REPERTORIO Menara Mesiniaga PDF

MENARA MESINIAGA
ARCHITECTURE
CULTURE AND HISTORY
[ARC 60203]
PROJECT 2 : REPORT
TUTOR : MS BALKISH
GROUP MEMBERS :
WANSA ALICE 0 3 24 9 8 4
WONG LIENG KAM 0323566
WONG LOK XUAN 0325529
WONG TECK POH 0 3 2 74 6 2
CONTENTS
01 | INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
FAST FACTS
HISTORY
ARCHITECT
[05-08]
01
02 0 2 | S I T E C O N T E X T A N A LYS I S
WONG LOK XUAN
[10-29]
0 3 | A R C H I T E C T U R A L L AYO U T
OF BUILDING
WONG LIENG KAM
[31-35]
03
04
04 | ARCHITECTURE STYLE [37-44]
A N A LYS I S
WANSA ALICE
05 | BUILDING CONSTRUCTION,
S T R U C T U R E & M AT E R I A LS A N A LYS I S
[46-59]
05
WONG LIENG KAM
06
06 | ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS & [61-70]
C O M P O N E N T S A N A LYS I S
WONG TECK POH
07
07 | CONCLUSION [72-78]
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
IMAGE REFERENCES
01
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
05
Mesiniaga Tower, named after the company that owns it, is located at SS16, Subang Jaya of Selangor
in Malaysia. Composed of 15 storeys, it is an office building designed by Ken Yeang of T.R. Hamzah
and Yeang Sdn Bhd and is now an icon of the company. The Mesiniaga Tower was completed in
1992 after a construction period of around 2 years. The futuristic-looking building is a manifestation of
Yeang’s many years of research into passive design strategies for tall buildings as well as his
application of his knowledge of bioclimatic design principles. It has won the Aga Khan Award for
Architecture in 2013 due to its representation of a bioclimatic tall building. One of the jurors even
termed it ‘organictech’, further proving the success of the building acting as a high technology
building coupled with an organic imagery.
FAS T FA C T S
06
Figure 1.1 : Mesiniaga logo
Address : 1, Jalan SS16/1, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia

Floor Area : 12345.69 m2
Architect : Ken Yeang of T.R. Hamzah and Yeang Sdn Bhd.
Building type : Office building
Main Materials : Reinforced concrete, steel, aluminium composite panels
Construction Period : June 1989 – August 1992 (26 months)
Architectural Style : Modernism architecture, Bioclimatic architecture
Height : Approximately 63 metres
Number of floors : 15 (1 underground floor)
Cost : MYR148 per square metre
H I S T O RY
07
The Malaysian affiliation of IBM, Mesiniaga Berhad needed an office building as a symbol for their
headquarters. The intention behind the building is to provide a comfortable and suitable environment
for the employees besides serving an icon to represent their high technological products. This
prompted Ismail Sulaiman of IBM to commission the local architect Ken Yeang of TR Hamzah and
Yeang to design a building accordingly.
After the site analysis was conducted in June of 1989, Ken Yeang went on to create sketches for his
client. The preliminary design was approved in December of that year. Thus, the construction of what
is about to be a interesting addition to the architecture of Malaysia began in December 1990. Without
any big mishaps, the building was completed in August 1992. However, the high level of humidity has
caused oxidation to occur, resulting in leaking and rusting in some parts of the building but the problem
is solvable. (Safamanesh, 1995)
Menara Mesiniaga has since then won numerous awards, where the most impressive among all of
them is the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1995. The Aga Khan Award is only awarded once every
three years to projects and buildings that have raised the standard of architecture in today’s world.
(Davidson, 1995)
Figure 1.2 : Menara Mesiniaga from a distance away.

the architect
08
Figure 1.3 : Ken Yeang
Dr. Kenneth Yeang is an architect specialising in ecological and passive low energy design. Born
in Penang, Malaysia in 1948, Yeang was educated there for his primary studies, as well as in the United
States and the United Kingdom for his tertiary studies. He had the opportunity to study at Architectural
Association (AA) in London and then studied ecology at the University of Cambridge. He also further
expand his knowledge in architecture by taking a landscape program at the University of
Pennsylvania. (Powell, 1999)
Today, he has published numerous books including: “Designing with Nature: The Ecological Basis
for Architectural Design”, “The Green Skyscraper: The Basis for Designing Sustainable Intensive
Buildings” and many more. He is registered as a professional architect with the ARB (Architects
Registration Board) (UK), the RIBA (Royal Institute of Architects) (UK), PAM (Pertubuhan Arkitek
Malaysia), and also the SIA (Singapore Institute of Architects). Yeang also perform his responsibility in
educating the younger generation by giving lectures extensively in over 30 countries at conferences
and schools of architecture on his ideas and work on ecological design and master planning.
02
SITE CONTEXT
A N A LY S I S
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S I T E L O CAT I O N
Map 2.1 : The map shows the

zonning that surrounds Menara
Mesiniaga
Menara Mesiniaga is situated near to a heavy traffic highway which is over a mixture of unplanned
structure and environment. The building is accentuated relative to its surroundings as it’s the tallest
tower among the area. There is a lake located opposite to the building and it can be seen from each
level of the tower. There are residential areas surrounding the tower: terrace houses which are located
at the south and a condominium which is located at the west of the tower. The surrounding buildings
are low budget adaptations of older houses as all of these houses is for the residents to live in. There
is a shopping mall located beside the condominium which is a convenience for the nearby resident to
buy their stuffs. In respect to community development, the traffic ranges from moderate to congested
at certain hours of the day because of the existence of the nearby highway.
Figure 2.1 : Subang-Kelana Jaya Link highway in front of Figure 2.2 : Residential area surrounding Menara Mesiniaga
Menara Mesiniaga
S I T E C O N T E X T A N A LYS I S
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building accessibility
Diagram 2.1 : This shows the

entry and exit of the vehicles in
Menara Mesiniaga compound.
Menara Mesiniaga is located at Jalan SS16/1. There is a bus stop south-west of the tower (shown
on map 1). There is only one main road directing the vehicles to the tower which is Jalan SS16/1. The
entry of the tower is located at the north while the exit is located at the south which is shown on the
map above.
Figure 2.3 (A) : The basement Figure 2.4 (B) : The outdoor Figure 2.5 (C) : Entry to the
carpark. carpark. tower and the security house.
Figure 2.6 (D) : The exit of the Figure 2.7 (E) : The entrance to
building. the building.
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r e l at i o n s h i p
of building
with its
surroundings
Map 2.2 : The map shows the surrounding building around Menara Mesiniaga.
Menara Mesiniga is located at SS16, which surrounded by a few high rise building such as
shopping mall and condominium while the neighbouring low-rise building consists of shoplots and
terrace houses.
Subang Square SS15 Courtyard
Figure 2.8 : View from Menara Mesiniaga towards Subang

