CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Current
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a crossed
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 RESISTANCE
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of R for whe
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11043k
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3 12 11
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find value R that maxnteeat
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dissipated I
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that Max rate of
find value of R
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iii
in 2h
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2421
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find R
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 INSTRUMENTS Experiments
Galvanometer

Hammett
did Voltmeter
Lin Potentiometer
Meier Bridge
Vil Wheatstone Bridge
viii Post office Box
Galvanometer

iE

I fF

moment
Magnetic
current carrying coil
of
M LIAN
Humber
of turns
of coil
I MB BIONA
COI
o
E
Current sensitivity
E BANI
 2mA
in ma
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f n I
EM I
i
c

O X I
II
or

Galvanometer
For a

current
Max deflection
Ig through Galvanometer Ign
mA

Galvanometer Cregar
Rg
Resistance of
Voltage
Max deflection
Vg accrross Galvanometer legumes

IgRg_
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Conversion Galvanometer to Ammeter
of
Rg Co Io
Ig

A
o
mG_ g
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p n Rg Q
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Ra SRI
S St
s qRa
Rg
IDs Ig Rg

EMI convert G z
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shunt S R in
Afs Put a of
convert it into Ammeter
parallel to to

S t o.com
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Conversion of to Voltmeter o Vo
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I
G V o
unrig
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tg RH r

Vo
Vo Rit VEG Rg
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Execs Convert to
3mA 2h O 30 V

with G to
Put R in series

get of Co 304 2
pm
7
33

9998N
Exit In circuit
Va reading of Voltmeter
5 E T
Ammeter
oatigreadeni of
F eaT
exII Non ideal t

a Enke
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e
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fat p'T door
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t
120VT z.lt

2A 4 100 V
 I
i
1201 7474 ko

D Readini of too I
Ammeter

in series
E Ammeter Should be put Generally
should be put in parallel
Efflertimmeetnef
OHM's Law

n su

TL
t

i
at
find Leafing

1 V t.EE q A E O
V z I OV
Isn
O
Vz
POTENTIOMETER EXPERIMENT
be used as an IDEAL VOLTMETER
it Can

Volz F Volz
G else 5
Resistance
A _B Uniform
k 70 l tt
I
43
Re PLA
IR Potential Gradient
Vo VAB
unit
potential drop per
VftB length
tentalanadieneyze
the
Driver cell Primary cell Primary circuit

y M
5
12 5 12
If i B

92 How to measure an unknown E ME of a

battery
potentiometer
using
Driver cell Primary cell Primary circuit

Il
y E
M
5
12 5 12
t
B

i
90 a xl Prefeoffexpif
11
Il
El ith E PotentialGradient l
 limitation lis Polarity EMF to be properly
of unknown
adjusted
Lib E f Ed Cdrivers

lil'D It cannot be used to measure

very
Theall potential differences hmv

E 93 How to measure current in a Resistance

Driver cell Primary cell Primary circuit

yA
y
13 7
METS R ER
B

Lp a lz Is Rs
O
m
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f
u
To two E Mrf's
Ex Compare
L
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 To internal resistance
of a battery
Exits measure
Driver cell Primary cell Primary circuit

y
y M
5
R ER
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to
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fit
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LIFE Effye.JRs tP.a b

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ex
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ago
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ta
find currents
o
Exif WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
p Ipa
N Z

R
RssRzy
fix nty

EH'T

y 12
Q
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fl
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o

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or

Balanced Wheatstone condnes

 remains Same even
The balanced condition
if the PQ Realvanometerksy E AB E is
interchanged
p
Ex 98 3
n

Direction in
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 Exit
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for
Eight

i t

Ex
R first Battery
Ri
key K is

I My closed E
then Galvanome
Rz Kz

fh.li sii s
the unknown

1 isCondition
K
Ki is closed first then Kz in order prevent the current too
due to induced EMF back EMF in the Galvanometer coil
 x 102
Unklonown known

do T

E
y
In balancing condition
Xyz
lil
e
Experimentally
measured dam
Balancing length

The accuracy meter bridge experiment 5 more

of
when the balancing point is near the midpoint of
Ineler wire

def
minimised
d
dhleYT.ae
may.misealEEI
 post Office BOX
K E

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11 37.261

Experiment L P Q Pa Ry
n

R 0,1012939 i

X Of R R
R 3or for so LXLY
Deflection direction
of changes

P 100

X 1
300,310,320 R
R 3370 380 37 CXC 38
Deflection changes direction
of
p look X
Ry
3700,3710 3720

R 33720 73730 37.2 C X 373

Deflection of changes direction

10 1000 Q X I
1000

37200 210 37220

X
37 no detection
Rz
X 37r26
Exitos ai CA
It is passed
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4 of Ior R
fi t
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Am
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charge flown
Heat generated from 1 see to zse

I 21 4
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Heat
2
244 2R dt E Ut dt
40,14

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40
F 4oz

E FUSE WIRE
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In
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steady state ISR re e
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toy
I
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32
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 312 E e
fp
r
t
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Battery
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jgnq depends

nature ofelectrolyte
nature electrodes T
of
Fchemical Felectrical

internal resistance more teeny area

resistor
dipped

Temp A internal resistance I

distance bio increases

resistance
e
increases
T
At Concentration of electrolyte M resitance
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Reg Rit R2

teeth t

fill 112k In series

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me
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R
3600batteries J
mo
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when R to d then maximum output of battery

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101
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Galvanometer
E ki

11 1

s K2

E
is LK closed open i
Rt G

H K closed Kzdosed IIs s L4

S is adjusted in such in
a
g
manner that the deflection R 952
is half of earlier deflection
Galvanometer
i e I Current through
2 51242 RatRf
a _spares

in
q.at Tg E
Principle
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