Pressure – 143 kPa

Unit Weight of soil – 15.6 kN/m3

Unit Weight of concrete – 23.6 kN/m3

fy – 414 MPa

fc’ – 21 MPa

Assume conservative thickness of footing – 0.6 m

Clear Cover – 75 mm

DL = 30.92 kN

LL = 26.78 kN

qe = 143 – 23.6(0.6) – 15.6(0.7)

qe = 117.92 kPa

Dimension:

DL+LL 30.92+26.78
L2 = =
qe 117.92

L = 0.49 m say 1.2 m

Pu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

Pu = 1.2(30.92) + 1.6(26.78) = 79.95 kN

P 79.95
qu = Au = = 55.52 kPa = 0.05552 MPa
1.2(1.2)

SOLVING “d” WITH WIDE BEAM SHEAR:

Vu =qu x (450)(450-d)

Vu = 0.05552 (450)(450-d)

1
Vc = 𝜆√f'cbw d
6
1
Vc = (1)√21 (1200)d
6
Vc = 916.52 d

Vu = ∅Vc

0.05552 (450)(450-d) =(0.85)( 916.52 d)

d = 13.98 mm

SOLVING “d” WITH PUNCHING SHEAR:

bo = 4(300 + d)

Vu = qu[12002 – (300 + d)2]

Vu = 0.05552[12002 – (300 + d)2]

1
Vc = √f'cbo d
3
1
Vc = √21 [4(300 + d)]d
3
Vu = ∅Vc

1
0.05552[12002 – (300 + d)2]=0.85 x √2[4(300 + d)]d
3
d = 44.60 mm

h = 44.60 + 75 + 1.5(20) = 149.6 mm say 150 mm

As per ACI Code, minimum depth of footing – 250 mm ← use this

h = 250 mm

d = 250 – 75

deffective = 175 mm
Mu = qu * bw * x2/2

Mu = 98.21(1.2)(0.45)2/2

Mu = 6.75 kN.m.

Mu = ΦRnbd2

6.75 (10)6 = 0.90(Rn)(1200)(175)2

Rn = 0.3607

0.85f'c 2Rn
ρ= [1-√1- ]
fy 0.85f' c

0.85(21) 2(0.3607)
ρ= [1-√1- ]
414 0.85(21)

ρ= 0.00088

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = =0.0034 ← use this
fy 414

As = ρbwd

As-required = (0.0034)(1200)(175) = 714 mm2

Using 20 mm Φ bar:

4(714)
N= = 2.27 say 3 bars
π(20)2

N = 6 bars (to compensate bond stress)

Required Developmental Length:

Ld fyΨe Ψs Ψtλ
=
db 1.1λ√f'c (C+Ktr )
d b

C+Ktr 75+0
= = 4.69>2.5
db 16
C+Ktr
Use = 2.5
db

Ld 414(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
= = 42.71
db 1.1(1)√21(2.5)

Ld Asrequired 42.71 (714)

= = π = 16.18
db Asfurnished (20)2 (6)
4
Ld =16.18db
Ld =16.18(20) = 323.6 mm (Required Ld)

Development Length Furnished:

Ld = 1200/2 – 150 – 75

Ld = 375 mm > 323.6 mm OK!

THEREFORE:

Use – 1.2 m x 1.2 m x 0.25 m DIMENSION OF FOOTING

Use – 6-20 mm Φ MATTING REINFORCEMENT SPACED @ 200 mm O.C.B.W.