Square, SS15 Courtyard and residential areas.
WONG LOK XUAN 13
Figure 2.9 (A) : Casa Tiara Condominium.
The Casa Tiara Condominium is located at Jalan SS16/1, same as Menara Mesiniaga,
approximately 2 minutes walking distance from Menara Mesiniaga as it is located just behind Menara
Mesiniaga. The condominium was completed in 2008 while Mesiniaga was completed in 1992.
Both of them are high-rise building among the area and both of them are multi-function building
as they provide facilities such as swimming pool, fitness room, car park etc.
Figure 2.10 (B) : Subang Ria Recreational Park.
The park is situated beside Subang-Kelana Jaya Link Highway which is opposite to Menara
Mesiniaga, with a proximity of 9 minutes walking distance from Menara Mesiniaga. This park provides
a lake, a jogging track and some benches for the people.
Workers who work at Menara Mesiniaga can have a good view from the rooftop and they can
have a rest at the park as it is near to the building. This may help workers to relieve stress and thus
providing a good working environment.
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r e s p o n s e t o c l i m at e
humidity
Graph 2.1 : The annual relative humidity for Kuala Lumpur.
Based on the figure we can know that Kuala Lumpur has a high relative humidity in the range of
80%-85%. From this we know that Malaysia has a tropical wet climate with no cold or dry season as it
is located in the equatorial region which is constantly moist due to year-round rainfall.
Relating to the building design, having windows open on opposite sides of the building is better
as it creates a passive ventilation as this maintains a good cross air flow and also it eliminate the
interior humidity from building up.
WONG LOK XUAN 15
t e m p e r at u r e
Graph 2.2 : The annual maximum temperature for

Kuala Lumpur.
This 3 graphs on the left (Graph 2.2, 2.3, 2.4)
shows the annual maximum, minimum and the
average temperature of Kuala Lumpur and we can see
the annual average temperature is around 26.6
degree Celsius. For the average temperature, April is
the warmest and wettest month and for the coolest
month which is September. June is the driest month of
the year.
Graph 2.3 : The annual minimum temperature for

Kuala Lumpur.
In high temperature locations, proper HVAC or
adequate passive ventilation is necessary for those
high rise buildings like Menara Mesiniaga to maintain a
cool temperature inside the building to create a
comfortable space for the users.
Graph 2.4 : The annual average temperature for

Kuala Lumpur.
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s u n pat h
Diagram 2.2 : The position of sun on 1st January Diagram 2.4 : The position of sun on 29th August
12:00p.m. 2:15 p.m.
Diagram 2.3 : The position of sun on 15th May Diagram 2.5 : The position of sun on 1st November
1:15p.m. 9:15 a.m.
The diagrams shows the abundance of natural light the building can receive. The architect’s in-
tention is to maximise the benefits from the natural lighting. The lobby of the building is inserted further
inside to be shaded by the second floor’s balcony of the building. Moreover, the natural lighting
penetrate through the roof of the basement parking.
WONG LOK XUAN 17
b u i lt f o r m
This building is built vertically to allow exposure

to the full extent of the heat, temperature and
weather. Its exoskeleton is made out from reinforced
concrete and exposed steel structure which can
help in reflecting the sunlight. Besides, the exposed
column and beams are open to cross ventilated
cooling. Single core services are built on the east
which is the hot side of the building.
Figure 2.11 : The north view of Menara Mesiniaga.
lighting
The architect of Menara Mesiniaga purposely

designed it based on the sunlight which will
penetrate into the building. The building is intended
to benefit from the environment. When we are inside
the building, we could feel that the intention of the
architect through every single inner façade and the
spaces. Besides that, we can see that most of the
enclosed rooms does not need much light as they
are located on the outside edge where there is high
quality views and abundant natural light.
Figure 2.12 : Lobby of Menara Mesiniaga.
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s ky g a r d e n a n d p l a n t i n g s
This artificial sloping landscape which is also

known as sky garden is created to connect the
land to the verticality of the building because
they want to shelter and insulate the lowest three
levels from the morning sun. Besides, circular
spiraling body with landscaped sky courts was
created as this may help to cool, ventilates and
also it can provide a space for occupants to relief
and relax.
Figure 2.13 : The sky garden located in Menara Mesiniaga.
s o l a r o r i e n tat i o n a n d
shading devices
At the north and south sides there is curtain

wall glazing which is the garden insets provided
as they will help in reducing the solar gain by the
building and also will provide thermal comfort for
the occupants. Besides, at the east and west side
there is shaded windows act as a response to the
tropical sun path. Moreover, on the south façade
there is a cantilevering rooftop pool and a gym
room with a curvilinear roof, this may help in
providing a thermal comfort for the users
Figure 2.14 : Cantilevering rooftop pool of Menara Mesiniaga
especially when on the high angled afternoon
sun. The pool also can insulate and reflect the
overhead sunlight to provide a cool and
comfortable place for user to relief.
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l a n d s ca p e
The presence of the greenery that

surrounds Menara Mesiniaga brings
liveliness and sense of nature into the
area, where it is mostly surrounded by
man made structure and skyscrapers.
A lot of plantations can be found in the
open public area of the tower,
responding to the landscapes of the
surrounding.
Diagram 2.6 : The greeneries area surrounding Menara Mesiniaga.
The greeneries that are located at the open public

area, in front of the tower allows the worker to rest their
eyes and appreciate the environment while resting.
Figure 2.15 : Plantation in front of the entrance.
Figure 2.16 : Greenery surrounding the tower.
Figure 2.17 : Plantation in the open public area.

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sunshade
OVERHANGING ROOF
The overhang shades the uppermost floor which
houses recreational area, a sun roof, a swimming
pool and it also shade the offices.
SUN ROOF
Sun roof is a skeletal provision for panel space for
the possible future placing of solar-cells as to
provide the back-up energy source.
Diagram 2.7 : The model of Menara Mesiniaga shows the

overhanging roof and sun roof.
On the south and west façade, louvers and

aluminium fins is used to provide a sun shading.
Diagram 2.8 : The south-west of the Menara Mesiniaga model.

WONG LOK XUAN 21
sunshade
On the north and south façade the curtain wall

glazing is used to control the solar gain by the
building.
Diagram 2.9 : The west side of the Menara Mesiniaga model.
This model massing that shows the shading and the

glazing of the building.
Diagram 2.10 : The south of the Menara Mesiniaga model.

