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Fundamental
Physics/Formulas
< Fundament al Physics

Force
Force is a physical quantity that interacts with
matter to perform a task
Force Definition Nota
Force that sets matter
Motion Force
in motion
Force that sets a
Impulse
mass in motion
Force that opposes
Opposition force the interacting force
with matter
Force that acts on
Pressure force
surface's area
Force opposes matter
Friction Force movement on a
surface
Force that restores
Elastic Force
matter equilibrium
Force sets matter in
Circulation Force
circular motion
Centripetal Force Force that sets matter
moves out of
 circulation motion

Force that sets matter

Centripugal Force moves in of circulation
motion
Attraction force of 2
Electrostatic Force different polaity
charges
Force sets electric
Electromotive Force
charge in motion
Force that sets
moving electric charge
Electromagnetomotive
to move pendicular to
Force
the intial travel
direction
Electromagnetic Force Summation of 2 force
Electromotive force
and
 Electromagnetomotive
force

Motion
Movement of matter from one place to another
place caused by a force

Uniform linear motion

Motion that follows straight path of constant speed

for example horizontal uniform linear motion, vertical
uniform linear motion,
 Horizontal Vertical Inclined
uniform uniform uniform
Notation
linear linear linear
motion motion motion
Distance s
Time t

Speed v

Accelerationa

Force F

Work W

power E

Non uniform curve motion

Motion that does not follow a straight path

 NotationFormulas

Distance s(t)

Time t
Speed v(t)

Accelerationa(t)

Force F(t)

Work W(t)

Energy E(t)

Periodic motion

Motion that keeps repeat itself over a period of time

Circular motion

Motion that follows a circular path

Full circle motion

Motion that completes a circle

NotationFormulas
Distance s
Time t

Speed v

Angular speedω

Accelleration a
Force F
Work W

Energy E

Circle's arc motion

Motion that follows an arc of a circle

 NotationFormulas
Distance s
Time t

Speed v

Angular speedω

Acceleration a

Force F

Work W

Energy E

Wave

Mathematical formula

A period motion of a sinusoidal motion

 NotationFormulas
Distance s
Time t

Speed v

Angular Speed ω

Frequency f

Wave equationf"(t)
Wave function f(t)

Sinusoidal wave

Mathematiccaly sinusoidal can be represent by a

wave equation and a wave function

Wave equation

Wave function
Oscillation

Spring's Oscillation

Spring's
SymbolHorizontal Vertical
Oscillation
Spring's
Oscillation
equation
Spring's wave
function

Angular speed ω

Pendulum Oscillation
The differential equation which represents the
motion of a simple pendulum is

 Eq. 1

where g is acceleration due to gravity, l is the length

of the pendulum, and θ is the angular displacement.

Electric Oscillation
 RLC series RLC LC series LC serie
Electric's
at series at at at
Oscillation
equilibrium resonance equilibrium resonan

Wave
equation

Wave
function
Electromagnetic Oscillation

Electromagnetic's
Formula
Oscillation

Wave equation

Wave function

Angular speed

Time constant

Wave hape
Momentum

Momentum is defined as motion of a mass at a

speed caused by a force

Moment

Momentum of a mass in motion

NotationFormulas
Mass m
Speed v
Moment p

Impulse(Force)F

Work W
Energy E
Momentum of a relativistic mass in motion

Momentum refers to movement of a mass at a

speed relative to the speed of light

NotationFormulas
Mass m

Speed v

Momentump

Force F

Work W
Energy E

Momentum of a massless quanta in motion

Momentum refers to movement of a mass at a

speed equals to the speed of light
 NotationFormulas

Speed v

Work W
Quanta h

Momentump

Wavelength

Momentum of electric charge

Momentum of free electron

Absorbing photon, electron becomes free electron
travels outward off the atom's circular orbit

Momentum of a bind electron

Releasing photon, electron becomes free electron

travels inward off the circle orbit

Heat
Temperature

Temperature is the measurement of heat's intensity .

