i Advantages

and Disadvantages of steel structure

The advantages and disadvantages of steel structures are:
Advantages Disadvantages
Small area of steel structure can withstand a There is not much flexibility in the design or
huge load compare to reinforced concrete plan of the building because of the fixed size
structure and supply of the steel components
It requires small number of labour Require specialist or skilled labour
Fast assembling because the components or It requires a lot of plant and machineries to
structure are prefabricated assemble the components
Space saving because a small area of steel Require fire safety elements. Steel structure
structure will be able to withstand a huge tends to compromise its strength after
amount of load. Hence, it can be used for reaching a certain degree of temperature.
space consuming buildings such as factories So, to overcome this, we require fire
protection which actually add cost to the
whole structure.
Lighter than concrete
It is a dry construction method that will
make the site to be cleaner and safer.


ii Base connection - sketch and annotate

the slab or bloom base and the gusset base
i. Base
Connection. The end of the column and the upper surface of the base plate should be
machined to give a good interface contact when using a bloom base.

The base plate and column can be connected together by using cleats or
by fillet welding.

The gusset base is composed of a number of members which reduce the

thickness of the base plate.

A machined interface between column and base plate will enable all the
components to work in conjunction with another.

The base is joined to the foundation by holding down bolts.

Column steel wedges are inserted between the underside of the base
plate and the top of the foundation.

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ii. Beam to column

Connection connections
Between
Base And • simple connections where load is transmitted to
the column through a seating cleat.

Foundation • usual method employed is the semi rigid

connection by means of top cleats and/or web
cleats .
• A fully rigid connection detail, which gives the
greatest economy on section sizes, is made by
welding the beam to the column.

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 iii Type of demolition at congested area and what shall he do

The best type of demolition method to be used at congested area is a top-down method which is by
using pusher arm. The other methods are not suitable mainly due to time consumption and also the
impact that will happen during demolition works. For example, using hand demolition will be time
consuming, wrecking ball uses a lot of working space due to the uncontrollable debris and explosive is
also risky due to the vibration it will cause during demolition works that might affect the structure of
buildings close by.

In order to ensure the