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v e n t i l at i o n
Graph 2.5 : The table and figure below shows the wind rose of wind and weather statistics of Kuala Lumpur.
Due to the various wind directions, the winds are nearly transferred equally. This building’s main
ventilation is from air conditioning and also natural ventilation. For the air conditioning systems of
the area such as counter area, meeting rooms, offices, cafeteria and the other areas is divided to two
types. The first type is the Energy Saving System which is used around the counter area and offices
because of the staying period at these places are longer compared to the other areas. The second
type of the conditioning system is called the Spilt Air Conditioner which is usually used in houses as
its function is cooling the spaces. For this building, Spilt Air Conditioner are used in the meeting rooms
and cafeteria and it is only for a certain period of time.
WONG LOK XUAN 23
Figure 2.18 : The basement parking area of Menara Mesinia-

ga.
Diagram 2.11 : The air flow (green arrow) and air condition-
ing air flow (yellow ellipse) throughout the building.
Figure 2.19 : The open space which located at second floor.
Figure 2.20 : Air conditioner in the office area. Figure 2.21 : Swimming pool with open roof
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Figure 2.22 : Lobby entrance of Menara Mesiniaga.
In this building there are large multi-storey transitional spaces which provides airflow in between
the zones and at the same time provide a better circulation of air in and out of the building. Besides,
this building is using permeable external walls which can provide a good ventilation even in air
conditioned spaces. The lobby entrance is half opened to the surrounding while the other half is
circled by the sloped berm to create a good ventilation system inside the building.
WONG LOK XUAN 25
Besides the air conditioning system, natural ventilation occurs as wind can flow into the building
as the escape stairs are not enclosed and pushed to the edge of the building to allow wind to take
part. Besides, there are also shaded window openings at the elevator lobby and the washroom
spaces to allow natural ventilation. For the office area, there are sliding doors on the terraces that can
be opened for natural ventilation. Moreover, there is a overhang curved roofing on top of the
gymnasium which provide tiny gaps to allow wind to move into it. Lastly, the basement parking area
is ventilated as the entrance and exit are opened which allow air to flow in. These features allow the
building to be maintained within a more reasonable amount compared to other buildings as the
energy consumption of this building is reduced.
Diagram 2.12 : The basic air flow within the tower.
As the air passes through the sky gardens as well as the shading devices, they are cooled and
flow through the building as part of the ventilation cooling system. To maintain the air flow throughout
the building, the exterior windows is used to utilize natural ventilation.
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t h e r m a l c o m f o rt
Figure 2.23 : Primary shading louvres of the tower. Figure 2.24 : Secondary shading louvres of the tower.
The large part of the building, from the stairways and lift lobbies to the washroom area, is regarded
as a penetrable membrane to enable natural aeration. Energy Saving System is used in this building as
it controls energy features including the air-cooling system, elevators and other mechanical
systems and it is used to monitor and reduce energy consumption. The natural ventilation throughout
the building helps reduce its usage to negligible levels which helps in saving energy.
WONG LOK XUAN 27
The exoskeleton of the building which is the visible steel and reinforced concrete structure is
suspending the differently shaped office floors with each floor’s main girders connected to the
concrete core for shear resistance. The special part for this building is the exposed structure as the
tropical climate allows having an exposed structure without contrary temperature effects. In fact, the
curtain wall shields is wrapped around by the structure to shield off the building from direct sunlight
and it also can act as a heat sink.
Besides, this building’s concrete core faces the outside and is located on the east side of the
building. The core is allowed to shade the building by this orientation from direct sun rays and its
material used allows it to become a heat sink which can reradiate absorbed heat into the building at
night.
Thermal comfort in this building is more than effectively achieved by these specific features,
where mechanical cooling system is applied to optimum use instead of overuse it.
The pool located on the rooftop is created to ‘green’ the rooftop as it can insulate and reflect the
overhead sun. Besides, the overhang of the curvilinear roof is used to shade most of the entire south
façade from the high angled afternoon sun. This building is crowned as it’s a tubular steel trellis that
can shade the top floor amenities and it’s designed to accommodate solar panels in the future which
will further increase the building’s ecological efficiency.
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t h e r m a l c o m f o rt
The glass exterior walls of the

building allow in natural light.
The organization of this building
In order to protect the people
pulls the core of the building or
inside from the hot sun of
the the circulation areas to the
Malaysia, Yeang creates two
exterior(red). Having the
different types of sun shields
circulation on the exterior enables
which are seen in yellow
the stair to have natural ventilation
and blue. The thinner shields
throughout them.
shown in yellow are oriented
closer to the buildings surface
than the thicker ones shown
in blue.
Diagram 2.13 : Cross section of Menara Mesiniaga shows the parts of the exterior and interior.
Diagram 2.14 : The sun shaders and the garden insets of Diagram 2.15 : The heat map shows on the section of
Menara Mesiniaga. Menara Mesiniaga.
WONG LOK XUAN 29
Diagram 2.17 : Sketch of

window section bathrooms.
All bathrooms are also
naturally ventilated.
As warm air passes through

the planter boxes and
shading devices, they are
cooled. Most of this cooled
air is allowed to flow inside
as part of the ventilation
cooling system.
Diagram 2.16 : The basic air flow was showed on the section of the building
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ARCHITECTURAL
L AY O U T O F
BUILDING
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e as t e l e vat i o n a n a lys i s
CURVILINEAR ROOF
Helps provide thermal comfort for
users of the facilities during the
high-angled afternoon sun.
GLAZED CURTAIN WALLING
Used on north and south side, as these sides
have less need for insulation and unshielded
curtain-walled glazing for good views and to
maximize natural lighting while the east and
west side as a response to the tropical sun path.
Deep garden inserts allow curtain walls to be
installed without shades.
EXTERNAL LOUVRES
All the window facing east
and west sides (hot side of
SHADING DEVICES
the building) have external
Reflect the sunlight
louvres as solar-shading to
reduce heat received by the
interior.
ARTIFICIAL LANDSCAPE & WINDOWS

Artificial landscape was created to
shelter and insulate the lower three
levels, including the parking space
from the morning sun. However, there
are windows opening on the artificial
landscape, to provide natural lighting
for the parking bays.
Diagram 3.1 : East elevation of Menara Mesiniaga.

A R C H I T E C T U R A L L AYO U T O F B U I L D I N G
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S O U T H - W E S T e l e vat i o n a n a lys i s
GREEN SPACE
Vertical landscaping, or terraces,
spiraling up the building allow water to
flow on the same path down the build-
EXPOSED COLUMNS AND BEAMS ing. These terraces are accessible on
Columns and beams are open to promote every floor and also have sliding doors
cross-ventilated cooling opening up to them to naturally. The

terraces leading up to the exposed
pool on the top.
EXTERNAL CIRCULATION
The organization of this building pulls the core of
the building, or the circulation areas to the exterior.
The circulation on the exterior enables the stairs to
have natural ventilation throughout them.
SUN SHADERS
The shields are oriented clos-
er to the buildings surface
than the glass shields.
GLASS
The glass of the building allow the natural light
penetrate inside the building. In order to protect
the workers inside from the hot sun.
MULTI-STOREY TRANSITIONS SPACES

