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SC 2010
TETTEX INFORMATION N 50
Measuring ratio on power transformers at higher voltages
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Table of Content
Foreword.............................................................3
Analytical Explanation.......................................4
Measurement examples from the field............6
Field measurement 1 .........................................6
Field measurement 2 .........................................7
Field measurement 3 .........................................8
Field measurement 4 .........................................9
Instrument used .................................................9
Conclusions ..................................................... 10
References ....................................................... 10
Notes ................................................................ 11
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TETTEX INFORMATION N 50
Measuring ratio on power transformers at higher voltages
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Foreword
O
ver the years, some of our customers There a several applications where delta
have reported that for large connected tertiary windings are either
transformers (> 100 MVA) where use essential or more economical than other
of tertiary windings is either solutions like multi-limb cores. Delta-
mandatory or prevalent, using a higher test connected tertiary windings are invariably
voltage leads to a better accuracy in the needed in transformers connected in Y-Y
ratio results. Upon further investigations primary-secondary connection, at wind
and several field measurements at large generation stations where small turbine
transformer test laboratories, the findings transformers are connected to a Y-Y
were that higher test voltage indeed leads transformer to prevent generator damage
to a better accuracy and has a technical from line fault zero sequence currents; auto-
basis as explained later in this document. transformers.
The test voltage of 250 V was finally
chosen, as it gave the optimum results.
Higher voltages as 10 kV or 12
kV doesn’t provide better
results, as capacitive probes or
dividers have to be added to
the test circuit, introducing an additional
measuring error of 0.5% or even higher,
which ends in a not accurate measurement
(standards fix a limit of 0.5% maximum
error).
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Analytical Explanation
Why higher test voltage is needed for dimensional representation of a three-
accurately measuring the voltage/turns ratio winding transformer. The middle-limb has
of a large transformer is analytically been omitted for simplicity. The winding
explained hereafter. In the derivation that close to the iron-core is the tertiary winding,
follows, consider the case of a three winding the middle winding and the outermost is
transformer with a delta connected tertiary. the high voltage winding.
Figure below shows a simplified two
ϕ21
ϕ12
ϕλ1
1. High voltage
winding
2. Middle winding
ϕλ2 3. Tertiary or third
winding
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S
everal test at different locations and on power transformers of different
ratings with different test voltages, confirm the tendency that the
measured ratio gets closer to the design ratio when tested at higher
voltages levels.
Tables 1 to 3, below shows the results obtained during voltage ratio testing of
large three-winding transformers.
Real
measurements
Field measurement 1
During real
measurements the Ratio measurement on 400/225/31,5 500 MVA transformer YN auto d11.
influence of Voltage ratio measured between 400/225 kV winding, tap 10 (Design ratio
different test 7.3300)
voltages (40 V up
to 250 V) on the Instrument Test
measured ratio used Phase voltage Ratio Error (%)
value was TTR 2796 Phase U 250 V 7.3417 0.16%
investigated.
TTR 2796 Phase U 100 V 7.3539 0.33%
TTR 2796 Phase V 250 V 7.3383 0.11%
TTR 2796 Phase V 100 V 7.3495 0.27%
TTR 2796 Phase W 250 V 7.339 0.12%
TTR 2796 Phase W 100 V 7.3477 0.24%
0.33%
0.35%
0.30%
0.27%
0.24%
0.25%
Ratio Error
0.20%
0.16%
0.15% 0.12%
0.11%
0.10%
0.05%
0.00%
Phase U Phase V Phase W
Phae and Test Voltage
100 V 250 V
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Field measurement 2
0.28%
0.30%
0.23%
0.25%
0.20%
0.20%
Ratio Error
0.15% 0.13%
0.11% 0.11%
0.10%
0.05%
0.00%
Phase U Phase U Phase V
Phase and test Voltage
100V 250V
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Field measurement 3
0.090
0.080
0.070
0.060
Ratio Error
0.050 0.5% accuracy limit
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
‐
25 V 100 V 250 V
Testvoltage
Using test voltages bellow 100 V, the measured ratio value is outside
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Field measurement 4
0.0030
0.00269
0.0025
0.0020
Ratio Error
0.0015
0.00103
0.0010
0.0005
0.00003
‐
25 V 100 V 250 V
Testvoltage
Instrument used
Experience acquired from the above described field studies formed the
basis for the development of the TTR 2796, Which combines mobility and
user friendly handling with unmatched accuracy of up to 0.03%.
The higher Test voltage of 250 V together with the high precision assures
authentic results especially on large power transformers. Advanced analysis
features like trending allow the user to detect problems in an early stage.
The automatic winding connection identification feature aids to find the
correct transformer configuration. With the optional arbitrary phase shift
software also special transformers with irregular vector groups can be
measured.
For additional technical information about this instrument, download the
leaflet from
www.haefely.com
or contact
sales@tettex.com
TETTEX INFORMATION N 50
Measuring ratio on power transformers at higher voltages
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Conclusions
Field results clearly show that at higher test voltages, the accuracy of ratio
measurement is greatly increased and measured values are closer to the
design values. This supports the analytical conclusion that at higher test
voltage, the flux coupling between the tested and measured windings is
correctly captured and reflected in the measured results.
Note
References
1. IEEE C57.12.00, clause 9 (2000); General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed
Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers.
2. IEC 60076-1, clause 9 (2000); Power Transformers – Part I: General.
R. Kuppuswamy
Haefely Test AG, Tettex Instruments Division
Basel, Switzerland
TETTEX INFORMATION N 50
Measuring ratio on power transformers at higher voltages
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Notes
TETTEX INFORMATION N 50
Measuring ratio on power transformers at higher voltages
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