Lab report

Group Members:

Abdul Rafay 18-ME-143

S.Hasnain Haider 18-ME-175
Osama Nazir 18-ME-209

Dated: 18th October, 2019

LAB REPORT # 2
 Verification of 1st Condition of Equilibrium

Objectives:
 To verify first condition of equilibrium experimentally and
theoretically.
 To compare experimental and theoretical results.

Apparatus:
 Funicular polygon and forces Apparatus.
 Hanger and Hooks.
 Weights.
 Stings.

1ST Condition of Equilibrium:

The 1st condition of equilibrium states that:
“The sum of all the forces acting on a body at equilibrium is zero”

∑F=0

Law of polygon of forces:

 Law of polygon states that when we have forces acting on a body
at equilibrium are added by head to tail rule then it will take the shape of
a closed polygon. If it does not make the shape of polygon then the body
is not at equilibrium.
Procedure:
 We changed the number of loads and the number of hangers.
 We Set up five pulley brackets, cords and hangers in a suitable
arrangement.

 We Balanced loads on the cords and adjust the loads and lines of
the pulley brackets to achieve a state of equilibrium. Success was
certain when the ring "floats" centrally on the center peg.

 We Noted the value of the weights on each hanger and their

respective angles.

 Then we calculated the sum of forces at X and Y directions.

 We calculated the sum of forces first analytically by using the

equations of ‘1st condition of equilibrium’ i.e.

∑ F x =0 & ∑ F x =0
Where,

F x =F Cosθ

FY =F Sinθ
Observations and calculations:
5 Forces:
Sr. Force F Angle( θ )° Fx=Fcos( θ Fy=Fsin( θ )°
No N )° N
1 N
0.6 0° 0.6 0
2
0.7 73° 0.204 0.66
3
0.7 144° -0.5 0.41
4
0.6 216° -0.48 -0.35
5
0.7 288° 0.216 -0.66

∑Fx= 0.04 N , ∑Fy= 0.06 N

R= √ ∑ F 2
x +∑ F 2y

R=0.0721 N
θ ¿ 56.3°

F4
F3

F5

F2

4 Forces: F1
R
Force F Angle(ɵ)° Fx=Fcos( Fy=Fsin( θ
N θ )° )°
N N
0.5 0° 0.9 0
0.6 84° 0.08 0.8
0.7 182° -0.8 -0.03
0.9 253° -0.2 -0.8

∑Fx= -0.02 N , ∑Fy= -0.03 N

R= √ ∑F 2x +∑ F 2y
R= 0.04 N
θ ¿ 56.30 °

F3

F1
3 Forces:

F4
Force F Angle(ɵ)° Fx=Fcos( Fy=Fsin( θ
N θ )° )°
N N
1.0 0° 0.7 F 2 0
1.1 121° -0.4 0.6
0.8 239° -0.4 -0.6
R
∑Fx= -0.1 N , ∑Fy= 0 N
R= √ ∑F 2x +∑ F 2y
R=0.1 N
θ ¿0 °

F3 F2

F1 R
Results:
The 1st condition of equilibrium is satisfied in this experiment.
summation of all forces acting on a body at equilibrium is zero.
Comments:
These errors can occur during experiment:
1. Error due to air in surrounding.
2. Error in determining the position of the ring with naked eyes,
whether the ring is in center or not.
3. Error due to friction of pulleys.
Applications:
i. Structures of towers.
ii. Design of bridges.
iii. Design of trusses.