Faraday Grid Technical Summary

Faraday Exchanger
• Bi-directionally control the voltage, frequency and power factor to control power flow.
• High-speed electromagnetic path switching instead of electronic circuit switching used in
present day devices.

Body of Device
• Transformer functionality delivered through magnetic core and primary and secondary
coils.
• Additional control coils used to form virtual air gap within core to vary the flux pathway
within the device.
• Physics has no limitation on scale, works for any power level and frequency from
microelectronics to HV generation.
• Energy stored within the device in out of phase magnetic flux through core secondary flux
path.

Control System
• On-board control system microcontroller continuously monitoring device to command
control coils.
• Operates in an autonomous manner with no network connection, managing immediate
geographic location to maintain a stable and efficient power flow.
• Continuously monitoring its input and output waveform, and dynamically controls the
power flow to maintain optimality.
• Pulse width modulation used in conjunction with voltage and current control loops.

Device Performance
The table below demonstrates the comparative performance between a Faraday Exchanger and a
Transformer. Results are based on the performance of the Exchanger prototype design results
achieved.
Faraday
Description Transformer Comments
Exchanger

Voltage Control Range +/- 25% 0%

Up to 99th Device can modulate a square wave

Harmonics Removal 0
Harmonic to a sine wave.
Device provides both capacitive and
Power Factor Control Range +/- 0.7 0
inductive power factor control

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Faraday Grid
System Architecture
• The Faraday Grid is a self-managing peer to peer electricity network, allowing anywhere to
anywhere transfer of electricity.
• Decentralised control methodology, each Faraday Exchanger operates autonomously with
its own local control system.
• When multiple Faraday Exchangers are combined in a system an emergent order is
inherently formed.
• Maintains a stable balance of supply and demand throughout the system allowing it to adapt
to power volatility at a microsecond level.
• The Faraday Grid is able to continuously operate at its optimal point without the need for
additional control systems.
Result: Reduced capital cost and system complexity

Grid Inertia
• Each Faraday Exchanger within grid has energy storage in the magnetic domain
• Stored energy is synchronous and acts to replace mechanical inertia lost from traditional
generation
• Devices are geographically dispersed throughout the network resulting in distributed
energy storage and inertia
Result: Dramatically improve grid stability.

Communication
Faraday Grid and Faraday Exchanger do not require any external data communications to operate
and maintain grid stability and power flow.

Primary Communications
• Utilises the inherent information that is the electrical waveform itself to communicate and
interoperate control and modulation requirements across the system.
Result: Removes the need for additional communications and information system, reducing capital
cost and removing cyber risk.

Secondary Communications
• Existing technology allows data to be sent over power lines.
• Data can be used to send status information between Exchangers within the system and
improve control algorithms.
• Emergent transactional grid can use power line connections to transact between devices,
allowing a cyber-secure system, with a fit for purpose protocol within a trusted system.
• Does not have the technical limitations of blockchain solution.
Result: Achievable pathway to transactional grid at global scale.

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