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2020-1-JOH-MUAR

Section A [45 marks]Answer all questions in this section.


1. Given that f : x → 4 x 2 + 6 x − 6 , find the exact coordinates of the minimum point of f (x).
Hence, factorise f (x) into exact linear factor. [6 marks]

2. An arithmetic progression has first term a and common difference 10. The sum of the first n terms
of the progression is 10000. Express a in terms of n, and show that the nth term of the progression
is
10000
+ 5(n − 1) .
n
Given that the nth term is less than 500, show that n 2 − 101n + 2000 < 0 , and hence, find the largest
possible value of n. [9 marks]

3. The variables x, y and z satisfy the system of linear equations


2 x − 5 y + 5 z = −7
x − 2 y + 3z = −1
− x + 3 y = 10
Write a matrix equation for the system of linear equations. By using Gaussian elimination, find
the variables x, y and z. [7 marks]

4. An ellipse has vertices at (5, -1) and (-3, -1) and c = 3. Find the equation of this ellipse and sketch
the ellipse.
[6 marks]

5. Express 1 + i 3 in the form of r (cos θ + i sin θ) . Use De Moivre’s Theorem or otherwise,


8 8
( ) (
show that 1 + i 3 + 1 − i 3 ) = −28 .

8 8
( ) ( )
Hence, find z 4 in polar form given z 4 + 1 + i 3 i + 1 − i 3 i = 0 . [7 marks]

6. The points A, B, C have position vectors i + 2j + 2k , 2i + j + 2k and 2i + 2 j + k respectively, with


respect to the origin O.
(a) Find the vector equation of the line BC. [2 marks]
(b) Find the cartesian equation of the plane S that passes the point A and perpendicular to OA.
[2 marks]
(c) Show that BC is parallel to the plane S. [2 marks]
(d) A circle with centre O passes through the points A and B. Find, in three significant figures,
the length of the minor arc AB. [4 marks]
1


Section B [15 marks]

Answer any one question in this section.

1
7. By using the formula for cos( A + B) , show that cos 2 x = (1 + cos 2 x ), and find a similar
2
expression for sin 2 x . [3 marks]

Given that f ( x) = 10cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x + 6sin x cos x , express f (x) in the form Q + R sin(2 x + α)
where Q, R are constants and tan α = S . [7 marks]
Hence,
(a) find the greatest and least values of f (x), [2 marks]
(b) sketch the graph of y = f (x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . [3 marks]

8. As part of sculpture, an artist erects a flat triangular sheet ABC in his garden. The vertices are
attached to vertical poles DA, EB and FC. The coordinate axes Ox and O y are horizontal, and Oz
is vertical. The coordinates of the triangle are A(2, 0, 2), B(-2, 0, 1) and C(0, 4, 3), with units in
metres.

z
C (0, 4, 3)

B (-2, 0, 1)
y

F
E A
A (2, 0, 2)
A
O
A
D
A x

(a) Find the length of the side AC. [2 marks]


(b) Find the scalar product AB g AC , and the angle BAC. [4 marks]
(c) Show that 2i + 3j − 8k is perpendicular to the lines AB and AC. Hence, find the Cartesian
equation of the plane ABC. [4 marks]
(d) The artist decides to erect another vertical pole GH based at the point G(1, 1, 0).
Calculate the height of the pole if H is to lie in the plane ABC. [5 marks]


2020-1-JOH-MUAR-MARKING SCHEME

1 f : x → 4x2 + 6x − 6
⎡ 6 6⎤
f ( x) = 4 ⎢ x 2 + x − ⎥
⎣ 4 4⎦
2 2
⎡ 3 ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞ 3⎤
= 4 ⎢ x2 + x + ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ − ⎥
⎢⎣ 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦
2
⎡⎛ 3 ⎞ 33 ⎤
= 4 ⎢⎜ x + ⎟ − ⎥
⎣⎢⎝ 4 ⎠ 16 ⎦⎥
2
⎛ 3 ⎞ 33
= 4⎜ x + ⎟ −
⎝ 4⎠ 4

