Lab 3: DFT & IDFT using MATLAB

Date: 06/08/2019
AIM: (a) Compute 4-point DFT and IDFT for sequence x(n) = {1,2,3,4} using
MATLAB.
(b) Compute N point DFT and IDFT for the above sequence if frequency
resolution is 0.25π using MATLAB.
THEORY:
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is the transform that deals with a finite discrete
time signal and a finite or discrete number of frequencies.
The N-point DFT of any signal x[n] is defined as follows:

Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) is inverse of DFT and N-point IDFT is
defined as follows:

DFT and IDFT algorithm takes time to execute. To minimise the time or
operation FFT algorithm was introduced which is Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) .
FFT takes .

- MATLAB Direct function or command used:

1) – Compute DFT and IDFT directly
2) tic toc – Time elapsed to execute particular code segment.
3) figure – Creates new figure window

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 FLOWCHART/ALGORITHM:
1) Computing DFT
a. Create a matrix of zeros of length N i.e. length of given vector i.e. .
b. Run a for loop from 0 to N-1 (Loop Variable i)
c. Nested for loop from 0 to N-1 (Loop Variable j)
d. Using equation below we calculated DFT of signal

e. Finally, plot its stem plot of magnitude and phase response.

Magnitude plot is plotted using function and phase plot using
.
2) Computing IDFT
a. Create a matrix of zeros of length N i.e. length of given vector i.e.
.
b. Run a for loop from 0 to N-1 (Loop Variable i)
c. Nested for loop from 0 to N-1 (Loop Variable j)
d. Using equation below we calculated DFT of signal

)
e. Finally, plot its stem plot of magnitude and phase response.
Magnitude plot is plotted using function and phase plot using
.

PROGRAM:

clc
close all
clear all

x=[1,2,3,4]
xk=zeros(1,length(x))
n=length(x)
tic
for j=1:1:n
sum=0
for p=1:1:n
sum=sum+x(p)*exp(-1i*((2*pi)/n)*(j-1)*(p-1))
end
xk(j)=round(sum,4)
EC303 – Digital Signal Processing, Electronics engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat-07 2
end
toc
disp(xk)
subplot(4,2,1)
stem(xk)
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('4 point dft')

idft=zeros(1,n)
for j=1:1:n
sum=0
for p=1:1:n
sum=sum+xk(p)*exp(1i*((2*pi)/n)*(p-1)*(j-1))
end
idft(j)=(1/n)*sum
end
disp(idft)
subplot(4,2,2)
stem(idft)
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('4 point idft')

x1=[1,2,3,4,0,0,0,0]
xk1=zeros(1,length(x1))
n=length(x1)
for j=1:1:n
sum=0
for p=1:1:n
sum=sum+x1(p)*exp(-1i*((2*pi)/n)*(j-1)*(p-1))
end
xk1(j)=round(sum,4)
end
disp(xk1)
subplot(4,2,3)
stem(xk1)
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('8 point dft')

idft1=zeros(1,n)
for j=1:1:n
sum=0
for p=1:1:n
EC303 – Digital Signal Processing, Electronics engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat-07 3
 sum=sum+xk1(p)*exp(1i*((2*pi)/n)*(p-1)*(j-1))
end
idft1(j)=(1/n)*sum
end
disp(idft1)
subplot(4,2,4)
stem(idft1)
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('8 point idft')

tic
y=fft(x)
toc
xaxis=[0,1,2,3]
subplot(4,2,5)
stem(xaxis,abs(xk))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('4 point dft mag')
subplot(4,2,6)
stem(xaxis,abs(fft(x)))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('4 point dft mag inbuilt')
subplot(4,2,7)
stem(xaxis,angle(xk))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('4 point dft ang')
subplot(4,2,8)
stem(xaxis,angle(fft(x)))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('4 point dft ang inbuilt')

y1=fft(x1)
xaxis=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
figure;
subplot(2,2,1)
stem(xaxis,abs(xk1))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('8 point dft mag')
subplot(2,2,2)
EC303 – Digital Signal Processing, Electronics engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat-07 4
stem(xaxis,abs(fft(x1)))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('8 point dft mag inbuilt')
subplot(2,2,3)
stem(xaxis,angle(xk1))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('8 point dft ang')
subplot(2,2,4)
stem(xaxis,angle(fft(x1)))
xlabel('f')
ylabel('amp')
title('8 point dft ang inbuilt')

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RESULT:

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CONCLUSION:
We have implemented program to compute DFT and IDFT and verified the
time taken by inbuilt function and the program.

EC303 – Digital Signal Processing, Electronics engineering Department, SVNIT, Surat-07 7

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