ABSTRACT

In this experiment, we had to study the flow pattern under various

conditions such as varies in speed, type of impeller and inclusion of
baffles.Practically, we need to determine the flow patterns based on two
different type of fluids.The flow patterns are determined by observing
how the two types of fluid flowing in tank.These flow patterns depends
on type of impellers used.We also need to to show how the power
consumed by a mixer under those various conditions.The power can be
calculated in the form of power number which will further discussed.

Two parts of experiment was divided.The first part is to observed the

flow pattern by using different paddle with and without baffle.Two
medium of fluid is used, water and air as single phase fluid mixing.Flat
paddle and turbine are used to observe the water flow patterns.Baffle
was included fitted to the wall of the tank to prevent gross vortex
behavior hence create different patterns of water flow.

The second part is to show how the power consumed by a mixer varies
in speed ,types of impeller and inclusion of baffle.The power consumed
by the mixer is calculated and the result obtained is interpreted in the
form of graph where the relation between power and angular speed.

INTRODUCTION

The basic concept of fluid mixing is simply put as mixing ‘x’ fluid into
fluid ‘y’ and form homogeneous mixture.Mixing impeller were designed
to pump fluid through the impeller to produce turbulence.This mixing
operations produces fluid velocity and fluid shear.Fluid velocity produces
movement throughout mixing vessels while fluid shear in the form of
turbulent which breaking up gas bubbles or immiscible liquids into small
droplets.Different types of impeller produce different degrees of flow
turbulence.

The impeller flow patterns give impact to the results of mixing

process.The type of impeller give variation in flow patterns.The presence
of baffle increase the amount of top to bottom circulation which
contributes to turbulence.It also creates obstacles for the mixture to
swirl and eliminate vortexes.Two main types of flow pattern were
identified as axial and radial.Variations in distribution of shear rate and
energy dissipation rate in tank cause by the differences of flow
patterns.In this experiment, beside determine the fluid patterns,we also
showing how the power consume by a mixer varies with speed,type of
impeller with and without baffle.

Impeller
Rotating devices that force liquids,gases and vapors in a desired
direction.Widely used in pumping,blowing and mixing.The three types of
impeller that used in this experiment are axial propeller,turbine
propeller and flat blade paddle.Turbine propeller are impellers that
convey the pumped media in direction along the revolving axis.Flat
blade impeller are used for mixing and have one or more paddles.

Axial Flow
Patterns where fluid or gas flowing parallel to the axis turbine.Impellers
that produce axial flow are propeller,pitched blade turbines, and
hydrofoils.

Radial Flow
Pattern that the working fluid flowing mainly along the radii of rotation
in tank.Radial flow impellers produce two circulating loops which below
and above the impeller.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES

Experiment 1:
To observe the various flow patterns that can be achieved by the use of
different impellers with and without the use of baffles.

Experiment 2:
To show how the power consumed by a mixer varies with speed,type of
impeller, and with the inclusion of baffles.

CONCLUSIONS

Data collected shows that the fluid flow smoothly in circular pattern
and rotary motion when the absence of baffle but when the baffle
inserted, the fluid flow in random direction.Overall, the purpose of the
experiment was determine the fluid flow patterns under variation
conditions and show power consumed by mixer.In experiment 1, the flat
paddle impeller affect has highest torque followed by turbine
impeller.This shows that flat paddle is the most effective and economical
since it do not consume much power.In experiment 2, the highest power
obtained for either with or without baffle is from flat paddle
impeller.This shows that flat impellers have been quantitatively in terms
of power consumption as the influence of highly shear-thinning behavior.
Both experiment have done successfully in final and the objective of the
experiment was achieved.

RECOMMENDATIONS

There are several improvement that can be conducted safety and to

obtain satisfying result in this experiment.Firstly to prevent any
incident ,seal the impeller at the end of the shaft and also seal the tank
properly.Next, attached each impeller tot he base of the bush level
carefully so it will not get off during the experiment. Furthermore,
carefully lift the lid to change the propeller as it is heavy set of tank and
engine.Lastly,repeat experiment at least 3 times to obtain average and
more accurate results.

APPENDICES
Baffle
Turbine Impeller
Flat paddle