ERDT/AEESEAP/ICSEE JOINT CONFERENCE

Waterfront Cebu City Hotel and Casino, Cebu, Philippines

October 18-20, 2017

Estimating the Yield of a Collector

Well With Parallel Infiltration
Galleries as Laterals
RICHMARK N. MACUHA
Assistant Professor
Water Resources and Coastal Engineering Group
Institute of Civil Engineering
University of the Philippines - Diliman
Quezon City, Philippines
Collector Well – put pictures of different
configurations

Image sources: Layne, http://www.layne.com/en/resources/?tsAll=1

Retrieved from: www.stetsonengineers.com; www.layne.com/en/resources
 Collector Well vs. Conventional Vertical Well

• Lower groundwater
drawdown (Adjei, et al,
2012)

• Less risk of saltwater

intrusion (Yeh & Chang,
2013)
Retrieved from: http://academic.evergreen.edu; www.lenntech.com/groundwater/seawater-intrusions.htm
Collector Well vs. Surface Water Intake

• Better water quality vs.

surface water intakes
(Camacho, 2012)

• Less flow variability with

seasonal changes (Ismail, et
al, 2012)

Retrieved from: www.tru.ca/trades.htm; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversion_dam

 DISADVANTAGES

1. High Capital Cost

However…

Retrieved from: http://richmondvale.org/water-security/; http://www.hosessa.com/

 DISADVANTAGES

2. Construction Difficulty
However…

Retrieved from: http://youngpetro.org/2013/10/14/; http://trenchlesstechnologies.tumblr.com/page/5

 DISADVANTAGES

3. Lack of Experience with the Scheme

However…

Retrieved from: http://blog.mangotours.com/; http://www.riverraftingcdo.com/; https://www.flickr.com/photos/ral_m/455159002

 DISADVANTAGES

4. Limited Technical Capability

That’s why…
Retrieved from: http://www.skillsforemployment.org/KSP/en/Discussions/WCMSTEST4_175658
Water Yield as Key Element

Retrieved from: http://lambda.oxygenna.com; https://www.rgwater.com

 Yield Estimation Techniques

I. Empirical
- Mikels, F.C. & Klaer, F.H.(1956)
- Papadopulos I. S. (1962)
 Yield Estimation Techniques

II. Analytical
- Liongson, 2007
- Haitjema, 2006
- Patel, et. al., 2010
 q  x +  y - b  q  y b
 KH  ln  2   i  arctan   -a
 x +  y  b   2 
4 boundary  x 
2
A lateral below a horizontal recharge
in a semi-infinite aquifer 0 -KH+
q  2 q
ln x +  y - b    ln  x 2 +  y  b  
2 2

4   4  
 4KH 
F  exp    1.
 q 
x 2  (y  b) 2  F  x 2  (y  b) 2 

F  1
2
 4b 2 F
x2   y2  b
2
  (F  1) 2
 2KH  d  d r  F  1
F  exp    F+1
 q  r depth of centerline: d = b b
F-1
2KH (being offset or eccentric relative to b)
q
 d  d2  r2  radius: r
2b F
,
ln   F-1
 r  so that
r 2 F

d F+1
r F-2 Fr 0
 2KH  d  d 2  r 2
q  2 q  2 F  exp  
  -KH+ ln x +  y - b    ln x +  y  b  
2 2
 q  r
4   4  
2KH
q
= (recharge head term) + (source term) + (sink term)  d  d2  r2 
ln  
 r 
 Yield Estimation Techniques

III. Numerical
- Ismail et. al., 2012
- Kelson, 2012
 Study Area

Location of Laterals
Approximate Analytical Solution by
Potential Flow Theory
Case 1: Galleries I and IV - Horizontal well near a vertical
impermeable boundary and below a constant recharge in a semi-
infinite aquifer

2𝝅𝑲𝑯
𝒒= 1
2 2
𝒃 𝒅 + 𝒅2 − 𝒓2
𝐥𝐧 1 + 𝒂 𝒓

𝑞 𝑥 + 2𝑎 2+ 𝑦−𝑏 2 𝑥2 + 𝑦 − 𝑏 2
𝜑 = −𝐾𝐻 + ln 2+ 𝑦+𝑏 2
4𝜋 𝑥 + 2𝑎 𝑥2 + 𝑦 + 𝑏 2

𝑞 4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 𝑏 2
0 = −𝐾𝐻 + ln
4𝜋 4𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 + 𝑏 2
Case 2: Galleries II and III - Horizontal well bounded to the left
and right by vertical impermeable boundaries and below a
constant recharge in an aquifer with infinite thickness.