Provide airflow In between the zones and provide
better circulation of hot and cool air in and out the
building.
Diagram 3.2 : South-west elevation of Menara Mesin-

iaga.
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C I R C U L AT I O N T O U S E S PA C E
CIRCULATION
SERVICE SPACE
EXTERIOR SPACE
GREEN SPACE
STEEL TUBE
Diagram 3.3 : Ground floor plan of Menara Mesiniaga.
MEZZANINE LEVEL FIRST FLOOR SECOND FLOOR
FOURTH FLOOR SEVENTH FLOOR EIGHTH FLOOR
Diagram 3.4-3.11 : Floor plans of Menara

Mesiniaga.
NINTH FLOOR TENTH FLOOR

A R C H I T E C T U R A L L AYO U T O F B U I L D I N G
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o r g a n i z at i o n a n a lys i s
REPETITION OF GLASS WINDOW
The repetition of glass window of the building allow the nat-

ural light penetrate inside the building. In order to protect the
workers inside from the hot sun.
Diagram 3.12 : Concept diagram of repetition of glass window.
ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE
Shading devices reflect the sunlight. The shields of the sun

shaders are oriented closer to the buildings surface than the
glass shields.
Diagram 3.13 : Concept diagram of repetition of asymmetrical balance
ELEVATED PLANE
Artificial landscape & windows was created to shelter and

insulate the lower three levels, including the parking space
from the morning sun. However, there are windows opening
on the artificial landscape, to provide natural lighting for the
parking bays
Diagram 3.14 : Concept diagram of repetition of elevated plane.
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CONTRAST OF FORM
Curvilinear roof helps provide thermal comfort for users of

the facilities during the high-angled afternoon sun.
Diagram 3.15 : Concept diagram of contrast of form.
CONSTRAST OF MATERIALS
Columns and beams are open to cross-ventilated cooling.

The repetition of glass window of the building allow the nat-
ural light penetrate inside the building. In order to protect the
workers inside from the hot sun.
Diagram 3.16 : Concept diagram of contrast of materials.

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ARCHITECTURE
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Wansa alice 37
Figure 4.1 : Menara Mesiniaga from a view.
types of architecture in the building
Modern architecture
Bio-climatic architecture
Contemporary architecture
Structural expressionism
A R C H I T E C T U R e s t y l e a n a lys i s
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structural expressionism
Structural expressionism is also known as high tech

modernism. It was a reaction to the miesian ideals of
buildings. These are the kind of buildings that incorporate
the ideals of interchangeable prefabricated parts, flexible
design and economical construction. They display
functional and technical components of a building.
Construction involves proper arrangement of fabricat-
ed elements and most commonly these are exposed to
employ innovative approaches to structural stability. New
possibilities in building design are created by engineering.
(Structural Expressionism, n.d.)
Diagram 4.1 : Menara Mesiniaga section drawing.
examples of structural expressionism buildings
Figure 4.2 : BMA Tower Figure 4.3 : River Place Tower FIgure 4.4 : John Hancock Center
Wansa alice 39
p r i m a ry s t y l i s t i c f e at u r e s
• Buildings display functional and technical components of a building

• It involves proper arrangement of fabricated elements
• Involve emphasis on industrial elements
s e c o n d a ry s t y l i s t i c f e at u r e s
• Steel frames are commonly used as well as glass walls

• Access to such buildings is on the outside
• Interior spaces are adaptable
• Exposed truss work
• Highly complex shapes
• Buildings are Metallic
• They have detached frames
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B I O - C L I M AT I C A R C H I T E C T U R E
In short, bio-climatic architecture refers to the design of

buildings and spaces based on local climate. Designs are
aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort by making
full use of solar energy and other environmental resources.
The basic elements of bio-climatic architecture include the
passive solar systems which are incorporated into
buildings and utilization of environmental sources that’s to
say the wind, vegetation, sun, air, water and soil. These can
be used for cooling, heating as well as lighting up a
building.
Diagram 4.2: Bio-climatic architecture design principles.
t h i n g s c o n s i d e r e d i n b i o - c l i m at i c a r c h i t e c t u r e
ORIENTATION
BUILDING FABRIC
VENTILATION
ROOF DESIGN
INSULATION
THERMAL MASS
SPACE
BUILDING FORM
LANDSCAPE/SHADING
GLAZING/WINDOWS
Diagram 4.3: Bio-climatic architecture.
Wansa alice 41
p r i n c i p l e s i n v o lv e d i n
b i o - c l i m at i c d e s i g n
• Elimination of heat that accumulates in the summer inside the building to the surroundings by using
natural ventilation especially during night time.
• Heat protection for the buildings in cold or hot climate. This is done using certain methods that are
applied to the external cover of the building, usually maximum insulation and air tightness to the
building and its openings.
• Use of solar energy to offer warmth to the building especially during winter and for day lighting
throughout the year. This is executed by orientating the buildings as well as openings by laying out
the interior spaces based on their heating requirements and through passive solar systems which
collects solar radiation and acts as natural heating and lighting systems.
• Improvement of the microclimate around the buildings through the bioclimatic design of the
exterior spaces and in general of the built environment.
• Ensuring insulation combined with solar control for day lighting of buildings in order to provide
sufficient and evenly distributed light for the interior spaces.
• Protection of buildings from the hot sun mainly by shading but also by suitable treatment of the
building walls for example by applying reflective colors and surfaces. (Bioclimatic Design and Passive
Solar Systems, n.d.)
42 wansa alice
C O N T E M P O R A RY A R C H I T E C T U R E
Figure 4.5 : Photograph of Menara Mesiniaga.
Contemporary architecture retains the modernism’s devotion to connecting the indoors and
outdoors in order to achieve the feeling of spaciousness. Contemporary architecture is talked about
as the present day building style. Today’s architects architects are most concerned with energy
efficiency and material sustainability and this has truly led to some innovative designs. (Beuerlein,
2015) The examples of the contemporary designs do not necessarily protray similar futures because
the styles has a lot of variety as it is influenced from different sources. Although contemporary homes
typically include an irregular shaped frames, open floor plans, oversized windows and use of green
and repurposed components. These are commonly organic designs that fit in with the surrounding
space and they meet any immediate need in the area.
m a i n e l e m e n t s i n c o n t e m p o r a ry d e s i g n
• Natural light
• Natural sustainable components
• Recyclable and nontoxic materials
Wansa alice 43
modern ARCHITECTURE
Figure 4.6 : Two of the six steel tubes of Menara Mesiniaga.
Figure 4.7 : Aluminium covers the sun shaders of the build-

ing.
Menara Mesiniaga also show modern architectural elements in its design especially in the use of
materials. Modern architecture arises following a new construction technology era as new
construction materials and methods are explored and revealed. The most prominent which is
concrete. Menara Mesiniaga uses concrete for its main structure and a structural frame made with
steel outriggers. The use of aluminium composite panels for cladding also shows a feature of modern
architecture. Glass is widely used as well as the architect intend to put good use to Malaysia’s
abundant natural light.
44 wansa alice
s t r u c t u r a l f e at u r e s
The structural features of the building are clear indication of its architecture style.
Diagram 4.4 : Concept diagrams of Menara Mesiniaga.
BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE
Planting can be found amongst the triple height recessed terraces in the upper reaches of the
building. The atriums facilitate natural ventilation with cool air and the vegetation enhances the shade
and also increases oxygen supply. On the north and south facades, curtain wall glazing is used to
control solar gain. The east and west facades have the external aluminum fins louvers that provide
sun shading.
The façade is a sieve like filter. The louvers and shades relate to the orientation of the building.
Their duty is to allow or reduce solar gain. The deep garden insets allow full height curtain walls on the
north and south sides as a response to tropical overhead sun path. The core functions are located at
the “hot “side, the east. (Green, 2006)
MODERN ARCHITECTURE, STRUCTURAL EXPRESSIONISM

