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Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE COLLEGE


Sorsogon City

CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS


of
Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricatures of the American Era (1900-1941)
in the Course
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Submitted by

BSNED –1A

Cañazares, Eula Mae L.


Daep, Ivy P.
Desunia, Myla B.
Grefaldo, Ronaldo
Jaylo, Lito A.
Senining Emelyn J.
Tranillo, Ella Marie C

To

Mrs. Maritess Carreon


Instructor/Lecturer

First Semester 2019-2020


Cañazares, Eula Mae, L.
Desunia, Myla B
BSNED 1-A

Significance of Political Cartoons During the American Period.

=====================================================================

American era was said to be the time wherein creativity of every Filipino were
developed, compared to the Spanish period that they prohibit Filipinos from writing literatures.
Philippine Caricature gained full expression during the Americans as well as the changing mores
and times. According to Alfred McCoy the changes that happened in the manila during this
period are illustrated at the cartoons. The following pictures are issues or examples of cartoons
that were published during the American period.

Political:

CosasDe La Vida – Larawan Ng Buhay

As manila’s population had increased lots of problems had occurred. The failed promises
of Americans to Filipinos that pushed the cartoonist most savage desire. The picture portrays the
growing poverty and maladministration of the government. Moreover, it pictures that the
Americans had failed to provide manila with a form of local government that could solve its own
problems. Manila’s city administration was crippled by constant national interference, incessant
warfare between council and mayor, endemic corruption, and the political imperatives of an
election every three years.

Ciegos De Convencia-Convenient Blindness

For the sophisticates of the manila press corps, the provinces were noteworthy for their
vice, poverty and factional politics. The picture is the translation of satirical comment on the
provincial’s preoccupation with gambling. Outside the municipal hall provincial officials, their
eyes glared over with visions of Conant pesos, gamble at cards, the caption says that in a
province near manila gambling is widespread that everyone- the Municipal President, Provincial
Board and Governor- do nothing but gamble.

Regattas in Batangas

It shows the celebration of the victory of nationalist candidates in 1907in the assembly
elections at Batangas Province. The winning candidates are Eusebio Orense, Gregorio Katigbak,
and Felipe Agoncillo. The election of nationalist in this strife- torn province was of considerable
significance in colonial politics. Determined to suppress the last burst of revolutionary resistance
in archipelago, Governor General Luke Wright suspended habeas corpus for Cavite and
Batangas provinces in 1905. Initial operations against MacarioSakay, guerillas failed, and the US
military resorted to ruthless repression- mass incarceration of population, arbitrary arrest and
torture. Sakay finally surrendered in July 1906, year before the first assembly election, and the
victory of these radicals was seen as a vindication of the nationalist cause.

Mendicidad Politica - Politikong Nagpapalimos

This cartoon illustrates the political begging of Nacionalista Party Politician Dr.
Dominador Gomez and Rafael Del Pan during the great faction fight of 1907- 09. During 1907
election for the First Philippine Assembly, the Nacionalistas in Manila had split into factions
supporting rival slates for the city’s two seats—the radical nationalist Fernado Ma. Guerero and
Dr. Justo Lukban versus Gomez and Del Pan. The July 1907 election appeared a split decision,
with Guerero defeating Del Pan and Gomez over Lukban. Dr. Lukban filed a protest he stated
that Gomez is a Spanish and not a Filipino. Lukbanwon and take over the seat of Gomez. As del
Pan and Gomez return to electorate the campaign for the special election the satiric newspaper
lipagkalabaw mocks them, for their mendicancy and Del Pan alleged Catholic support. Due to
the charge of pro- friar sympathies is undeniable for Del Pan but questionable for the radical
labor leader and bohemian Dr. Gomez.

Carrera De Santos enKavite

Satirical commentary on the victory of Nacionalista party candidate Rafael Palma over
Progresista that is formerly Federelista party candidate by 1893 votes to 446. Editor of the
revolutionary paper La Independencia, Palma was later founding editor of the nationalist weekly
El Renamiento in 1901 and lawyer for nationalist writers and labor leaders persecuted by the US
regime. Running with the support of general Emilio Aguinaldo, Palma easily on the seat and its
reward which is 20 php. per day salary.

