TELECOMMUNICATIONS

GUIDELINE

Revision 01 - November, 2013

Revision 02 - May 2014 Prepared by HDTH
►These slides are presented for Knowledge Sharing Plan
of Instrument Dept- Technip Vietnam
►Audiences are E&I/project engineers who will have an
overview of Telecommunications
►Detail telecommunications will be provided in other
sessions

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 CONTENT

I. Telecommunications

II. Telecommunications scope in Energy industry

III. Radio communication

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS

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 1. Telecommunications
Wording:
Telecom is communication at a distance by technological means, • Telecommunications
• Telecommunication ( seldom usage)
to ensure the connection and transmission. • Telecom (short form)
• Communications

Building/Infrastructure industry

Extra Low Voltage

Broadcasting
industry
ICT (IT,
Broadcasting
Mobile)

Instrument & Control

IT & Mobile industry

Energy industry
Telecommunications

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TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Oil and Gas

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 Telecommunications @ Oil & Gas

• is a part of instrument & control department.

• use same technology but vary in terms of certain

Telecommunication standards
ITU-T Standards
classifications and safety requirements ITU-R Standards
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.11
EIA/TIA 568 B
EIA/TIA 606 A
….

• CAP 437: Standards for Offshore Helicopter

• IMO MODU: Construction and equipment of mobile offshore
drilling units
• SOLAS : Safety of Life at Sea
• GMDSS: Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
• UL 913: Intrinsically safe apparatus and associated
apparatus for use in hazardous (classified)
locations
• IEC 529 : Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP
code)
• IEC 79-14 Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres:
Part 14: Electrical installation in explosive gas
atmosphere
…….

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Telecommunication in O&G

4 segments:

Reference: ABB Oil and Gas Engineering book 8

External Communication

• Transmission/backbone (SDH/PDH/ATM/DWDM)
• Fiber Optic Communication
• Microwave Radio
• MF/HF
• VHF-FM Marine
• VHF-AM Aero
• Satellite System: VSAT
• Inmarsat B/C/M/F
• Offloading Telemetry
• Berthing System
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Internal Communication

• PABX & Telephone System

• UHF Radio
• TETRA
• Paging Systems
• Driller’s Talkback
• Crane Radio
• SCADA Radio
• Turret/tower Communication (FPSO)
• LAN/WAN
• Entertainment
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Safety & Security

• Public Address & General Alarm System

• Siren
• CCTV System
• Access Control
• Intrusion Detection
• Meteorological System
• Radar
• Navigation Systems
• EPIRB, SART & Beacons
• DGPS
• AIS

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Management & Utility Systems

• Telecom Maintenance System

• Network Management System
• Power Supply Systems
• Cable Systems
• Light Systems

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FEED - Preliminary Engineering stage

►Deliverables: RFQ
• Philosophy
• General specification
• Each system specifications
• Block diagrams
• Layouts

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DE & Procurement - Detail Engineering stage

►Deliverables: Material Requisition for Construction

• Technical Bid Clarification
• Technical Bid Evaluation
• Vendor Data Review
• Material requisition
– Detail specification
– Detail installation
– Detail equip. list
– Detail equip. schedule

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 RADIO
COMMUNICATIONS

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 Radio Communications

►Radio Communications
• Communicate with satellite:
– VSAT
– INMARSAT
– Satellite Telephone
– SART
– EPIRB
• Troposcatter
• Digital Microwave Radio
• UHF FM
• VHF FM Marine Radio System
• VHF AM Aero Radio System
• Non Directional Beacon
• HF SSB radio system
• Crane Radios
• Wi-Fi / WiMax
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 VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal )

►Radio Communications
• Communicate with satellite:
– VSAT
– INMARSAT
– Satellite Telephone
– SART
– EPIRB
– TVRO

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 VSAT (cont)

►VSAT
• Using when distance more than 120 km
• VSAT can transfer voice and data
• Bandwidth is often 2 Mbps
• VSAT at Vietnam provided by VINASAT only
• VSAT use Ku band, LOS to satellite

VINASAT 1

Orbital Location: 132o E

Capacity: 36Mhz/Transponder, 12 Ku-band
Coverage: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and part of Myanmar
Capacity: 36Mhz/Transponder
Frequency:
Uplink: 13.750 - 14.500Ghz Vertical
Downlink: 10.950 - 11.700Ghz Horizontal
Saturated Flux Density (SFD): -90dBW/m2
Polarization: Orthogonal linear

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 VSAT (cont)

►Components
• Outdoor unit, diameter < 3m
• Indoor unit
• Waveguide cable
►Technology
• Single Channel Per Carrier
• Time Division Multiple Access
• C band ( 4-8 GHz) or Ku band (12-18 GHz)
• Weight : ~ 200 kg
• Height: ~ 2m
►Services:
• Up to bandwidth of 36 Mbps
• Normal 2 Mbps due to cost
• VoIP, Data transaction, Video conference,..

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 INMARSAT (International Mobile Satellite Organization)

► International Mobile Satellite Organization

• Inmarsat ( UK) begin trading services from 1982
• Communicate with Inmarsat satellite to provide secure &
safety services
• Inmarsat Fleet Broadband provide service of data/voice
communication
• Inmarsat can be used as a backup line because of high cost.