The structure is completely exposed. The structural system is reinforced concrete with a steel
structure used for mezzanine and balconies.
05
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION,
STRUCTURE &
M AT E R I A L S
A N A LY S I S
WONG LIENG KAM | 0323566

b u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n , s t r u c t u r e & m at e r i a ls a n a lys i s
46 wong lieng kam
exposed steel tubes
Exposed steels tubes span the whole height of

Menara Mesiniaga. They are able to be exposed to the
surrounding as the tropical climate of Malaysia allows an
exposed structure without much consequences. These
tubes are placed at specific intervals on the plan and
serve as a supporting structure for the floors. The floor
plates are constructed using concrete over steel trusses
which are both materials of modernism.
Figure 5.1 : Part of the exposed steel tubes can be

seen from this photograph.
Diaram 5.1 -5.2 : The main structure of Menara Mesiniaga is Diagram 5.3 : The elevator lobbies, lavatories
exposed steel tubes can be clearly seen from these and office spaces on the east are blocked by the
concept diagrams. exposed steel tubes.
Wong lieng kam 47
aluminium louvres
Aluminium louvres are presented in all the windows

on the east and west in order to provide thermal comfort
by limiting sun exposure on the building. The curtain wall
glazing is used to control solar gain and on the north
and south facades. These bands of aluminium forms an
important part of the facade of the building. Its seemingly
random arrangment actually follows the direction of the
spiral sky garden available in the building and thus
accentuates its presence.
Figure 5.2 : Part of the aluminium louvres can be

seen from this photograph.
Diagram 5.4-5.5 : The aluminium louvres can be clearly seen from these concept diagrams.
48 wong lieng kam
sunscreen on rooftop
The sunscreen structure is made of steel and holds

aluminum panels. The structure has the capability of
holding solar panels (if ever installed). The screen shades
the pool as well as the roof of the building. The rainwater
collection system is also on the roof. The roof is not
problem-free. Due to the high-humidity, there has been
some leakage and the deterioration of insulation.
Therefore, some rusting has occurred elsewhere in the
building.
Figure 5.3 : Part of the sunscreen structure on roof

top can be seen from this photograph.
Figure 5.4 : Part of the sunscreen structure on roof

top can be seen from this photograph.
Diagram 5.6 : The sunscreen structure on roof top

can be clearly seen from this concept diagram.
Wong lieng kam 49
reinforced concrete &

c o n v e n t i o n a l s t r u c t u r a l c u rta i n wa l ls
The reinforced concrete and conventional structural
curtain walls were semi-unitized, half on site and half
prefabricated and then moved to the site. AluminIum work
on the facade was fabricated off site and later installed on
site.
Figure 5.5 : Part of the aluminium louvres can be Figure 5.6 : Part of the semi-unitized structural
seen from this photograph. walls can be seen from this photograph.
Diagram 5.7-5.8 : The reinforced concrete and conventional structural curtain walls were semi-unitized, which can be
clearly seen from this concept diagram..
50 wong lieng kam
C H O I C E O F M AT E R I A LS & L E V E L O F T E C H N O L O GY
Through the excellent choice of materials, the concept of the building is well expressed and the
corporate image of technological products and be presented. However, due to climatic circumstanc-
es, some of the materials are not well thought out. Glass, steel and aluminium are materials that do not
correspond to local technologies at that time. There was no establishment of a regional recycled con-
struction materials company yet. Therefore, the local practice did not create a helpful infrastructure to
regain the value of construction waste.
A tangible transition in material used can be felt as one walks through the building. For example,
as the spaces change, the use of materials becomes warmer. The steel elements and structures were
specifically designed by the architect in drawings and submitted to the engineers. What is remained is
just for the engineers to size the pieces to be built. Most of them were imported from Japan like the
cladding and the suspended glass in the ground floor lobby. While for the interior paneling, partitions
and carpeting were imported from the United States. (Yeang, 2015)
Wong lieng kam 51
M AT E R I A LS A N A LYS I S
Figure 5.7 : Part of the steel structure and reinforced concrete as structural system can be seen from this photograph.
The structural system is reinforced concrete, which

has high relative strength, irrespective of corrosion or
sustained stress and most importantly thermal
compatibility, and with the modern material, which is steel
structure, which has high strength; easy to work with.
FOUNDATION
Bore concrete piles: the principal structural members
are reinforced concrete and a structural frame uses steel
outriggers. The usage of reinforced concrete is to be
compatible with the surrounding temperatures and
provide durability, irrespective of corrosion or sustained
stress.
Diagram 5.9 : Steel structure and reinforced
concrete as structural system can be seen
from this concept diagram.
52 wong lieng kam
INFILL
Brickwork for internal fire protected areas
which brick is said to be an excellent cladding
choice to resist or confine fires. Glazed panels
for external cladding, which increases the
thermal efficiency of buildings are reduces
water and air infiltration, and gypsum board for
Figure 5.8 : Part of the aluminium composite panels on vari-
ous parts can be seen from this photograph. internal partitioning which has the advantages
of being sound attenuating, economical, fire
resistant and versatile.
RENDERING AND FINISHES