Ang Pananapat ni Tap

By 1907 the Philippine- American political relationship had begun to mature, and the
Filipinos were coming to realistic assessment of what they could expect from the United States.
Filipino aspiration for an immediate resolution of their colonial status, either independence or US
statehood, cooled considerably, and both parties settled in for years of hard haggling for political
concession. Tafts serenade was sung in October 1907 when he visited manila as secretary of a
war to inaugurate the First Philippiine Assembly. As the colony first governor-general. Taft
deeply understand the principle of the Filipinos that he tried his best to befriend the leading
Filipino. However, when taft returned in 1907 to inaugurate the assembly with pronouncements
that Filipinos were not yet ready for independence, they did not meekly bow to his judgements
even though expediency required that they do so. The subtleties of the Filipino reactions are
shown in the cartoon: Taft serenades the maiden Filipina with his policy of attraction; and she
send the maid servant with a calabasa, the traditional symbol of failure.

La Felicitation

This cartoon expresses a nationalist critique of the new Assembly’s disappointing first
year. The old lady representing an aged version of the usually robust maidenly symbol of
Filipinas leads a sick dog represents the new assembly. The old lady: “we come sir my dog and I,
to congratulate you on your nomination. You are aware that we don’t want independence for a
moment.” Former secretary of war W.H Taft:”neither does your dog?” the old lady:” my dog less
than I. I let him loose so that he can be free, but he returned. He has fondness of chain.” This
states that the Filipinos are used of being inferior also this shows that at that time Filipino are not
yet ready for being independent.
El Poder De Los Trusts-The Power Of The Trusts

This shows that the former Governor- General W.H. Taft on the campaign trail for the
US presidency in May 1908 striking a dualistic deal with sugar and tobacco trusts. As the “best
friend of the Philippines” governor Taft had worked to reduce American protective tariffs that
barred entry of Filipino products into the United States. Here candidate Taft betrays his Filipino
friends by courting the trusts with promises of high protective tariffs on Philippine goods.

Econonomy

Igual Trabajo, Desigual Salario, PorQue?- Equal Ork, Unequal Salary, Why?
This cartoon illustrates the serious discrimination in both wages and positions between
the Americans and Filipinos. Since the Bureau of Education was the colony’s largest public
employer, most Filipinos were hired as a school teacher. Although their qualifications were equal
or better than the old American teachers, the Filipinos confronted and institutional racism which
gave them lower wages, larger classrooms and fewer privileges.

Mamumuong Amerknho/ Mamumuong Pilipinho

This cartoon refers to a ten- fold difference in Filipino and American manual wages
within the colony, but to more fundamental inequality—the difference in wages and working
conditions between the two countries.

Hygiene Municipal – Kalinisan Ng Maynila


During American era the Americans were determined to manila from a tawdry Asiatic
port into a model of metropolis, the American impose strict sanitation regulations that angered
the Manileños. While the cartoon shows public reaction to noxious odors from the excrement
pail wagon, that service outside toilets, the chemical spraying of streets and houses to prevent
disease was even more distasteful. Such measures were necessary, however, the Spaniards had
given manila neither sewer nor secure water supply so night soil collection was an imperative
disease control measure. During the cholera epidemics around 4386 manila residents died.

A New Wrinkle in the Art of Thieving

Shows the city capitalist using the Torrens title process, which required relinquishment of
customary claims to issue clear titles, top grab lands in Nueva Ecija and other Central Luzon
Provinces.

Memories of the visit


This cartoon satire operates three levels. The criticism of the sailor spending express a
growing Filipino objection to the jarring economic and social consequence of American Military
Presence. Reacting to Filipino complaints about the disreputable among the American among the
American veterans who had remained in the provinces, usually living of a Filipina wife and
engaging in drunken bowls, the Philippine commission passed a law aimed at weeding out the
vagrant veterans. The cartoon also hints at more subtle

Ang Dato Datoon Ang Kabus Kabuson

This shows the sugar industry feasting upon lavish credit while the rice industry
languishes.

The Soldiers of Libertines


It refers to a conservate spanish languages newspaper published by the Dominican friars at
the University of Santo Tomas. An extremely anti-filipino organ, liberties published a series of
articles in 1903-1904 at taking T.H. Pardo de Tavera, head of Federialista Party for his
"Summary Philippine History" published in the Philippine census. Tavera's history had discussed
the role of the friars in Spanish colonial repression, and libertas proved his point by objecting
violently to his views. Libertas was also strongly opposed to El Renaciemento, a nationalist
newspaper edited by Fernando Ma. Guerero.
Socio- Cultural

The Doctor Is Busy

This illustrates the doctor who refuses to see a dying patient. In the midst of tying the
talons on his fighting cock, the doctor was approached by a peasant who pleads “my wife is
dying, señor save her señor” to this plea the fat doctor, in hat with religious scapulary about his
neck, replies “be quiet, you are bothering me. Don’t you see that I’m busy?”. Aside from its
commentary on the Filipino passion for gambling, the cartoon satirizes the haughty,
unsympathetic matter of Filipino who, if this is any sample, felt that their medical degrees were
license to command respect not to render service.