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 INMARSAT(cont)

►Example
• Height: 72cm
Diameter: 70cm
Weight: 15.5kg

• Up to 432kbps
• Voice: 4kbps, 3.1 kHz audio
• Fax: Group 3 fax via 3.1kHz audio
• SMS: Standard 3G (up to 160 characters)
• Interfaces: 4 x Ethernet (2 x PoE)

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Troposcatter

►Characters
• 30km-300km
• Up to 20Mbps
• 2 GHz
• QPSK, OFDM
• From 1950s, seldom
usage

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 DMR

►Digital Microwave Radio

• Point to Point antenna

Communication
– Topside to topside
ODU
– Topside to onshore
• Distance ~ 120 km
IF cable
• 3GHz-23 GHz
• Line-of-Sight
• Data rate from 8Mbps to
155 Mbps ( SDH/STM1)
IDU IF port

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 DMR (cont)

►Some Frequency ►The usage depend

bands used mainly on the budget
• 2 GHz calculation results and
• 7 GHz the path length
• 13 GHz 7G Frequency F0 (MHz) T/R Spacing Channel Spacing
• 18 GHz Range (MHz) (MHz)

• 23 GHz 7425–7725 7575 154 28

7575 161 7
7110–7750 7275 196 28
7597 196 28
7250–7550 7400 161 3.5
… … … …

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 DESIGN
•Path loss Tool
•Parameter to calculate Loss

SELECT EQUIPMENT:
•Operating Frequency
•Modulation
•Capacity
•Bandwidth
•Output power ANTENNA PARAMETERS :
•Gain
•Receiver Thresholds @ BER= 10-6 •Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
•MTBF •Side and back lobe levels
•Beam width
•Discrimination of cross polarization
•Mechanical stability

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Hot standby 1+1 configuration

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Radio communication tower

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 End of day 1
(cont’ next day)

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 MF/HF/VHF/UHF

►Radio Communications
VLF
• MF/HF SSB radio system LF
Very low frequency
Low frequency
• VHF FM Marine Radio System MF Medium frequency
• VHF AM Air band Radio System HF High Frequency
VHF Very High Frequency
• UHF FM UHF Ultra High Frequency
• Non Directional Beacon ( HF AM) SHF Super High Frequency
EHF Extremely High Frequency
• Crane Radios ( UHF and VHF)

VLF LF MF HF VHFUHF SHF EHF

3k 30 k 300 k 3 M 30 M 300 M 3G 30 G 300 GHz

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 MF/HF/VHF/UHF (cont)

UHF Base
Station

VHF-FM Base
Station
Radio
Console
VHF-AM Base
Station

MF/HF Base
station

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 MF/HF/VHF/UHF

►Radio Communications
• MF/HF SSB: communicate to onshore/coast
• VHF FM Marine :communicate with vessels
• VHF AM Aero: communicate with pilots
• UHF FM : communicate internal platform
• Non Directional Beacon ( HF AM): alert to helicopter
• Crane Radios ( UHF and VHF) : crane operator communicate with
vessels and internal topsides

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 HF SSB
Ionosphere

Other platform
Onshore

Base station for long-haul land mobile communications

Frequency Range:
RX : 30 kHz – 30.0000 MHz
TX : 1.600 – 30.0000 MHz

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VHF-AM

VHF-AM (RR)

VHF-AM (CCR)

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 NDB
Non-Directional (radio) beacon (NDB)

•MF: 190 kHz ~1750 kHz ( ICAO Annex 10)

•Modulation: AM
•50W – 2kW

Remote
Control

Tx 1
ATU
Tx 2

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 VHF-FM

Channel 16: Emergency

VHF-FM (RR)

VHF-FM (CCR)

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UHF FM | Voice

UHF-FM (RR)

UHF-FM (CCR)

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UHF FM | Voice (cont’)

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 UHF&VHF | Data
UHF licensed bands
Channel size: 12.5 kHz , 25 kHz
Data rate: 9.6 kbps ~512 kbps,
especial up to 2 Mbps
UHF – platform 1
Distance 100m~20 km
Using for SCADA radio

UHF – platform 2

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Example for VHF-FM coverage

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Crane Radio

VHF-FM

UHF-FM

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Crane Radio (cont)

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 Wi-Fi

WLAN - LQ
►2.4GHz, 5 GHz
►IEEE 802.11b (2.4GHz @ Components
11Mbps), 802.11g (2.4GHz ►Access Point
@ 54Mbps), 802.11a
►Power supply by DC power
(5GHz @ 54Mbps),
or Power over Ethernet
802.11n (2.4GHz +/5GHz
(PoE)
@ up to 300Mbps)
►802.11 ac, up to 500
►Coverage : 10 ~ 30 m, ~30
Mbps/channel, will common
active users/APs
from 2015

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 WiMax

Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access
►2.3 GHz, 2.5GHz, 3.5 GHz
►Coverage : up to 5 km
►30 Mbps ~ 1 Gbps
►is similar to Wi-Fi, but
greater distances, 300+
users /hub
►IEEE 802.16

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 Entertainment system

►Television Receive Only ►Antenna dish ~ 50 cm

(TVRO)
►20 kg
►Ku or C band

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 SART

Search and Rescue Transponder (SART)

►is a self-contained, waterproof
►9 GHz X-band
►Coverage : up to 15 km
►30 Mbps ~ 1 Gbps
►On TEMPSC (life boat), life raft

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 EPIRB
Emergency Position Indicating Radio
Beacon
►1.6 GHz, work INMARSAT geostationary
satellite
►406 MHz, work with the Cospas-Sarsat
polar orbiting satellite system
►121.5 MHz, work for "homing" purposes
►GPS built-in
►On TEMPSC (life boat), life raft

PLB (Personal Locator Beacon), ELT (Emergency Locator Transmitter)

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EPIRB (Cont)

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 ► Technip Telecom projects
► DNV Telecom
► Norsok Telecom
References
► Petronas PTS
► Shell DEP
► ABB Telecom
► Yokogawa Telecom
► NEC Microwave
► Motorola radio
► Telecom product catalogue
► ...

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