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Created by
Septy Riani Pangindoman
Sri Wahyuni
Yulita Adriana
The Function of Speech
There are a number of ways of categorising the
function of speech:
• Expressive
utterances express the speaker’s feeling
e.g., I’m fe e ling g re a t to d a y
• Directive
utterances attempt to get someone to do something
e.g., Cle a r the ta ble !
• Referential
utterances provide information
e.g., At the third s tro ke it will be thre e o ’c lo c k p re c is e ly
The Function of Speech
• Metalinguistic
utterances comment on language itself
e.g., ‘He g e m o ny ’ is no t a c o m m o n wo rd
• Poetic
utterances focus on aesthetic features of
language
e.g., a poem, an ear-catching motto, a ryhme
Pe te r Pip e r p ic ke d a p e c k o f p ic kle d p e p p e rs
• Phatic
• Utterances express solidarity and emphty with
others e.g., Hi, ho w a re y o u, lo ve ly d a y is n’t it!
The Function of Speech
• Other researches have added categories to
deal with promises and threats (c o m m is ive ),
and with marriage vows, bets, and declaration
of war (p e rfo rm a tive s or declarations).
Directives
Directives are concerned with getting people to
do things, for example:
Sit d o wn Imperative
Co uld y o u s it d o wn Interrogative
Iwa nt y o u to s it d o wn Declarative