Mass is Better

This cartoon mocks both the superstition of the Filipinos and the influence of the Spanish
friars, particularly among devout women. Evidently frightened by one of the recurring cholera
outbreaks period. They believe that procession will help them fight the epidemic. However, the
government does not allow them to have a procession but the priest insisted to use the power of
mass people so that they can conduct a procession.

The cartoonist was determined to eliminate the influence of friars, early 20th century
Filipino nationalist fired broadsides against both the institutional church and folk catholic
superstition. In their defense, the religious orders financed Catholic political candidates,
sponsored daily newspaper and organized lay action arms like the Centro Catolico. Furthermore,
this cartoon shows that most of the friars use the faith of the devotees for their personal gain.

Friar Deceit

This shows a grotesque Spaniard using his blandishments on the personification of


Filipinas, saying things to convince the Filipino to accept them. To avoid Filipino from
preventing the return of friars to the parishes, and issues that are still not resolved in 1908.
Voyage to Heaven

It is a sarcastic commentary on the vast wealth of the Spanish religious orders. The orders
are shown as fat Spanish friars in a balloon loaded with jewels, diamond, crowns, bags of coin,
and boxes of paper money. As men of God, the friars have taken a vow of poverty, but the orders
have accumulated a wealth that was both conspicuous and enormous.

Cartoons

New Bird of Prey

1908, The nationalist weekly "El Penacimiento" published an editorial filled Aves de
Rapina (Bird of Prey) which attracted the Philippine Commission secretary of the Interior, Dean
C. Norcester for abusing his affice to the exploit the country.
Why the Aparcero Rebels

It shows the form of landlord usury used to strip terant farmers from their rightful share of
harvest.

The Loyalty of the Filipinos

It was published on April 14, 1907 only ten days after the US Congress declared war on
Germany and America entered the conflict. The artist Fernando Amorsolo draws a wise,
handsome, uncle Sam leading little Juan and smiling on the road to war.
Ang Mapapalad

As Demobilized American Soldiers filled the insular civil service American corporations
won the major development projects, Filipino nationalists saw themselves becoming economic
aliens in their own land. The cartoon image of Meralco dragging Juan De la Cruz along the neck
as he vomits pesos from his emaciated frame is no overstatement

This is published in 1928 which show Juan De la Cruz as a beast of burden bearing an crusing
load of taxes and job holders.
Senining Emelyn J
Tranillo, Ella Marie C
BSNED 1-A

McCoy Political Cartoons important to the grand narrative of the Philippine history

================================================

McCoy’s Political cartoons was the first one to legitimize cartoons as seems of Filipino
thoughts and views. It is important in our Philippine History because it is the images illustrating
and remembering the controversies surrounding in the past. Political cartoons serve as primers
for engaging in the prevailing opinions of that time. One positive effect of Political Cartoon is
that, it becomes the representation of the current conditions of our country- it let us see the
problem.
In the Philippines, the presence of political cartoons has been seen as early as the
publication of Kalayaan and La Solidaridad, Nepomoceno (2012) claimed the commentaries in
newspapers are valid historical instruments. Given that these works are corroborated by official
documents. Furthermore, commentaries through the section of the editorial pages are useful in
seeking an see the opinions and views of people on policies which are also rooted on the opinion
and views of official in government. Accounts pointed that the Philippines press had a love-hate
relationship with political cartoons as only 1985 has there been a published book on Philippine
cartoons. The book of McCoy and Roces (1986) was the first one to legitimate cartoons as
source of Filipino although the book only covered the period of early American through
commonwealth which reflected on two cartoons theme: Anti-American sentiments and the
condemnation of the ruling class.
Political cartoons are perceive as one of the ways to preserve history. McCoy author of
Political Cartoons are perceive as opinions there were perceive as potent markers in explaining
and interpreting news, information and truth events of the past. McCoy Political Cartoon from
the very beginning it is recorgnized and until now it serves as a medium of every Filipino in
looking back and in appreciating the past events, because it consists of such controversies during
Philippine political History. That is why McCoy Political cartoon is not just important but it
already has a role in our country. And that is to wake us up especially the generation today who
did not witness the past.

Reference:
https|//www.prezi.com
https://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com
Reference:
https://www.history.educ.com
https://www.dictionary.com/browse
Reference:
https://www.vocabulary/.com/dictionary
https://www.searchworks.stanford.edu
https://www.history.wisc.edu
https://www.worldcat.org
https://repository.upenn.edu/svc/vol2/iss1/2

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