Lab # 06: Design and analysis of single phase full wave controlled rectifier

Objectives
 To familiarize with the SCR in single phase full-wave controlled rectification with resistive
(R) and inductive load (L)

Equipment Required

 (Single phase half and full wave controlled rectifier trainer)

 Oscilloscope
 Load connection cords
 Power Supply connection cords
 Single phase AC supply (220V, 50Hz)

Lab Instructions

 This lab activity comprises of two parts: In Lab Exercises and Lab report.
 The students should perform and demonstrate each lab task for step-wise evaluation.
 Only those tasks that completed during the allocated lab time will be credited to the students.
Students are however encouraged to practice on their own in spare time for enhancing their
skills.
 The instructor will provide a brief description of the various sections, of the
oscilloscope and function generator.

Lab Report Instructions

All questions should be answered precisely to get maximum credit. Lab report must ensure following
items:
 Lab objectives
 Results (graphs) duly commented and discussed
 Conclusion

Background Theory:
Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectification:

The electric drive that will be discussed is a single-phase, full-wave controlled rectifier. This
adjustable speed drive is similar to the single-phase, half-wave controlled rectifier. As an example,
this rectifier is presented to control a separately excited DC motor. The single-phase, full-wave
controlled rectifier consists of four thyristors. The increase in thyristors provides for better control
compared to the half-wave controlled rectifier. The obvious disadvantage of the full-wave rectifier
is the increase in price because of the increase in the number of thyristor. Figure 1 shows a
separately excited DC motor controlled by a single-phase, full-wave controlled rectifier.
There are three different modes of operation for the single-phase, full-wave controlled rectifier.
The first is discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In DCM, the current Ia reaches zero and stays
at zero for a certain period of time. The next mode is continuous conduction mode (CCM). In
CCM, Ia does not reach zero at any point during the period. The finial mode of operation is
critically discontinuous.

Fig1: Single phase, full-wave controlled rectifier

conduction mode (CDCM). In CDCM, the current Ia reaches zero and then immediately starts to
increase. Unlike the half-wave rectifier, the full-wave rectifier has the ability to manipulate the
current when Vs is negative. There are three modes in DCM. The first mode is when from time
t = 0 until 𝛼. Mode one is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig 2: Mode one of DCM

In mode one, there is no current in the armature; this results in a Va equal to the back emf Ea.
Mode two occurs when the source voltage Vs is positive. Mode two is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig 3: Mode two of DCM

In mode two, T1 and T2 are conducting and T3 and T4 are not conducting. Va is equal to the
source voltage Vs.

The finial mode is mode three. Mode three is shown in Fig. 4.

Fig 4: Mode three of DCM

This mode is the opposite of mode two. In mode three, T3 and T4 are conducting and T1 and T2
are not conducting. This makes the voltage Va equal to the negative of the source voltage Vs.
Figure 5 shows the waveforms of the rectifier in DCM. As seen in Fig. 5, the conducting angle
occurs twice per period, once when the source voltage Vs is positive and again when the source
voltage is negative. In addition, in mode one, the voltage Va is equal to the back EMF Ea until ∝.

Fig 5: Waveforms of a single phase, controlled full-wave rectifier in DCM

Continuous conduction mode is similar to DCM, but in CCM, mode one does not exist. Figure 6
shows the circuit operating in CCM. CCM occurs when Va is large compared to Ea. Notice that
Va is never equal to Ea.

Fig 6: Waveforms of a single phase, controlled full-wave rectifier in CCM

Mean value of load voltage:

𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶
𝑽𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 =𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝝅

RMS Load Voltage:

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝜶
√(𝝅 − 𝜶 + 𝟐 )⁄
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐𝝅

Operating procedure for single phase half-wave controlled rectifier with

resistive laod:

 Take single phase controlled rectifier trainer, oscilloscope, connection cords, and then make
connection as shown in below Figure 7
 Record the waveform and drive the results
 Figure 7: Circuit diagram of full-wave controlled rectifier

 Rotate the firing control pot in full anti-clockwise direction to set the firing angle to zero
 Switch ‘On’ the power
 Connect the oscilloscope and voltmeter across the load
 Observe the output waveforms and note the readings of voltage across load on different
firing angles
 Calculate the average load Io current and power Po.

Results:

Attach input graph here

 Measured Input Voltages
Peak-to-peak Voltage

Peak Voltage

RMS Voltage

Average Voltage

Table 1: Measured input values

Attach graph here (Drive signal/Minimum phase)

Attach graph here (Drive signal/Maximum phase)

Attach output graph here (when α is 300 and 900)

Attach output graph here with RL load (when α is 300 )

 Results:

Input AC voltage Firing Angle Vmean across load

Sr. No.
𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶
𝑽𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 =𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙
VRMS VP In Degree 𝝅

Attach the graph between firing angle & Vmean

Use modern tools/resources (Proteus/PSPICE/MATLAB) for implementing full wave controlled rectifier circuit.

Analysis / Conclusion

(By Student about Learning from the Lab)

Post Lab Work:

1. Write down the application of full wave controlled rectifier

2. What are the advantages of full wave controlled rectifier?
3. Write down the types of full wave controlled rectifiers.