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MAGNOLIOPHYTA
A. Class Magnoliopsida
B. Class Liliopsida
Renzo D. Romero
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Our Lady of Fatima University
Angiosperm
• The largest and most diverse of the
phyla of the Plant Kingdom
• Etymology of the word angiosperm
from the Greek words angeion,
meaning “vessel” which is the
carpel of the plant and sperma,
meaning “seed”
• Presently considered as Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Pistil and Stamen
Pollen in anther
w/ male gametes
Ovary = “enlarged area”
w/ ovules (immature seeds)
Development of Gametophytes
Tip of stamen is the anther, which contains
the microsporangia
produce microspores
1 egg nucleus
After fertilization,
these
become the hardened
seed coat
Incomplete Flower
Complete Flower Plumeria rubra
Hibiscus rosa sinensis (Kalachuchi)
(Gumamela)
Based on the sexuality of the flower:
Regular Flower
Irregular Flower
Hibiscus rosa sinensis
Dendrobium anosmum
(Gumamela)
(Common Orchid)
Based on floral symmetry
Catharanthus roseus
(Chichirica) Dendrobium anosmum
(Common Orchid)
Based on the position of the ovary
Vitex negundo
Nightshade Family (Solanaceae)
• Flowers have fused petals , with the stamen filaments fused to the
corolla that appears to be arising from it
• Superior ovary develops into a berry or a capsule
• Many nightshades produce poisonous drugs and some have
medicinal uses
• Well known representatives are:
1. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
2. White potato (Solanum tuberosum)
3. Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
4. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
5. Petunia (Petunia hybrida)
6. Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Carrot Family (Apiaceae)
• Have savory-aromatic herbage
• Flowers tend to be small and numerous and are arranged
in umbels
• The ovary is inferior, and the stigma is two-lobed
• 2,000 members of this family are:
1. Dill (Anethum graveolens)
2. Celery (Apium graveolens)
3. Carrot (Daucus carota)
4. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
5. Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
6. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa)
Pumpkin Family (Cucurbitaceae)
• Plants are prostrate or climbing herbaceous vines with tendrils
• The flowers have fused petals, and female flowers have an inferior
ovary with three carples
• All are unisexual, but some species have both organs on the same
plant, while others have only male or female on one plant
• The family has about 700 members and several of which have many
horticultural varieties
• Well known members are:
1. Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) 6. Vegetable sponge (Luffa
2. Gourd (Momordica charantia) aegyptiaca)
3. Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus)
4. Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis)
5. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)
• The second largest of the flowering plant families
in terms of number of species
• Individual flowers are called florets
• Well known members of this family includes:
1. Sunflower (Helianthus anuus)
2. Daisy (Bellis perennis)
3. Dandelions (Taxacarum sp.)
4. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
CLASS LILIOPSIDA
Grass Family (Poaceae)
• More numerous and more widely distributed than plants of any
other flowering plant family
• Flowers of this family are typically wind-pollinated
• The calyx and corolla are represented by tiny, inconspicuous scales,
and the flowers are protected by boat-shaped bracts.
• Includes 9 of the 10 most important crop plants in the world
• Members of this family are:
1. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
2. Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
3. Rye (Secale cereale)
4. Oats (Avena sativa)
5. Rice (Oryza sativa)
6. Corn (Zea mays)
7. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
Lily Family (Liliaceae)
• Particularly abundant in the tropics and sub-tropics, but they occur
in almost any area that supports vegetation
• Flowers are often large, and their parts are all in multiples of three,
with the sepals and petals frequently resembling each other in color
and form
• Family members are:
1. Lilies (Lilium orientalis)
2. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
3. Squill (Urginea maritima)
4. Meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale)
5. Tulip (Tulipa aucheriana)
Orchid Family (Orchidaceae)
• The flowers are exceptionally varied in size and form, and the
habitants of the plants are equally diverse
• Many are epiphytic on the bark of trees
• Includes:
1. Common orchid (Dendrobium anosmum)
2. Euanthe (Euanthe sanderiana)
3. Cattleya orchid (Cattleya labiata)
4. Flat-Leaved Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
Amaryllis Family (Amaryllidaceae)
• Family of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous flowering plants
• Flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels
on the stem
• Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the
onion subfamily
• Members of the family are:
1. Onion (Allium cepa)
2. Garlic (Allium sativa)
3. Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum reginae)
4. Daffodil (Narcissus poeticus)
5. Amaryllis (Amaryllis belladona)
Palmae Family (Arecaceae)
• Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen
leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched
stem
• Best known and most extensively cultivated plant families
• Have great economic importance including oils, dates, palm syrup,
ivory nuts, rattan cane, and palm wood
• Includes:
1. Betel nut (Areca catechu)
2. Coconut tree (Cocos nucifera)
3. Rattan palm (Calamus rotang)
4. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans)
5. Fan palm (Livistona chinensis)
Bromeliad Family (Bromeliaceae)
• The only family within the order that has septal nectaries and
inferior ovaries
• Able to store water in a structure formed by their tightly-
overlapping leaf bases
• Includes:
1. Guzmania (Guzmania brumeliad)
2. Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
Arum Family (Araceae)
• Flowers are borne on a type of called inflorescence called “spadix”
• Usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a
spathe or leaf-like bract
• Some species contain calcium oxalate crystals in the form of
raphides. When consumed, these may cause edema, vesicle
formation, and dysphagia
• Includes the following species:
1. Flamingo Flower (Anthurium andraeanum)
2. Alocasia (Alocasia acuminata)
3. Caladium (Caladium bicolor)
4. Taro (Colocasia esculenta)
5. Dumb cane (Dieffenbachia seguine)
6. Calla lily (Zanthedeschia aethiopica)
7. Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum)