CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS
cultivated lands and profits
A. THE CLASSIFICATION OF
PEOPLE
Maharlica- nobles
Aliping Namamahay- commmoners
Aliping Saguiguilir- slaves
 Nobles don’t pay taxes but
accompany datu at war
 Commoner are married and
serve their mastser
 Commoners are lords of their
own property.
 There are two types of
alipining saguiguilir; those
who were born slaves and
those who became slaves
because of captivity. Slaves
by birth are not for sale, the
opposite happens to slaves
through captivity.
B. COMMON PROPERTY
 He who lives within the village
of the datu, is owned by the
datu.
 Root crops in the datu’s village
are shared within all castes
inside the datus village.
C. DEBT AND SLAVERY
 A captive can gain his freedom
for 5 taels and 10 fto be wholly
free.
 All possessions of the slave
will be divided in half.
 Unpaid debts are passed
through generations
D. CASES OF MARRIAGES B/WN
SOCIAL CLASSES
 Maharlica + maharlica =
maharlica
 M + own slave = slave and
kids will become free men
 M + slave of another
maharlica = slave will pay his
emaster half of a gold tael for
the “misfortune” she had
caused
 If the father of the child doesn’t
recognize his son as his own,
the child remains a slave
instead of a free man
 Commoner + Slave = all free
men
 If two persons married, of
 whom one was a maharlica
and the other a slave, whether
namamahay or sa guiguilir,
the children were divided (1st
goes to father 2nd goes to
mother the odd one will
become half free & half slave).
E. USURY (practice of lending money
and requiring the borrower to pay a high
amount of interest)
 debtors are condemned to a
life of toil.
 Debtor gives half of his
reports
until he pays the debt.
F. INHERITANCE
 The legitimate children of a
father and mother inherited
equally.
 If one had a children by two or
more legitimate wives, each
children received the
inheritance and dowry of his
mother, with its increase and
that share of his father’s
estate which fell to him out of
the whole.
 If a man had children by one
of his slaves, as well as
legitimate children, the former
had no share in the
inheritance; but the legitimate
children were bound to free
the mother, and to give him
something- a tael or a slave.
 Illegitimate children only
children only received one
third of all their fathers’ riches.
 If there are no children from
the legitimate mother, the
illegitimate mother’s son
takes all.
 Adopted children inherit
double of what was paid for
their adoption
G. DOWRY
 Given by men to the women’s
parents. If the parents are
alive, they enjoy the dowry.
 At their death, it is divided
equally to the children
 If at that time the woman’s
parents and grandparents are
gone, the wife enjoys the
dowry.
H. DIVORCE
 In cases of divorce before the
birth of the children, if the wife
left the husband to marry
another man, she returns the
dowry and pays an additional
amount.
 If she leaves without marrying
another man, she returns the
downy.
 If the husband leaves the wife,
he only receives half of the
dowry.
 If he possesses children at the
time of the divorce, the whole
dowry and the fine will go
directly to the children.
 Before going into war, the
chiefs will try to settle the
dispute before entering in war.
AUTHORS PURPOSE IN
WRITING THE DOCUMENT:
To correct conflicting
 To put an end to
injustice
 To defend the
natives & settle
disputes relating to
the personal affairs
of the natives.
BY: FR. JUAN DE PLASENCIA
XXX
NOTICIA HISTORICO NATURAL
IGOROT
 30 leguas from Pampanga to
Ilocos
 Described as Chinese men
who came to the Ph with
Limahon
 Were compared by Mozo to
the Israelites of Jerusalem.
TINGGUIAN
 40 leguas in the same
mountain trenching to Ilocos.
 Gentle and industrious
 In only 2 years 150 infidel
were converted.
APAYAO
 30 leguas
 Cruel, bloodthirsty and arbaric
people.
 Were compared by Mozo to
the Greeks.
 Believe that the shades
(manes) of the deceased take
delight in human blood.
 Although the Apayao’s loved
to kill, they always spared
women and children no matter
the caste (add. info by mRS)
-----
 In the year 1660, Don Diego
de Salcedo ordered two
soldiers to enter the territory of
the Igorrots. Here they
established a small military
post with a church dedicated
to St. Michael and calls the
placed Cayam.
