​ASSIGNMENT OF

OPERATING SYSTEM
CLASS : ​M.SC(IT)
1
ROLL NO. : ​4511
SUBMITTED BY :
VAISHALI PATIAL
SUBMITTED TO: ​MR.
CHETAN GUPTA

TOPIC: ​PARALLEL SYSTEMS ​&

DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
PARALLEL SYSTEMS:
​MULTIPROCESSOR
SYSTEMS is also known as PARALLEL SYSTEMS and
MULTICORE SYSTEMS.Multiprocessor system
supports the processes to run in parallel.Parallel
processing is the ability of the CPU to simultaneously
process incoming jobs. Multiprocessor
systems refers to the use of two or more central
processing units within a single computer system.
Such systems have two or more processors in a close
communication sharing the computer bus,
memory and other peripheral devices.These systems
are referred as tightly coupled systems.
These types of systems are used when very high
speed is required to process a large volume
of data.These systems are generally used in satellite
control,weather forecasting etc.
BASIC ORGANISATION OF
MULTIPROCESSING SYSTEM

Multiprocessor systems is based on a systematic

multiprocessing model,in which each processor runs
an identical copy of operating system and these
copies communicate with each other.
MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEM HAVE THREE MAIN
ADVANTAGES:
1.​​These systems can save money in compared to
single processor systems because the processor
can share peripheral,power supplies and other
devices.
2.​​The main advantage of multiprocessing system is
to get more work done in a short period of
time.
3.​​Multiprocessor systems prove more reliable in the
situations of failure of one processor.In this
situation,the system with multiprocessor will not halt
the system;it will only slow it down.
The multiprocessor systems in use today are of two
types.
Asymmetric Multiprocessing ​,in which each
processor is assigned a specific task.A boss
processors controls the system;the other processor
either look to the boss for instruction
to have the predefined tasks.this schemes defines a
BOSS-WORKER relationship.The boss
processors schedules and allocate work to worker
processor.
Symmetric Multiprocessing ​,in which each processor
performs all tasks within the operating
system.SMP means all that all processors are
peers;no boss-worker relationship exists between
processors.In this all processors share physical
memory.

DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS:
​ distributed system
A
in its most simplest definition is a group of
computers working together as to appear as a single
computer to the end user.
A network, in the simplest terms,is a communication
path between two or more systems.Distributed
systems depend on networking for their
functionality.
The main features of distributed system are:
1. ​Components of the system are
concurrent.Distributed systems allow resource
sharing,including
software by systems connected to the network at the
same time.
2. ​A global clock is not required in a distributed
systems.The system can be spread across different
geographies.
3. ​Compared to the other network models,there is a
greater fault tolerance in distributed systems.
4. ​Price\Performance ratio is much better.

THE MAIN GOAL OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM

INCLUDES:
1. TRANSPARENCY: ​Achieving the image of the single
system without concealing the details of the
location,migration,failure,relocation,persistence and
resources to the user.
2. OPENNESS: M​ aking the network easier to
configure and modify.
​ ompared to a single system, a
3. RELIABILITY: C
distributed system is highly capable of being secure,
consistent and have capability of masking errors.
4. PERFORMANCE: C ​ ompared to other
models,distributed models are expected to give a
much wanted
boosts to performance.
5. SCALABILITY:​ Distributed systems should be
scalable with respect to geography,administration
or size.

CHALLENGES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS INCLUDE:

1. ​Security is a big challenge in a distributed
environment,especially when using public networks.
2. ​Fault tolerance could be tough when the
distributed model is build based on unreliable
components.
3. ​coordination and resource sharing can be difficult
if proper protocols are not in place.
4. ​Process knowledge should put in place for the
administrators and the users of the distributed
model.