MAT 121: Calculus

Integration

Imaga O. F.
Department of Mathematics
 INTEGRATION BY PARTS
Integration by Parts is used to integrate products of
two functions.
Given a function in the form y = uv where u and v
are themselves functions e.g. x cos x, sin x ln x
The formula for integration by parts is
Z Z
udv = uv − vdu

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 1/13

 Integrate the function y = x cos x
R R
Solution: Using the formula udv = uv − vdu.
We choose
u=x dv = cos x
so that R
du = dx v = cos xdx = sin x

Substituting into the formula, we have

Z Z
x cos xdx = x sin x − sinxdx
= x sin x + cos x + C

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 2/13

 Integrate the following functions
1. x sin x
2. 5x cos 2x
3. xe x
4. 4xe −x
5. 9xe 3x

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 3/13

 ”L-I-A-T-E” Guideline for Selecting u:

L: Logarithmic Function
I: Inverse Trigonometric Function
A: Algebraic Function
T: Trigonometric Function
E: Exponential Function
Evaluate x 4 ln xdx
R

Solution: Since logarithmic function comes before

the algebraic function, we let
u = lnx dv = x 4
1 R 4 x5
du = dx v = x dx =
x 5

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 4/13

 Z Z
4
x ln xdx = uv − vdu
x5
Z 5
x 1
= (ln x) − · dx
5 5 x
x5
Z 4
x
= (ln x) − dx
5 5
x5 1 x5
= ln x − · +C
5 5 5
x5 x5
= (ln x) − +C
5 25

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 5/13

 sin−1 xdx by integration by parts method
R
Evaluate
Solution: The integral can be rewritten as
−1
R
1 · sin xdx.
Since the inverse trigonometric function comes before
the algebraic function, we have that
u = sin−1 x dv = 1
1 R
du = √ dx v = 1dx = x
1 − x2
Z Z
sin−1 xdx = uv − vdu
Z
−1 1
= x sin x − x √ dx
1 − x2

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 6/13

  
1 1
= x sin−1 x − − (1 − x 2 ) 2 (2) + C
2
p
= x sin−1 x + 1 − x 2 + C

Evaluate the following using integration by parts

method:
b) R tan−1 x
R R
a) R cos x ln(sin x)
c) cos −1 x d) ln x

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 7/13

 Repeated Integration by Parts
Integrate the function y = x 2 e 5x
R R
Solution: Using udv = uv − vdu. We have
u = x2 dv = e 5x
1
v = e 5x dx = e 5x
R
du = 2xdx
5

Substituting into the formula, we have

Z Z
2 1 5x 1
x e dx = x · e − 2x · e 5x dx
2 5x
5 Z 5
1 2 5x
= x 2 e 5x − xe dx
5 5

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 8/13

 The integral 52 xe 5x dx is still a product so we use
R
the formula again.
u = 25 x dv =R e 5x
du = 25 dx v = e 5x dx = 15 e 5x

Substituting into the formula, we have

Z Z
2 5x 2 1 5x 2 1 5x
xe dx = x · e − · e dx
5 5 5 Z 5 5
2 2 5x
= xe 5x − e dx
25 25

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 9/13

 Z
2 5x 2 2 5x
xe dx = xe 5x − e dx
5 25 125
so
Z  
2 5x 1 2 5x 2 5x 2 5x
x e dx = x e − xe − e dx
5 25 125
1 2 2 5x
= x 2 e 5x − xe 5x + e dx
5 25 125
Integrate the following functions
a) x 2 cos x b) x 2 sin 2x c) (5x 2 + 4) cos 2x

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 10/13

 Evaluate e x cos xdx
R
Solution. Since the trigonometric function comes
before the exponential
u = cos x dv =R e x
du = − sin xdx v = e x = e x
Z Z
x
e cos xdx = uv − vdu
Z
= e cos x − e x (− sin x)dx
x

Z
= e cos x + e x sin xdx
x

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 11/13

 Second application of integration by parts:
Z Z
e sin xdx = e sin x − e x cos xdx
x x

Hence
Z Z
e sin xdx = e cos x + e sin x − e x cos xdx
x x x

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 12/13

 The original integral appears on the right side of the
equation. Move it to the left side and solve:
Z
2 e x cos xdx = e x cos x + e x sinx
Z
1
e x cos xdx = (e x cos x + e x sin x) + C
2
Integrate the following functions:
a) R e x sin xdx b) R e 3x cos 3x dx
R R
c) e −3θ sin 5θ dx d) e ax sin bx dx

MAT 121: Calculus Integration 13/13