Imported aluminium composite panels
which is an economical selection, provided with
outstanding thermal comfort, protecting the
environment, least maintenance, durable and
excellent weather resistance is used for
cladding with local spray tile finish to other
Figure 5.9 : Part of the awhite marble used for lobby walls masonry areas like columns and walls. White
can be seen from this photograph. marble which is aesthetical, resistant to fire,
shattering and erosion is used for lobby walls.
Quartz tiles which are very durable, fire
resistance and porous are used for lobby
feature wall.
Figure 5.10 : Part of the quartz tiles used for lobby feature
wall can be seen from this photograph.
Wong lieng kam 53
Figure 5.11-5.12 : Part of the granite flooring in the lobby can be seen from these photographs.
FLOORING
Imported granite, which is beautiful, bacteria and stain resistant, is used in the lobby with
homogeneous local tiles for the poolside, toilet, and roof terraces. But provided with that the granite
flooring is expensive and regular maintenance is necessary.
Figure 5.13-5.14 : Part of the homogeneous local tiles can be seen from these photographs.
Homogeneous local tiles for the poolside, toilet, and roof terraces.
54 wong lieng kam
Figure 5.15-5.16 : Part of the imported carpet at lift lobbies can be seen from these photographs.
FLOORING
Imported carpet and tiles for the office areas and lift lobbies.
FIgure 5.17-5.18 : Part of the exposed aggregate plaster used for forecourt and apron can be seen from these
photographs.
Exposed aggregate plaster used for forecourt and apron.
Wong lieng kam 55
RECEPTION
MINERAL FIBER BOARD
AUDITORIUM
Diagram 5.10 : The placement of the materials. Figure 5.19 : Part of the mineral fiber board can be seen from
this photograph.
FLOORING
Imported mineral fiber board which has much execution, sound ingestion, flame resistant, warm
protection, bacteria resistance, ecological assurance is used for office areas and life lobbies. The
usages of Fibrous plaster and gypsum board, which can be easily installed, impact resistant, and as a
thermal insulator for ground floor reception, auditorium and exhibition space.
Figure 5.20-5.21 : Part of the gypsum board and fibrous plaster used for ground floor reception, auditorium can be seen
from this photograph.
56 wong lieng kam
Mostly double-glazed.
The laminated light-green
glass and glazing detailing
acts as a ventilation-filter
without wholly insulating the
interior.
Figure 5.22 : Part of the laminated double glazed light green glass can be seen from
this photograph.
Diagram 5.11-5.12 : The laminated double glazed light green glass from both east eleva-
tion and south west elevation can be clearly seen from these concept diagrams.
Wong lieng kam 57
Figure 5.23 : Part of the painted mild steel outriggers can be seen from this
photograph.
Figure 5.24 : The sunroof.
Imported metal deck roofing which is an energy efficient roofing type as it reflects solar heat and
cut back on cooling costs is used for the sky gymnasium. Also painted mild steel outriggers for the
roof structure and mezzanine.
Figure 5.25-5.26 : Part of the metal deck roofing used for the sky gymnasium
can be seen from these photographs.
58 wong lieng kam
c o m pa r i n g t o o t h e r b u i l d i n g by t h e a r c h i t e c t
Menara Mesiniaga is a “Structural Expressionism” or “Late Modernism” style building, incorporating

elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design. Structural Expressionist buildings
reveal their structure on the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the inter-
nal steel and/or concrete skeletal structure as opposed to exterior concrete walls. Therefore, by com-
paring with Ken Yeang’s National Library in Singapore, which is also a high-tech sustainable building,
similarities can be found. (Yeang, 2016)
Figure 5.27 : Menara Mesiniaga Figure 5.28 : National Library of Singapore
menara mesiniaga NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SINGAPORE
FOundation CONCRETE PILES
primary material GLASS, STEEL, ALUMINIUM & CONCRETE
technical elements SOLAR CELLS
design techniques BIOCLIMATIC
exposed structure STEEL
flexible interior STEEL
orientation ORIENTED AWAY FROM THE HEAT FROM THE SUN
form SPHERICAL FORM MINIMIZES SURFACE AREA REDUCING HEAT

LOSS AND HEAT GAIN
Wong lieng kam 59
c o m pa r i n g t o o t h e r b u i l d i n g I N T H E W E S T
The Rotunda is a cylindrical building in Birmingham, England. It was originally an office building
but has since then refurbished into an apartment building that has a modern architectural style. The
construction of the Rotunda was considered unique as it was mostly built on the ground level then
‘jacked up’ one floor at a time. The building has a reinforced concrete central core instead of exposed
steel tubes like Menara Mesiniaga.
Figure 5.29 : Rotunda (Birmingham)

06
ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS &
COMPONENTS
A N A LY S I S
WONG TECK POH | 0327462

a r c h i t e c t u r a l e l e m e n t s & c o m p o n e n t s a n a lys i s
Wong teck poh 61
Diagram 6.1 : An overview of some of the architectural elements on the building.

62 wong teck poh
s p i r a l s ky g a r d e n
Figure 6.1 : Part of the spiral sky garden on the recessed part of the building.
To enhance the concept of a bio-

climatic tall building, the architect
introduces a spiral sky garden into the
building. This involves a ‘green’ space
(garden) placed on different positions
on most of the floors which creates a
continuous spiral upwards style of a
garden. This responds to rain in such a
way that when rain falls, the planting on
each floor will absorb it. The balance
of rain water will then be returned to
the ground as ground water. This also
allows each floor to have an open area
which serves as a connection to nature. Diagram 6.2: Concept Diagram 6.3 : The position of a sky garden on
diagram showing the sky one of the floor plans.
garden spaces.
Wong teck poh 63
r e c e s s e d w i n d o ws a n d e x t e r n a l l o u v r e s
Figure 6.2 : The recessed windows are shaded when natural light reaches them. The external louvres provide shading to
the spaces inside.
Due to the sky garden, it creates

a recessed part on each floor where
the windows placed here are more
shaded due to the extruded part
created from the upper floor. The
window areas here have external
louvres as solar-shading to
reduce solar heat gain to the interior
spaces. External louvres that follows the
spiral sky garden are added as well as
solar shading to reduce solar heat
gain to the interior spaces. These
external louvres are cladded with alu-
minium which acts as a good reflective Diagram 6.4 : Concept Figure 6.3 : Close up Figure 6.4 : Close up
diagram focusing on of the external louvres of the smaller external
surface to reduce solar exposure.
the external louvres. structure. louvres.
64 wong teck poh
c u rta i n wa l l g l a z i n g
Figure 6.5 : Curtain wall glazing that forms part of the facade of the building.
Besides the external louvres

as facade, curtain walls are an
important part of the façade of the
building as well. This
provides a full height
openings to the spaces inside,
allowing abundant natural light to
enter the building which utilizes
the high intensity of light provided
due to Malaysia’s climate, reducing
the need for artificial lighting in the
interior spaces. These glazing also
allows positive views as well as
opportunities for natural ventilation. Diagram 6.5 : Concept Diagram 6.6 : Curtain wall glazing occupies
diagram relating the the whole floor plan.
curtain wall glazing
available on the building.
Wong teck poh 65
v e rt i ca l c o r e
Figure 6.6 : The view of the uppermost level of the service core through a window.
The building further expands on its

passive design by having its core service
area on the east side of the building. By
strategically placing the core function,
this reduces the need for artificial light-
ing. The orientation of the exposed core
absorbs heat and blocks direct light to
the interiors of the building during the
day which acts as a heat sink. Due to
the materials used in the core service,
the absorbed heat will then be radiated
into the interior spaces during the night
where heat is valued more. By pushing
the core outwards, the architect has
taken advantage of natural ventilation Diagram 6.7 : Concept Diagram 6.8 : Position of the vertical core is
diagram showing the highlighted on the floor plan.
and natural lighting. (Safamanesh, 1995)
placement of the vertical
core.
66 wong teck poh
v e rt i ca l c o r e
Figure 6.7 : Ground floor lift lobby featuring marble tiles and high windows.
Windows are placed