⎛ 3 33 ⎞
Minimum point = ⎜ − , − ⎟
⎝ 4 4⎠

2 2 2
⎛ 3 ⎞ 33 ⎡ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎤ ⎛ 33 ⎞
f ( x) = 4 ⎜ x + ⎟ − = ⎢ 2 ⎜ x + ⎟ ⎥ − ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ 4 ⎣ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
⎡ ⎛ 3⎞ 33 ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ 3⎞ 33 ⎤
= ⎢2 ⎜ x + ⎟ + ⎥ ⎢2 ⎜ x + ⎟ − ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎦⎣ ⎝ 4⎠ 2 ⎦
⎛ 3 33 ⎞⎛ 3 33 ⎞
= ⎜⎜ 2 x + + ⎟⎜
⎟⎜ 2x + − ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠
⎛ 3 + 33 ⎞⎛ 3 − 33 ⎞
= ⎜⎜ 2 x + ⎟⎜ 2 x + ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎟⎜⎠⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

2 n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d ] = 10000
2
20000
2a + 10(n − 1) =
n
20000
2a = − 10(n − 1)
n
10000
a= − 5(n − 1)
n

10000
Tn = a + (n − 1)d = − 5(n − 1) + 10(n − 1)
n
10000
= + 5(n − 1)
n


10000
Given Tn < 500 , ∴ + 5(n − 1) < 500
n

2000
+ (n − 1) − 100 < 0
n
2000 + n 2 − 101n < 0

If n 2 − 101n + 2000 = 0 ,

101 ± 1012 − 4(2000)


n=
2
1
(
= 101 ± 2201
2
)
= 73.96 or 27.04
∴ 27.04 < n < 73.96
Largest possible n = 73

3 ⎛ 2 −5 5 ⎞⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ −7 ⎞
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 −2 3 ⎟⎜ y ⎟ = ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎜ −1 3 0 ⎟⎜ z ⎟ ⎜ 10 ⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ 2 −5 5 −7 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 −2 3 −1 ⎟
⎜ −1 3 0 10 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 1 −2 3 −1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
R1 ↔ Rur2 ⎜ 2 −5 5 −7 ⎟
uuuuuuuu
⎜ −1 3 0 10 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 1 −2 3 −1 ⎞
R2 = −2 R1 + R2 ⎜ ⎟
R3 = R1 + R3 r ⎜ 0 −1 −1 −5 ⎟
uuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ⎜0 1 3 9 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

⎛ 1 −2 3 −1⎞
R2 = − R2 ⎜ ⎟
R3 = R2 + Rur3 ⎜0 1 1 5 ⎟
uuuuuuuuuuuu ⎜0 0 2 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
2z = 4 ⇒ z = 2
y+ z =5⇒ y+2=5⇒ y =3
x − 2 y + 3 z = −1 ⇒ x − 2(3) + 3(2) = −1 ⇒ x = −1

x = −1, y = 3, z = 2
2


4
⎛ 5 + (−3) −1 + (−1) ⎞
center (h, k ) = ⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
= (1, − 1)
h = 1, k = −1

vertices:
(h + a, k ) = (5, − 1) (h − a, k ) = (−3, − 1)
h + a = 5 ⇒ 1+ a = 5 ⇒ a = 4

c2 = a 2 − b2
32 = 42 − b2 ⇒ b2 = 7
2 2


( x − 1) +
( y + 1) =1
16 7

y
e

(1, −1 + 7)
(shape)
x [all correct with
0 1
e F1 (4, -1) and
(−3, −1) F2 (1, −1) F1 (5, −1) F2 (-2, -1) ]

(1, −1 − 7)
5 2
z = 1 + i 3, r = z = 12 + ( 3) =2
π π
tan θ = 3 ⇒ , ∴ arg z = rad
θ=
3 3
⎛ π π⎞
z = 1 + i 3 = 2 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
⎝ 3 3⎠


