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INTRODUCTION
In Guimaras, problems occur when subterranean termites attack the wooden elements of
human-made structures, homes, business and warehouses of fruits like mangoes. There has been
an increasing interest for the development of environment- friendly, botanical pesticides, microbial
sprays, and insect growth regulators. Subterranean colonies were in the ground beneath or near
the school, before it was built. The termites are coming into the school buildings through the
utilities holes another cracks and gaps in the concrete slab and foundations. These pests caused
destruction of school textbooks and other learning references which affects the teaching and
learning process in school. Many plant extracts and essential oils are alternative sources of termite
control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive chemicals (Cheng et al., 2007).
Milletia piscatoria locally known in Guimaras as “tubli” is a vine plant having roots that
possess insecticidal properties because of its rotenone content. Rotenone from roots is a raw
material for insecticides against plant pests. Since early times, the root has been used as fish poison
in the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, and the Malay Peninsula. The Chinese and Malay
gardeners have used the root decoction as an insecticide. Rotenone has also been found effective
against plant lice, leaf beetles, aphids, flies, caterpillars, ticks, chicken lice, red spiders, and other
In this study, the bio-termiticidal activity of Milletia piscatoria leaf extract on the mortality
of subterranean termites was evaluated. The significance of the potential bio- termiticide is in many
Collection of Leaves
250 grams Milletia piscatoria leaves were cut into smaller sizes and were pounded using
Leaf Extraction
The cut leaves of Milletia piscatoria were placed in a clean cloth and were squeezed to
Subterranean Termites from the same mound were gathered from Tastasan, Buenavista,
Guimaras.
Eighteen (18) plastic cups were prepared. A filter paper was cut at a size just enough to
exactly fit at the bottom part of the specimen cup. Ten (10) subterranean termites were carefully
transferred to the specimen cup with a filter paper. Subterranean Termites were allowed to adapt
Application of Treatments
Each treatment of the three (3) replicates was gradually dropped to each specimen cup
(without hitting the termites) with subterranean termites until the filter paper was completely wet.
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A dropper was used to drop 1.5 mL of every treatment to completely wet the filter paper. It was
The response and mortalities of the subterranean termites were observed for 24 hours as
they moved freely in the filter paper (wet with the Milletia piscatoria extract). A magnifying glass
After the experiment, the used apparatus were washed, sterilized and returned to the cabinet
Used samples and other non-toxic waste materials were disposed at Buenavista National
High School disposal area. Toxic materials were disposed at Buenavista National HighSchool
The data were interpreted and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Mean was used to
describe the mortality rate of the subterranean termites as response to Milletia piscatoria leaf
extract.
RESULTS
The way subterranean termites responded to the Milletia piscatoria leaf extract which was
present in the filter paper where they crawled indicated that Milletia piscatoria leaf extract was a
potential termiticide. Counting of mortality was based on immobility and the unresponsiveness of
The varying concentrations of Milletia piscatoria leaf extract caused the mortalities of
subterranean termites after 24 hours of exposure. These results were compared to the mortalities
of subterranean termites caused the positive control (Kerosene) and the negative control (distilled
water).
Table 1 shows that 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% Milletia piscatoria leaf extract totally
eliminated the subterranean termites after 24 hours. Kerosene, which was used as positive control
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caused the mortalities of 10 subterranean termites after 24 hours while 10 subterranean termites
which were treated with distilled water (negative control) survived after 24 hours.
Mortality
Treatments Mean
R1 R2 R3
DISCUSSION
Results of the experiment showed that Milletia piscatoria leaf extract had
components which caused the mortality of subterranean termites. The four (4) different
concentrations exhibited a promising termiticidal effect. All treatments (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%
Milletia piscatoria leaf extract) exhibited a promising performance as bio-termiticide. This was
strongly supported by the equal mean mortality caused by the treatments as compared to the
There was no recorded mortality in the 100 % distilled water, negative control in the study.
This simply proves that the mortalities of subterranean termites in 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%
Milletia piscatoria leaf extract really cause by the component(s) found in the extract.
The results provided a strong indication that Milletia piscatoria leaf extracts could be
used as bio-termiticide. These also suggest that the use of commercial termicides could be
CONCLUSION
Milletia piscatoria leaf extract with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations exhibited
termite control solution, which used the studied leaf extracts as a way of caring the environment.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
3. the screening of bio- termiticidal potency of the plant extract in different methods; and
REFERENCES
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Cheng SS, Chang HT, Wu CL, Chang ST (2007). Antitermitic activities ofessential oils from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication
organic pollutants (pops) for termite management. Retrieved October 14, 2016 from
http://www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/Portals/9/Pesticides/Alternatives-termite-
fulldocument.pdf.
Upadhay, R. et.al (2010). Anti-termite control of tropical and dessert plants.Retrieved October
Quigley, C. (2009). Aboriginal Fish Poisons. American Anthropologist, Volume 58, Issue 3.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1956.58.3.02a00090/pdf.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Mr.Vizur-TY C.Gaitano and Mrs. Ma. Myra P. Gaitano, parents of the researcher;
Mrs. Love Grace H. Velasco, School Principal II, Buenavista Central School;
Miss Jocelyn V. Villa, School Principal II, Buenavista National High School;
Above all, to the Almighty God, for the strength and wisdom provided to the researcher.