Components of Paint Paint is comprised of four main components: pigments, resins,

solvents and additives (. Pigments square measure little particles of organic or inorganic
material that give color and impart radiance, opacity and sturdiness to the end. the
foremost common pigment, an artificial, inorganic chemical that gives a white pigment base.
Resins, or binders, give the paint with film continuity and adhesive- land.

Solvents dissolve or disperse the binder part to switch the viscosity of

coatings, whereas additives square measure accustomed improve coating performance and
coverage, enhance durability and scale back material prices. historically, the residuals of
most paints are thought of non hazardous; paint residuals bearing the “hazardous” label
have typically exceeded bound toxicity or ignitability thresholds. still, in response
to client considerations, manufacturers of the many of those paints have altered their batch
compositions in recent years. [ CITATION jke \l 1033 ]

Mercury Paint formulas within the past usually included such cyanogenic metals as mercury,
lead, metal and atomic number 48. Mercury was inessential to water-based paints and ship
coatings to retard plant growth within the paint. throughout the Seventies, once mercury use
in paint reached its peak, concentrations of the metal in paint were restricted to two
hundred elements per million, however its use continued; as of 1989, concerning thirty % of
water-based paints contained mercury. However, throughout the late Nineteen Eighties, the
paint business stricken associate degree agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to completely eliminate the employment of mercury by August of 1990. still,
mercury will still be found in some water-based paints as a result of some pre1991
paints square measure still in circulation.[ CITATION aut \l 1033 ]

Lead whereas leaded solvents are utilized in bound varieties of paint, lead- containing
pigments square measure the first supply of lead in paint. Lead pigments square
measure comparatively cheap and supply sensible protection against daylight and corrosion.
However, thanks to concern over the poison risks for children, the patron product Safety
Commission in 1972 restricted lead content in residential paints to five
hundred elements per million and associate degree initiative forwarded by the Coalition of
Northeast Governors (CONEG) and adopted by thirteen states can terminate lead, cadmium,
mercury, additionally to the thirteen states below the regulation, many alternative states
have followed suit by enacting similar or identical laws of their own. However, the change
out can have its drawbacks. “Organic substitutes for lead cause higher paint costs and lower
quality,” explains Jay Willner, president of San Francisco-based
WEH corporation., that recently publish- erectile dysfunction a report entitled “-Residential
Lead-Based Paint redress. “Alternative materials square
easure concerning twenty times dearer than lead, and that they supply less opacity and
corrosion of metal For years, metal has been inessential to color within the type
of metal salt to supply a conversion coating, or “primer,” for aluminium, galvanized steel l
and alternative substrates that resist adherence. metal is very helpful during
this application as a result of it's the sole pigment reactive enough to
convert aluminium surfaces. [ CITATION JAM07 \l 1033 ]

cadmium’s high color component, little of the pigment is required. the

employment of atomic number 48 pigments has been curtailed thanks
to considerations over the security of raw-material handlers. However, acknowledged the
importance of this material an inexpensive replacement for atomic number 48 pigments has
eluded the industry; but, RhonePoulenc, a European chemical manufacturer, recently
completed a muti year study of a attainable substitute. Dubbed “cerium chemical
compound,” the inorganic material contains no serious metals and is reportedly comparable
in value and quality to atomic number 48 pigments. Volatile Organic Compounds The
movement toward water-based paints has helped to scale back the VOC content of
paints normally. [ CITATION Geo \l 1033 ]

Oil-based paints square measure still burdened with VOC and ignitability issues, recent
efforts to extend water-reducible co solvents in oil based mostly paints
have partly eased these considerations still. As a results of paint composition
changes, staple ratios have modified dramatically over the past decade important
reductions within the use of solvent have meant corresponding will increase within the use
of resins[ CITATION Joh \l 1033 ]

References
author. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.marinepaintingforum.com/attachments/articles/a15_MPF
%20Husbandry
%20Final.pdfhttps://www.marinepaintingforum.com/attachments/articles/a15_MPF
%20Husbandry%20Final.pdf

Boucher, J. B. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US3023177A/en

CROW, J. M. (2007, AUGUST 21 ). Retrieved from https://www.chemistryworld.com/james-mitchell-

crow/1493.bio

George R. Pilcher, T. C. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.paint.org/article/demand-coatings-raw-

materials-to-2022/

kennedy, j. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?

id=composition_of_paints