Temperature is denoted as T measured in degree o

Temperature measurements

There are 3 temperature measuring system

1. Degree Celcius,
2. Degree Kevin ,
3. Degree Fahrenheit ,

Conversion between systems of temperature can be

done as shown below
 Convert from to ' Formulas
Degree
Celsius °C = (°F – 32) / 1.8
Fahrenheit
Degree Celsius Fahrenheit°F = °C × 1.8 + 32
K = (°F – 32) / 1.8 +
Degree Kevin Kelvin
273.15

Standard temperatures

Standard temperatureValue
Room temperature
Boiling temperature
Frozen temperature

Heat and matter

Heat and matter interact to create Heat transfer of

three phases Heat conduction, Heat convection and
Heat radiation
Heat absortion of matter

Matter of dark color absorbs more heat energy

than matter of bright color
Matter of thin dimension absorbs more heat
energy than matter of thich dimension

For example

Dark and thin clothes dry faster than bright and

thick clothes

Heat Transfer

A process of heat interaction with matter through 3

phases of

Heat conduction

Matter change its temperature when it in contact

with heat energy
Heat convection

Matter absorbs heat energy to its maximum level

and gives off visible light

Heat radiation

Matter is at its saturation . Matter is no longer

absorbs heat energy and use the excess energy to
release electron of its atom
Heat flow

Heat flows between 2 objects of different mass

follows heat flow rule that heat flows from high
temperature to low temperature

Heat energy absorb by mass 1

Heat energy absorb by mass 2

Direction of heat flow

Light
Speed of visible light

Speed of light is denoted as C which has a value

m/s

Measurement speed of visible light

By Michael
In vacuum
Morrison
In air, as By James
electromagnetic Clerk
radiation Maxwell

In liquid By Lorentz

Visible light

Characteristics
Visible light travels at a constant speed in vacuum
and in air which has a value

m/s

Travels as Electromagnetic wave of wavelength

Of Threshold frequency

Hz

Composite colors

Visible light passes through prism decomposes

itself into its composites color light of 6 colors
 Colors WavelengthAngle of refraction
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet

Light and matter

Light and matter interacts with each other to create

the following effects

1. Reflection
2. Refraction
3. Diffraction
4. Dispersion
5. Interference
 Sound
Measurement speed of sound

Material mediumValue
In air
In water
In solid

Audible sound

Sound spectrum

Audible sound to human's ears is in the frequency

range 20Hz - 20KHz . Sound above 20KHz is called
Ultrasound . Sound below 20Hz is called Infrasound

Audible sound wave in air

In air, audible sound travels as wave of thick and thin
columns of air

MediumSpeed Frequency Wavelength

In air

Sound and matter

Sound and matter interacts with each other to create

the following effects

1. Relection
2. Refraction
3. Diffraction
4. Interference

Electricity
Electricity and a straight line conductor
 Characteristis SymbolsFormulas
Voltage
Current

Resistance

Conductance

Electromagnet's Field
strength

Resistance change

Power generated
Power loss
Power transmitted

Electromagnet
 For a straight line conductor

For a circular loop made from

straight line conductor
For a coil of N circular loops made
from straight line conductor

Electric Oscillation
 RLC series RLC LC series LC serie
Electric's
at series at at at
Oscillation
equilibrium resonance equilibrium resonan

Wave
equation

Wave
function
 Electromagnetism
Electric current interacts with magnetic material to
generate Magnetic field

Electromagnetic Field
Electromagnetic
Definition symbolformula
Field
The magnetic
field is made up
of circular
Straight line magnetic circles
conductor rotate
counterclockwise
or clockwise
direction
The magnetic
field is made up
of circular
Circular loop magnetic circle
conductor around a point
charge that
moves around the
circular loop
Coil of N The magnetic
 circular loop field is made up
conductor of elliptic
magnetic lines
running from
North pole [N] to
South pole [S]
With North pole
[N] corresponds
to positive
polarity (+)
and South pole [S]
corresponds to
negative polarity
(-)

Electromagnetic Induction

For a Faraday's coil of N circular loops . The

magnetic field is made up of elliptic magnetic lines
running from North pole [N] to South pole [S]

Magnetic Potential
Difference
Induced Magnetic
Voltage

Electromagnetization

Process of generating permanent electromagnet

from a magnetic material placed in the turns of the
magnetic coil

Maxwell's Electromagnetization Vector Equation

Electromagnetic Wave Oscillation
Electromagnetic Wave
Vectore Equation

Electromagnetic Wave
Equation

Electromagnetic Wave
Function

Electromagnetic Wave
Radiation
Electromagnetic wave radiation

Electromagnetic wave radiation is generated from

Electromagnetic wave propagates at speed of
visible light

Electromagnetic Wave Radiation States

Radiant Photon

Electromagnetic Wave Radiation of Radian Photon

just like visible light perceive by human eyes
Non radiant photon

Electromagnetic Wave Radiation of Non radiant

photon that can free electron off matter's atom

Heinseinberg's Uncertainty Principle

Photon can only exist in one state

at a time