8
8 ⎡ π π⎤ ⎡ ⎛ π⎞ ⎛ π ⎞⎤
(
1+ i 3 ) = 28 ⎢cos + i sin ⎥ = 28 ⎢cos ⎜ 8 × ⎟ + i sin ⎜ 8 × ⎟ ⎥
⎣ 3 3⎦ ⎣ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠⎦
= 28 [cos 480° + i sin 480°]
= 28 [cos120° + i sin120°]
= 28 [ − cos 60° + i sin 60°]
⎡ 1 3 ⎤
= 28 ⎢ − + i⎥
⎣ 2 2 ⎦
8
(1 − i 3 ) = 28 ⎡⎣cos ( −480° ) + i sin ( −480° )⎤⎦ = 28 ⎡⎣cos ( −120° ) + i sin ( −120° )⎤⎦
= 28 [ − cos 60° − i sin 60°]
⎡ 1 3 ⎤
= 28 ⎢ − − i⎥
⎣ 2 2 ⎦

8 8 ⎡ 1 3 ⎤ 8⎡ 1 3 ⎤ ⎡ 1 3 1 3 ⎤
(1 + i 3 ) + (1 − i 3 ) = 28 ⎢ − + i ⎥ + 2 ⎢− − i ⎥ = 28 ⎢ − + i+− − i⎥
⎣ 2 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 2 2 2 ⎦
= 28 (−1) = −28

8 8
z 4 + i ⎡ 1 + i 3 + 1 − i 3 ⎤ = 0 ⇒ z 4 + i ( −28 ) = 0 ⇒ z 4 = 28 i
( ) ( )
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
⎛ π π⎞
z 4 = 256 ⎜ cos + i sin ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠

6 ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
uuur ⎜ ⎟ uuur ⎜ ⎟ uuur ⎜ ⎟
OA = ⎜ 2 ⎟ , OB = ⎜ 1 ⎟ , OC = ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ 2⎟ ⎜ 2⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ −2 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
uuur uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(a) BC = BO + OC = −1 + 2 = 1
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ C
⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ −1⎟ r
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
B
Vector equation of the line BC :

⎛ 2⎞ ⎛0⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
r = ⎜ 1 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 2i + j + 2z + λ ( j − k )
⎜ 2⎟ ⎜ −1⎟ O
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠


6 (b) Cartesian equation of the plane S :

r gn = a gn = d
⎛1⎞ A
⎜ ⎟ P
r g ⎜ 2 ⎟ = 12 + 22 + 22 = 9
⎜ 2⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ x ⎞ ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ y ⎟ g ⎜ 2 ⎟ = 9 ⇒ x + 2 y + 2z = 9
⎜ z ⎟ ⎜ 2⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
uuur uuur uuur O
(c) if line BC parallel to plane S, then OA g BC = 0 since OA is normal to plane S.

⎛1⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
OA g BC = ⎜ 2 ⎟ g ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 0 + 2 − 2 = 0
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ −1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Therefore, line BC is parallel to plane S.


uuur
(d) radius = OA = 12 + 22 + 22 = 3

uuur uuur uuur uuur


OA g OB = OA OB cos θ A
⎛1⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟ g ⎜ 1 ⎟ = 3 × 3cos θ θ
⎜ 2⎟ ⎜ 2⎟ B
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2 + 2 + 4 = 9 cos θ O
8
cos θ =
9
θ = 0.4759 rad

minor arc AB = s = rθ = 3(0.4759)


= 1.4277 ≈ 1.43(3significant figure)


7
cos( A + B ) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B
cos( x + x) = cos 2 x = cos 2 x − sin 2 x
cos 2 x = cos 2 x − (1 − cos 2 x) = 2 cos 2 x − 1
∴ 2 cos 2 x = 1 + cos 2 x
1
cos 2 x = (1 + cos 2 x )
2

cos 2 x = (1 − sin 2 x ) − sin 2 x = 1 − 2sin 2 x


1
sin 2 x = (1 − cos 2 x )
2

f ( x) = 10 cos 2 x + 2sin 2 x + 6sin x cos x


⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞
= 10 ⎜ (cos 2 x + 1) ⎟ + 2 ⎜ (1 − cos 2 x) ⎟ + 6sin x cos x
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
= 5cos 2 x + 5 + 1 − cos 2 x + 3(2sin x cos x)
= 4 cos 2 x + 6 + 3sin 2 x
= 6 + 4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x