along all elevator
lobbies. Visual
orientation is made
easier as users will now
be able to locate oneself
after exiting the
elevator. The window
feature is also applied in the
stairways and toilets,
allowing them to be
naturally ventilated and
receives natural light-
ing. (Safamanesh, 1995) Figure 6.8 : View of vertical core from the Figure 6.9 : The view available from the
outside. uppermost level of the vertical core.
Wong teck poh 67
sunroof
Figure 6.10 : The crown of the building - the sunroof.
The crown is the only

decorative element to an otherwise
completely exposed structure. It
is planned to add solar panels to
the crown which will provide more
shading to the rooftop as well as
providing an alternate source of
energy to the green
building and thus reducing
energy consumption.
(Safamanesh, 1995) The shape of the
sunroof portrays the easily
shapable property of steel. The
cantilever roof located under the Diagram 6.9 : Concept Figure 6.11 : A small view of the cantilever
diagram highlighting the roof beneath the sunroof.
crown also provides shading to
sunroof.
the south side of the building.
68 wong teck poh
r a i s e d b as e
Figure 6.12 : Part of the raised ‘green’ base and the landscape surrounding it.
The raised ‘green’ base

provides a connection of the
building to the flat ground of
the site. (Davidson, 1995) It also
provides a space for planting and
allows a continuation to the spi-
ral sky courts. The architect intro-
duced this element to the building to
create an image of a building
rising up from the ground. The
raised base also provides a roof for
the underground carpark which
allows other architectural elements.
Diagram 6.10 : Concept di- Figure 6.13 : Raised base on the other side.
agram showing the raised
‘green’ base.
Wong teck poh 69
s ky l i g h t i n ca r pa r k
Figure 6.14 : Openings on the raised base that allows natural light to stream in to the carpark during the day.
To incorporate
natural lighting to
the dimly lit under-
ground carpark, the
architect introduced
openings through the
raised base to allow
natural light to enter
the carpark. This al-
lows for a better view
in the carpark as well
as reducing the us-
age of artificial lighting.
Figure 6.15 : The lighting the openings Figure 6.16 : The shadows created.
created.
70 wong teck poh
r o o f s pa c e
Figure 6.17 : The unfortunately empty swimming pool and the view on the roof top.
The rooftop of Menara

Mesiniaga has a lot of
functional spaces and
recreational facilities
such as gymnasium and
swimming pool. The
gymnasium is topped with a
curvilinear roof to provide ther-
mal comfort to the user inside
especially during
the noon where the
uppermost floor is most ex-
posed. The water in the
swimming pool insulates and Figure 6.18 : The entrance of the Figure 6.19 : The dining area under
gymnasium on the rooftop. the stairs.
reflects the overhead sun
which acts as a heat sink.
07
CONCLUSION
conclusion
72
Menara Mesiniaga introduced a new thinking to the architecture community as it is considered

one of the first bio-climatic tower. The architect of this building, Ken Yeang, used many different
architectural elements to fulfill the brief as well as his principles of bio-climatic architecture. With this, a
low energy but high perfomance building is achieved. The IBM tower represented an emerging tech-
nology , which fits with the client’s intention of having a symbolic building that represents their high
technological products. Yeang calls this new type the ‘bioclimatic tall building’ and provides it with
sensible, energy-saving climatic controls.
The most impressionable part of this building are the green sky gardens which twist up the build-
ing on the outer edge which creates a break in the 15-storey high building in the form of a recessed
terrace. It allows the usage of external aluminium louvres on the curtain wall glazing which is installed
in a way where it highlights the spiral sky courts. This paired with a crown roof structure on top and a
sloping base which forms a connection to the flate site allows the high tech image much more organ-
ic and natural, which was termed as ‘organictech’ by one of the jurors of the 1995 Aga Khan Award, of
which Mesiniaga tower proudly won.
The idea for designing this building has influenced some of his projects like the use of ‘sky courts’,
natural ventilation and also vertical landscaping. Yeang also started to use removable partitions and
floors, water recycling and purification, green materials and also building material that can be recycled
and reused in addition to his existing design principles for bio-climatic architecture. All of these design
aspects are helping in Yeang’s hopes to change how one thinks about skyscrapers where instead of a
typical tall solid looking structure, it can have elements that responds to its surroundings especially in
terms of climate.
Ken Yeang’s ‘bioclimatic architecture’ recalls the climatic architecture of the 1950s and Frank
Lloyd Wright’s skyscraper projects, in a move towards a new architecture for the 1990s. the result is an
alternative to the reigning mode of corporate towers and a new synthesis for contemporary architec-
ture that is responsive to the climate of a particular place and finds inspiration for a new architectural
language. (Powell, 1999)
references
73
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Image references
75
cover
Menara Mesiniaga [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.designwithhonesty.com/2014/01/
menara-mesiniaga-bioclimatic-way-of.html
INTRODUCTION
Figure 0 : Menara Mesiniaga [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/774098/
ad-classics-menara-mesiniaga-t-r-hamzah-and-yeang-sdn-bhd
Figure 1.1 : Mesiniaga logo [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://malaysian-career.blogspot.
my/2015/08/employment-at-mesiniaga.html
Figure 1.2 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 1.3 : Ken Yeang [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://500px.com/photo/115759267/da-
tuk-ken-yeang-by-abdul-khabir-mohamed-ali
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
Map 2.1 : [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Map and edited by Wong Lok Xuan.
Map 2.2 : [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google Map and edited by Wong Lok Xuan.
Figure 2.1-2.2, 2.8-2.10 : View from Menara Mesiniaga rooftop [Photograph]. (2017, June 3) Taken by
Wong Lok Xuan.
Figure 2.3, 2.18 : Carpark [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 2.4 : Outdoor carpark [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lok Xuan.
Figure 2.5 : Guard house [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 2.6, 2.22 : Entrance [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lok Xuan.
Figure 2.7 : Gate [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lok Xuan.
Figure 2.11 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 2.12 : Lobby [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lok Xuan.
Figure 2.13 : Plantings [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/menara-mesin-
iaga-building-science-report
Figure 2.14 : Cantilever roof [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
menara-mesiniaga-building-science-report
Figure 2.15-2.17 : Exterior [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 2.19 : Terrace [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 2.20 : Air conditioner [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
Figure 2.21 : Swimming pool [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 2.22-2.23 : Louvres [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
image references
76
Diagram 2.1, 2.6 : Plan [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/files/721.pdf
and edited by Wong Lok Xuan.
Diagram 2.2-2.5 : Sun Path [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
Diagram 2.7-2.10 : Digital model [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
Diagram 2.11-2.13, 2.16 : Elevation [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
menara-mesiniaga-building-science-report and edited by Wong Lok Xuan.
Diagram 2.14 : Shade details [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
Diagram 2.15 : Heat map [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/menara-me-
siniaga-building-science-report
Diagram 2.17 : Window section [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
Graph 2.1 : Humidity [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/menara-mesinia-
ga-building-science-report
Graph 2.2-2.4 : Temperature [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/
Graph 2.5 : Wind statistics [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.windfinder.com/windstat-
ics/morib_kuala_lumpur?fspot=putrajaya_lake
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT OF BUILDING
Diagram 3.1-3.2: Drawings [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/files/726.
pdf and edited by Wong Lieng Kam
Diagram 3.3-3.11: Plans [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/files/721.pdf
Diagram 3.12-3.16 : Drawings [Digital Image]. (2017, May 13) Drawn by Wong Lieng Kam with refer-
ence to http://www.solaripedia.com/files/726.pdf
ARCHITECTURE STYLE ANALYSIS
Figure 4.1, 4.6-4.7 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 4.2 : BMA Tower [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMA_Tower
Figure 4.3 : River Place Tower [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River-
place_Tower
Figure 4.4 : John Hancock Center [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.
org/wiki/File:John_Hancock_Center_2.jpg
Figure 4.5 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wansa Alice.
Image references
77
Diagram 4.1 : Drawings [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/files/726.pdf

