RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

3.1 Study Area Description

This chapter presents a research methodology of the study, shedding light on the Research

design, population, sample and sampling procedures, instrumentation, and data collection

procedures and data analysis.

3.2 Data Collection Methods and Tools

The research will embrace quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the

relationship between human resources strategies and the efficiency of five star hotels in

Turkey. The need to use qualitative research designs is informed by its ability to help

understand some factors like motivations, feelings and emotions that cannot be measured.

Besides, it is imperative to note that the design is ideal in pointing out various challenges

encountered when carrying out the research, a factor that leads to identification of gaps for

further research (Eyisi, 2016). Further, it has been noted that the qualitative research design

provides an opportunity for the collection of detailed explanation, a factor that is likely to

make the research more reliable. That is as opposed to analyzing numbers the qualitative

design provides a chance for the respondents to give explanations as to how the human

resource strategies affect the efficiency of five star hotels. Glaser, & Strauss, 1967).

The need to use quantitative research design was informed by the aim of noting the

number of respondents who agree or disagree to the fact that human resource strategies

improve the efficiency of five star hotels. Besides, the research design can be used to identify

which specific strategy of strategies led to increased efficiency. Besides, the use of

quantitative design provide the opportunity to use statistical software like SPSS and

STRATA to explain if there is a relationship between the variables under investigation.

3.3 Data Collection, Target Population:

The target population of the study consisted of employees of five star hotels in Turkey.

These employees held different positions in the hotels dwellers at the time of the study. It is

important to note the research distributed around 800 questionnaires. It is imperative to note

that only 438 questionnaires were returned of which 398 were used given that some

questionnaires were incomplete.

Table 3.1: Population Frame

Population
Category

Managers 200

Supervisors 300

Regular employees 300

Total 800

3.3 Sampling Technique and Sample Size

Cantekinler, Küçükkaya, & Şimşek, (2017) notes that the number of five star hotels in

Turkey is slightly above 100 in 2019. However, the number is likely to increase in the near

future, giving the thriving and constant growth of the country’s tourism sector. The number

of employees in the five star hotels is estimated to be 14,126 thousand. Given that it will be

impossible to send questionnaire to all the workers in the five star hotels in Turkey, I will use

sampling to select a part of the population that will be investigated to determine the

relationship between human resource strategies and the efficiency of these hotels.

The need to use sampling in identifying the number of employees to be included in

the study is attributed to the fact that it uses scientific procedures to identify persons who will

be treated as representative of the whole population. Warwick and Lininger (1975) argue the
main factor to consider when selecting the population sample is the feasibility. That is it

should not be too large that it makes it hard to collect information or too small that applying

the outcome to the whole population will be misleading. As noted from above our sample

will consist of 800 employees from the different categories of managers, supervisors and

other employees.

The study will adopt random sampling technique. Partly, this is attributed to the fact

random sampling is free from bias as it provides equal chance for all the characteristics of the

population to be selected. Therefore, all the workers from the 100 five star hotels have a

chance to be selected for the study.

3.3 Data Collection Instrument’ Questioner

The research employed questionnaires for the collection of data. The questions in the

questionnaires will be both open ended unstructured and closed ended structured type. The

researcher personally administered the distribution of the questionnaires and the collection of

the same. The respondents will be assured that the findings of the study would be used for

research purposes only.

3.3.1 Demographic

Although 800 questionnaires were distributed only 438 were returned out of which 398 were

usable. This represented a response rate of 49.75%. It is not surprising to note that most of the

respondents were women at 279 (70%) and 119 (30%) were men. Partly, this is attributed to

the fact that the industry tends to employ more women than men. It is also imperative to note

that 318(80%) of the respondents had less than five years working experience while 80 (20%)

of the respondents had more than five years working experience. It is also significant to note

that 25% of the respondents were managers while 37.5% were supervisors while the other

37.5 % were regular employees. One hundred and ninety nine of the employees had college
education and the other 50% had university education. Two hundred and seventy nine

respondents were between the age of 18 and 24. While 20% of the employees were between

the ages of 24 and 35, 10% of the e respondents were between the ages of 35 and 75.

3.3.2 Qualitative Part

To determine the relationship between human resource strategies and the efficiency of five

star hotels. To be able to determine the relationship between the variables under investigation

relied on structural equation modeling to determine the interplay of variables under

investigation. Ideally, SEM is a mathematical technique that seeks to establish the

relationship among variable by using statistical methods (Eyisi, 2016). I relied on multiple

regressions to establish the relationship between the various human resource strategies and

hotel efficiency.

3.4 Data Analysis

The data collected will be analyzed using quantitative techniques. The research edited, coded,

classified and sorts the data upon collection. However, since qualitative data will be also

generated, it will be analyzed by use of themes and categories. Graphs, tables and pie charts

will be used to present frequencies and percentages. Tables will be prepared using each

variable or indicator. These tables enabled the researcher to arrange the data in a logical

sequence for easy interpretation and comparison of different classes of data. These made it

easier for the researcher to compare and interpret data findings appropriately.
 References

Cantekinler, M., Küçükkaya, M. & Pinar Şimşek, P. (2017). Tourism Market overview:

Turkey and Istanbul, 1st Half. Ernst and Young.

Eyisi, D. (2016). The Usefulness of Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Methods in

Researching Problem-Solving Ability in Science Education Curriculum. Journal of

Education and Practice, 7(15), 91-100.

Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for

qualitative research. Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction.

Warwick, D. P., & Lininger, C. A. (1975). The sample survey: Theory and practice. New

York: McGraw-Hill.