7 f ( x) = 6 + 4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x = 6 + R sin ( 2 x + α )


⇒ 4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x = R sin ( 2 x + α ) = R (sin 2 x cos α + cos 2 x sin α )
4 = R sin α 3 = R cos α
R = 32 + 42 = 5
sin α 4 4
= ⇒ tan α =
cos α 3 3
4
∴ f ( x) = 6 + 4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x = 6 + 5sin ( 2 x + α ) , tan α =
3

(a) greatest value of f (x) = 6 + 5 = 11 when sin ( 2 x + α ) = 1

Least value of f (x) = 6 - 5 = 1 when sin ( 2 x + α ) = −1


y
(b)
11
10
(shape)
6

1
(max & min value of y)
x
0 π 2π

(all correct)
6


8 ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ −2 ⎞ ⎛0⎞
uuur ⎜ ⎟ uuur ⎜ ⎟ uuur ⎜ ⎟
(a) OA = 0 , OB = 0 , OC = 4
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 3⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ −2 ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞ ⎛ −2 ⎞
uuur uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
AC = AO + OC = ⎜ 0 ⎟ + ⎜ 4 ⎟ = ⎜ 4 ⎟
⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜ 3⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

uuur
length of AC = AC = (−2) 2 + 42 + 12 = 21

⎛ −2 ⎞ ⎛ −2 ⎞ ⎛ −4 ⎞
uuur uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(b) AB = AO + OB = 0 + 0 = 0
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ −4 ⎞ ⎛ −2 ⎞
uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
AB g AC = ⎜ 0 ⎟ g ⎜ 4 ⎟ = 8 −1 = 7
⎜ −1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

uuur uuur uuur uuur


AB gAC = AB AC cos θ

uuur uuur
AB g AC 7 7
cos θ = uuur uuur = =
AB AC 2
(−4) + (−1) 2
21 17 21

∴θ = 68.3°

8 (c) vector perpendicular to AB and AC:

i j k
uuur uuur 0 −1 −4 −1 −4 0
AB × AC = −4 0 −1 = i− j+ k
4 1 −2 1 −2 4
−2 4 1

= 4i + 6 j − 16k

⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
= ⎜ 6 ⎟ = 2⎜ 3 ⎟
⎜ −16 ⎟ ⎜ −8 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠


Therefore, 2i + 3j − 8k is perpendicular to AB and AC.

Equation of plane ABC :

r gn = a gn = d
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
r g ⎜ 3 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ g ⎜ 3 ⎟ = 4 − 16 = −12
⎜ −8 ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ −8 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Cartesian equation of the plane ABC :

⎛ x⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ y ⎟ g ⎜ 3 ⎟ = −12 ⇒ 2 x + 3 y − 8 z = −12
⎜ z ⎟ ⎜ −8 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

8 ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
uuur uuur
(d) OG = ⎜ 1 ⎟ , OH = ⎜ 1 ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜0⎟ ⎜λ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ −1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
uuur uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
GH = GO + OH = ⎜ −1⎟ + ⎜ 1 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜λ ⎟ ⎜λ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

H lies on the plane ABC :

⎛ 2⎞
uuur ⎜ ⎟
a g b = OH g ⎜ 3 ⎟ = −12
⎜ −8 ⎟
⎝ ⎠

⎛1⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜1⎟ g ⎜ 3 ⎟ = −12
⎜λ ⎟ ⎜ −8 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

2 + 3 − 8λ = −12

17
λ=
8

⎛ ⎞
⎜ 0⎟
uuur ⎜ ⎟ uuur 17
Pole GH = ⎜ 0 ⎟ , GH = = 2.125 m
⎜ 17 ⎟ 8
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 8⎠

The height of pole GH is 2.125 m.

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