Diagram 4.2-4.3 : Bio-climatic design [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/
pin/463730092850950854/
Diagram 4.4 : Concept diagrams [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/
files/726.pdf
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE & MATERIALS ANALYSIS
Figure 5.1 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lieng Kam.
Figure 5.2, 5.6-5.7, 5.23, 5.27 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck
Poh.
Figure 5.3-5.4, 5.24 : Sunroof [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 5.5 : Aluminium louvres [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lieng Kam.
Figure 5.8 : Entrance [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 5.9, 5.11-5.12 : Lobby [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lieng Kam.
Figure 5.10 : Quartz tiles [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lieng Kam.
Figure 5.13 : Tiles [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lieng Kam.
Figure 5.15-5.21 : Materials [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Lieng Kam.
Figure 5.22 : Details [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 5.25 : Roof [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 5.26 : Cantilever roof [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wansa Alice.
Figure 5.28 : National Library of Singapore [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.
com/214147/architecture-city-guide-singapore/national-library-courtesy-of-flickr-cc-license-iam-
bents/
Figure 5.29 : Rotunda [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Rotunda,_Birmingham_050909.JPG
Diagram 5.1 : Drawings [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://archnet.org/sites/957/publica-
tions/8633 and edited by Wong Lieng Kam
Diagram 5.2-5.9, 5.11-5.12 : Drawings [Digital Image]. (2017, May 13) Drawn by Wong Lieng Kam with
reference to http://www.solaripedia.com/files/726.pdf
Diagram 5.10 : Plan [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.solaripedia.com/files/721.pdf
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS & COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
Figure 6.1-6.2 : Menara Mesiniaga [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.3-6.4 : Details [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.5 : Curtain wall glazing [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
image references
78
Figure 6.6 : Lift lobby [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.7 : Ground floor lobby [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.8 : Vertical core [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.9 : View [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.10 : Sunroof [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.11 : Overhanging roof [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.12-6.13 : Raised base [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.14-6.16 : Car park [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.18 : Gymnasium entrance [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Figure 6.19 : Eating area [Photograph]. (2017, June 3). Taken by Wong Teck Poh.
Diagram 6.1 : Axonometric [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://archnet.org/sites/957/publica-
tions/8633 and edited by Wong Teck Poh.
Diagram 6.2-6.10 : Concept diagram [Digital Image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://archnet.org/
sites/957/publications/8633 and edited by Wong Teck Poh.

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MENARA MESINIAGA

Figure 1.1 : Mesiniaga logo

Address : 1, Jalan SS16/1, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia

Figure 1.2 : Menara Mesiniaga from a distance away.

Figure 1.3 : Ken Yeang

WONG LOK XUAN | 0325529

Map 2.1 : The map shows the

Diagram 2.1 : This shows the

Figure 2.8 : View from Menara Mesiniaga towards Subang

Figure 2.9 (A) : Casa Tiara Condominium.

Figure 2.10 (B) : Subang Ria Recreational Park.

Graph 2.1 : The annual relative humidity for Kuala Lumpur.

Graph 2.2 : The annual maximum temperature for

Graph 2.3 : The annual minimum temperature for

Graph 2.4 : The annual average temperature for

This building is built vertically to allow exposure

Figure 2.11 : The north view of Menara Mesiniaga.

The architect of Menara Mesiniaga purposely

This artificial sloping landscape which is also

Figure 2.13 : The sky garden located in Menara Mesiniaga.

At the north and south sides there is curtain

The presence of the greenery that

The greeneries that are located at the open public

Figure 2.15 : Plantation in front of the entrance.

Figure 2.16 : Greenery surrounding the tower.

Figure 2.17 : Plantation in the open public area.

Diagram 2.7 : The model of Menara Mesiniaga shows the

On the south and west façade, louvers and

Diagram 2.8 : The south-west of the Menara Mesiniaga model.

On the north and south façade the curtain wall

Diagram 2.9 : The west side of the Menara Mesiniaga model.

This model massing that shows the shading and the

Diagram 2.10 : The south of the Menara Mesiniaga model.

Figure 2.18 : The basement parking area of Menara Mesinia-

Figure 2.19 : The open space which located at second floor.

Figure 2.22 : Lobby entrance of Menara Mesiniaga.

Diagram 2.12 : The basic air flow within the tower.

The glass exterior walls of the

Diagram 2.17 : Sketch of

As warm air passes through

WONG LIENG KAM | 0323566

ARTIFICIAL LANDSCAPE & WINDOWS

Diagram 3.1 : East elevation of Menara Mesiniaga.

EXPOSED COLUMNS AND BEAMS ing. These terraces are accessible on

cross-ventilated cooling opening up to them to naturally. The

MULTI-STOREY TRANSITIONS SPACES

Diagram 3.2 : South-west elevation of Menara Mesin-

Diagram 3.3 : Ground floor plan of Menara Mesiniaga.

MEZZANINE LEVEL FIRST FLOOR SECOND FLOOR

FOURTH FLOOR SEVENTH FLOOR EIGHTH FLOOR

Diagram 3.4-3.11 : Floor plans of Menara

NINTH FLOOR TENTH FLOOR

REPETITION OF GLASS WINDOW

The repetition of glass window of the building allow the nat-

Diagram 3.12 : Concept diagram of repetition of glass window.

Shading devices reflect the sunlight. The shields of the sun

Diagram 3.13 : Concept diagram of repetition of asymmetrical balance

Artificial landscape & windows was created to shelter and

Curvilinear roof helps provide thermal comfort for users of

Diagram 3.15 : Concept diagram of contrast of form.

Columns and beams are open to cross-ventilated cooling.

Diagram 3.16 : Concept diagram of contrast of materials.

WANSA ALICE | 0324984