Chapter

6
Telecommunications
and Networks

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Network Concepts

• Interconnected chain, group, or system

• Connections created by nodes
• Exponential growth
• Metcalf’s Law
– Usefulness, or utility, of a network
• Equals the square of the number of users
• More users = more useful

6-2
Telecommunication Trends

6-3
Telecommunications-Based Services

6-4
Value of Telecommunications Networks

6-5
Business Use of the Internet

6-6
Business Value of the Internet

Summary of bulleted list 6-7

Intranets as Information Portals

6-8
Extranet Connectivity

6-9
Telecommunications Network Model

6-10
Network Component Alternatives

6-11
 Local Area Network (LAN)

• Connects computers in a limited physical area

– Office, classroom, or building

6-12
Virtual Private Network

6-13
Client/Server Network

6-14
Network Computing

6-15
Peer-to-Peer Network Diagrams

6-16
 Telecommunications Media
• Twisted-Pair Wire
– Similar to telephone wire
• Coaxial Cable
– Wire wrapped with insulation
• Fiber-Optic Cable
– One or more hair-thin filaments of glass

6-17
 Wireless Technologies
• Communications Satellites
– Geosynchronous orbit
– Serve as relay stations
• Wireless LANS
– Wireless radio-wave technology
• Bluetooth
– Short-range wireless technology
• Other Wireless Systems
– Cellular phones, Mobile radio, PDAs
• Telecommunications vital and pervasive
– Web-enabled e-business processes
6-18
 Wireless Technologies
• Other Wireless Systems
– Cellular phones
– Mobile radio
– PDAs
• Telecommunications pervasive role
– Web-enabled e-business processes
– Electronic commerce
– Enterprise collaboration
– Other applications
• Business operations, management, strategic objectives

6-19
 The Wireless Web
• Web-enabled appliances proliferate
– Smart telephones, pagers, PDAs
– All are very thin clients in wireless networks

6-20
 Telecommunications Processors
• Modems
– Most common type
– Modulation and demodulation
• Converts for transmission over telephone lines
• Digital signal to analog
• Analog to digital

6-21
Communications Processors

6-22
Comparing Technologies

6-23
 Telecommunications Software

• May reside in PCs, servers, mainframes,

and communications processors
– Vital part of all telecommunications networks
– Used to manage network performance
– WANs often use telecommunications
monitors or teleprocessing monitors
– Other networks use operating system
software
– Middleware helps diverse networks
communicate with each other

6-24
 Network Management Functions

• Traffic Management
• Security
• Network Monitoring
• Capacity Planning

6-25
Network Topologies

6-26
Network Topologies

Mesh Network
6-27
 Network Architectures and Protocols

• Protocol
– Rules and procedures
• Handshaking
– Exchanging predetermined to agree on a
protocol
• Network Architecture
– Master plan of standards
– Goal is to promote an open, simple, flexible,
and efficient telecommunications environment

6-28
 OSI Model

• Open Systems Interconnection Model

– Seven-layer standard for network architectures
– Controls how messages should be transmitted
– Ensures consistency among products

6-29
OSI and TCP/IP Models

6-30