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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MAT121
DIFFERENTIATION

S.O. Edeki
 Differentiation of IMPLICIT functions: a review
dy
.
Find given the following functions:
dx
(a) y  x  y  6  3 y
2 3 3

(b) sin y  x y  cos x  2 y

2 3

2
y
(c) y  x  xy  cos y  0 (d) y  x sin y 
2 3 3
8
x

S.O. Edeki
2
 General Class Quiz : Differentiation

. dy
Find given the following functions:
dx
(a) y  x 3

(b) y  3 x

(c) y  x x

S.O. Edeki
3
 1st & 2nd Derivative of functions
Suppose y  f  x  then
.
(*)
dy d
  y    f  x    f  x 
d 
dx dx dx
is called the first derivative of y w.r.t. x
d y d  dy  d
2

(**)
dx 2
   
dx  dx  dx
 f   x     f  x 
is called the second derivative of y w.r.t. x
S.O. Edeki
4
 Ex: 2nd Derivative of functions

.
2
d y
Find 2
given the following functions:
dx
(a) y  x  cos x  6  0
3

(b) 4x  8sin x  2 y
2

S.O. Edeki
5
 Functions in parametric forms

. Two functions (expressions) are said to be in

parametric form if they are expressed in terms of
another (a third) variable called the parameter.
Mathematically, the functions:
x  f (t ) and y  h(t )
are parametric with parameter t.
S.O. Edeki
6
 Differentiation of parametric functions

. Note:
In differentiating parametric functions,
the CHAIN RULE plays a vital role
(upon good understanding).

S.O. Edeki
7
 Differentiation of parametric functions
Remark: If y  f  x  then
.
 
dy dy  1  dy dt
(*)    
dx dt  dx  dt dx
 dt 
d y d  dy  d  dy  dt
2
(**)     
dx 2
dx  dx  dt  dx  dx
S.O. Edeki
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 Ex: Differentiation of parametric functions

.
2
dy d y
Find (a) (b) 2
if :
dx dx
(i) x  at , y  at (ii) x  5cos t , y  2sin t
4 3

(iii) x  t  t 2
, y  2t  1
(iii) x  3sin t  sin t 3
, y  cos t
2

S.O. Edeki
9
 Hyperbolic functions

Some of the basic hyperbolic functions are:

.
x x
e e
x
e e
x
(a) cosh x  (b) sinhx 
2 2
x
sinhx e  e
x
(c) tanhx   x x
cosh x e  e
Ex: Find (*) cosh x  sinh x
2 2

S.O. Edeki
10
 Hyperbolic functions

. Note:
(i) cosh x  sinh x  1
2 2

(ii) 1  tanh x  sech x

2 2

(iii) coth x  1  cos ec h x

2 2

S.O. Edeki
11
 Differentiation of Hyperbolic functions

. dy
Find given the following functions:
dx
e e
x -x x
e -e -x
(a) y  cosh x  (b) y  sinh x 
2 2
sinh x
(c) y  tanh x 
cosh x

S.O. Edeki
12