 The soldiers became sick and
were threatened to leave
bringing with them the
converted natives.
 This happened among the
Apayaos and Tinggians also.
CHAPTER IV: THE MISSION OF
ILOCOS
- Fray Joseph Herice “the
hunter of souls”
- Fray Jacinto Rivera
- Ray Nicholas Fabro
- Fray Manuel Madriaga
1720
  Herice established a village of
converts among the Adang
tribe.
 He called the Apaya converts
Vera/Vira
 Fr. Herice laboured for 22
years then died in1742. Three
years later Fr. Rivera followed
him
CHAPTER V: THE MISSION TO THE
TINGGUIANS
 Fr. Nicholas Fabro forms a
village of converts and called
them San Juan.
 By the year 1750, it contained
more than 1,500 souls.
 after being crippled, Fr.
Madariaga comes to his aid
1736
 Fray Madariaga forms a
village at Dingras and calls it
Santiago.
 He then dies in 1744
 in 1753, two other Tingguian
villages were formed- one
three leguas from Santiago
and another four leguas from
this.
 Fr. Juan Solorzano was sent
to this mission and dies in the
same year after contracting a
fever that kills him after 4 days
(*face palm*)
CHAPTER VI: MISSION TO THE
IGOLOT TRIBE
- Fray Francisco Cordova
- Fray Manuel Carrillo
- Fray Francisco Romero
- Fray Pedro Vivar
- Fray Carlos de Horta
- Fray Joseph Torres
- Fray Juan Sanchez
 Barbarians would not allow
the missionaries inside their
country but accepted
blankets, wine, hog cattle
given to them by some of their
converted brothers.
 “It is a sage among these
people not give burial to any of
their dead, especially if he was
a chief, until whatever he may
have left has been consumed
in gluttony and carousing
among his relatives and other
belonging to him.”
 In 1747, Augustinian Fray
Francisco Cordova was sent
to Agoo, on the frontier of the
Igolots, and soon secured
their good will.
 Fray Manuel Carrillo,
accompanied by Mozo as his
secretary- while he was
conferring to Cordova at
Aringay, five chiefs came
down from the mountains, and
asked Carillo to send
missionaries among them.
 Cordova was made superior
of the new mission, with Fray
Francisco Romero and Fray
Pedro Vivar as his assitants;
they built 2 churches and
baptized many hundreds of
people.
 In other Igolot villages,
missions were conducted by
Fray Carlos de Horta, fray
Joseph Torres & Fray Juan
Sanchez.
AUTHORS PURPOSE:
 To warrant a report of
missionary work and to
describe the Northern Luzon
SOCIAL MILLEU:
 Ongoing participation of
Christianity
 2nd Spanish colonization
 Spreading of Christianity in
North Luzon
BY: FR. ANTONIO MOZO
XXX
DECLARATION OF THE PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
 June 12, 1898 , Ambrosio
declares independence in the
province of Cavite-Viejo,
province of Cavite
THE PHILIPPINE FLAG
WHITE FLAG- distinctive emblem of
the Katipunan which by means of his
compact inspired the masses to rise in
the revolution
SUN- gigantic steps made by the sons
of the country along the path of
progress and civilization
8 RAYS OF THE SUN- 8 provinces who
participated in the war Manila, Cavite ,
Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,
Bataan, Laguna & Batangas
COLORS- commemorates the flag of
the United Sates of North America as a
manifestation of our gratitude
3 STARS- signifies the three principal
islands of this Archipelago- Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao.
WHAT WERE THE KEY TOPICS
DISCUSSED?
 Flag of the country
 1896 revolution
 Role of Katipunan
How many people signed the
proclamation? 98
How many Americans signed the
proclamation?
ONE. M. L. Johnson, coronel of the
artillery
What q’s can you raise?
 Why is their only one
American present in the
proclamation? Out of all
people why call the person
with the lowest rank?
 Why did the proclamation
happen in Cavite and not in
the capital city? (has
something to do w/ BvsA)
 Why did Ambrosio declare the
proclamation instead of
Aguinaldo?