2𝝅𝑲𝑯
𝒒= 2
𝒃 𝒅 + 𝒅2 − 𝒓2
𝐥𝐧 1+ 𝒂 𝒓

2 2
𝑞 𝑥 + 2𝑎 + 𝑦−𝑏 𝑥2 + 𝑦 − 𝑏 2
𝑥 − 2𝑎 2
+ 𝑦−𝑏 2
𝜑 = −𝐾𝐻 + ln 2+ 𝑦+𝑏 2
4𝜋 𝑥 + 2𝑎 𝑥2 + 𝑦 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 − 2𝑎 2+ 𝑦+𝑏 2

𝑞 4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 𝑏 2
0 = −𝐾𝐻 + ln
4𝜋 4𝑎2 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 + 𝑏 2
Numerical Model - MODFLOW
Field Measurement
 Yield Estimates

Head Observed Yield % Deviation

(m) (MLD) Analytical Numerical
6.1 19.73 (-)25 (+)10
4.2 13.43 (-)21 (+)8
2.1 4.96 (+)6 (+)13

Estimated and actual yields as compared to

the head inside the laterals
 Summary

1. Collector well is a promising water intake

alternative that can meet future challenges in water
abstraction.

2. In the Philippines, capacity building and continuous

research and development regarding this technology
is very timely.
 Summary

3. The developed approximate analytical equation is in

good agreement with field values. It can be used for
assessment of potential sites where collector well of
similar design can be used.

4. The MODFLOW model obtains more accurate

result. But in the absence of detailed calibration, it
should be used with caution as the estimates can be
greater than the actual yields.
 Questions?

Retrieved from: https://www.ethos3.com/2016/05/5-questions-to-ask-before-presenting-at-a-conference/

 References

• Adjei, E.K., Shu L., Adjei, K.A., Lu C., Deng, M., (2012) Interpretation of Pumping
Test with Radial Collector Well Using a Reservoir Model, ASCE Journal of
Hydrologic Engineering, Vol 17, No. 12, pp.1397-1407.
• Camacho, A. (2005) Evaluation of the Existing Performance of Infiltration Galleries
in Alluvial Deposits of the Parapeti River, La Paz, Bolivia.
• Csoma, R. (2001) The Analytic Element Method for Groundwater Modeling,
Periodica Polytechnica Ser. Civ. Eng. Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 43–62.
• Haitjema, H.M. (2006) Accounting for Resistance to 3-D Flow Near Horizontal Wells
or Galleries in a Dupuit-Forccheimer Model, Academic Press, Inc.
• Hantush, M. S. & Papadopulos I. S. (1962) Flow of Groundwater to Collector Wells,
J. Hydraul. Div. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., HY5, 221–244.
• Ismail, W.W., et. al. (2012) Simulation of Horizontal Well Performance Using Visual
MODFLOW, Springer-Verlag.
 References

• Kelson, V. (2012) Predicting Collector Well Yields with MODFLOW, Journal of

Hydrology, Vol. 50 Is. 6, Wiley Online Library.
• Liongson, L.Q. (2006) Exact and Approximate Analytical Solutions for Steady
Seepage Inflows to Horizontal Wells, Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Managing Water Supply for Growing Demand, Bangkok, Thailand, UNESCO-IHP
Technical Document in Hydrology No. 6.
• Mikels, F.C. & Klaer, F.H. (1956) Application of Ground Water Hydraulics to the
Development of Water Supplies by Induced Infiltration, Symposia Darcy, Pub No. 41,
pp. 232-242.
• Moore, R., Kelson, V., Wittman, J., Rash, V., (2012) A Modeling Framework for the
Design of Collector Wells, Ground Water, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 355-366.
• Yeh, H.D., Chang, Y.C. (2013) Recent Advances in Modeling Well Hydraulics,
Advances in Water Resources Vol. 51, pp. 27-51.