SOCAL MILIEU:
 1896 revolution against the
the Spaniards
 To proclaim the sovereignty of
Phlippines
INTENDED AUDIENCE:
 Spaniards
 Americans
 Filipinos
XXX
PRIMO VIAGGIO INTORNO AL
MONDO
APRIL 26, 1521 (FRIDAY)
 Zula sends one of his sons to
bring two goats to the captain-
general (Magellan)
 Zula request for one boatload
of men to fight against Lapu-
Lapu
 Magellan brings 3 boatloads
of men together with the
Christian king (Rajah
Humabon), the prince & 20-30
balanguais
 They reached MAtn 3 hours
before dawn
APRIL 27, 1521 (SATURDAY)
 In the morning, 49 men leaped
out of the boat while 11 men
remained as lookouts (49 vs.
1500)
 Magellan send men to burn
the villagers houses, this
makes them more furious. 2
Spaniards die whle 20 or 30
houses were burned.
 Magellan dies at the hands of
a native warrior; the Christian
king weeps upon hearing the
news
 8 of Magellan’s man dies, 4
converted Indians and
multiple men wounded.
 15 men from Lapu-Lapu’s side
dies.
 Duarte Barboza announces
his loyalty to Magellan and
Donia Beatrice.
MAY 1, 1521 (WEDNESDAY)
 Rajah Humabon invites the
Spaniards to his home.
 24 men went ashore, among
whom was their astrologer
San Martin de Sevilla
 Rajah Humabon murders his
guests
 John Carvaio and the
constable returns to the ship
after hearing loud cries and
lamentations.
 They immediately weighed the
anchor, leaving Johan
Serrano alone even when he
begged earnestly for them to
redeem him.
 Johan Caravio ensured that
he would remain master of the
boat.
 Johan Serrano curses Johan
Carvaio for this.
End.
Antonio Pigafetta – served as
Magelan’s chronicler and kept
an accurate journal about his
voyage.
XXX
RELATION OF THE
FILIPINAS ISLANDS, AND
OF THE CHARACTER
CONDITIONS OF THEIR
INHABITANTS
JULY 7, 1569
(blue= pro, black=con)
 The Philippine archipelago is
thickly populated
 The inhabitants re not
subjected to any law, king or
lord; not even their slaves are
under great subjection
 When this people give or lend
anything to one another, the
favour must be repaid double
(usury)
 They sell their children
 Privateering and robbery has
a natural attraction for them
 Many times it happen that half
the community is at peace
while half at war.
 All their skills are employed in
setting ambuscades and
laying snares to seize and
capture one another
 The land is fertile and abounds
in all provisions common to
this region.
 If at sometimes, some places
lack the necessities of life, it is
because the natives are the
laziest people in the world.
 They are satisfied with what is
necessary for the present, and
are always more ready to rob
their neighbours of their
possessions than to work and
cultivate their own land.
 More or less gold is found in all
these islands; it is obtained
from the river and in some
places from the mines, which
the native work. However,
they do not work the mines
steadily but only when forced
by necessity.
 When a chief possess one or
two more pairs of earring
made from very fine gold, two
bracelets and a chain, he will
not trouble himself to look for
anymore gold.
 Any native who possesses a
basketful of rice will not seek
for more or do any further work
until it is finished.
 Bornei and Luzon became a
port for Chinese traders
 The natives strike a bargain w/
foreigners and allow them to
work the mines for a period of
time agree upon.
 Cinnamon is flourishing in the
island of Mindanao, mainly n
Quavit and Samboaga
 Through Philippines, Spain
can gain commerce of China
 According to Spain it is
necessary to have a port in the
Philippines because they have
many neighbours- Japan,
China, Xava(Java), Bornei,
Malucos and Nueva Guinea.
 Through good treatment and
display of kindness the natives
could easily be subdued.
 The natives will be easily
converted to our holy Catholic
faith for most of them are
heathens.
 The Moros refrain from pork.
 The heathens have no law at
all
 They hold superstitions
 In some islands, the mountain
regions are inhabited by
blacks*
 Marriage among the natives is
a kind of purchase or trade.
 A man with many daughters is
considered rich.
THESE ARE ALL OPINIONS COMING
FROM THE GENERAL MIGUEL
LOPEZ DE LAGAZPI; FIRST
GOVERNOR OF THE PHILIPPINES