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GNSS INTRODUCCIÓN AL GPS

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What is GPS Characteristics of GPS
What is GPS ?
A very precise positioning system • Free
• Developed and maintained by the • Precise
US Department of Defense (DOD) • Reliable Almost!
• All weather
• Satellite Based
• Anytime & anywhere
* 24 satellites
* 20,200 km high orbit • Unlimited user capacity

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Segments of GPS
1. Space Segment
A constellation
of 24 satellites

Los satélites GPS (24 en


operación permanente y 3 de
respaldo)
Source:Trimble Source:Trimble

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Segments of Control

Segments of Control Segments of Users


Se refiere a una serie
de estaciones En este apartado nos referimos al
terrestres. instrumento en sí. Los Sistemas de
Posicionamiento indican la posición en la que
Éstas envían se encuentran.
información de control
a los satélites para
controlar las órbitas y
realizar el
mantenimiento de toda
la constelación.

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Determining GPS Position
Segments of Users
• Suppose the distance from
El GPS es el conjunto Satellite A to our position is
de elementos +
Satellite A 11,000 miles
(Software y Hardware) • At this point we could be located
que permiten anywhere on the specified sphere
determinar la posición, + • Next, let us take another measurement
velocidad y tiempo de
Satellite B from a second satellite, Satellite B
un usuario, además de • Now our position is narrowed down to the
los parámetros intersection of theses two sphere
necesarios adicionales
que requiera.

Determining GPS Position How do we decide which one is our true


location?

• Taking another measurement • We could make a 4th measurement


+
Satellite A from a 3rd satellite narrows our from another satellite to determine
position down even further, to +
Satellite A
the true point
the two points OR
+ • These points are located where • We can eliminate one of the two
+
Satellite B
Satellite C
+
the 3rd sphere cuts through the + Satellite C points that gives a ridiculous
the intersection of first two spheres Satellite B answer
• So by ranging from 3 satellites we can • The ridiculous point may be too
narrow our position to just two points in space far from the earth
• However, GPS receivers use a 4th satellite to precisely
locate our position

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Howmeasurements
Uses GPS Works ………
from 4+ satellites
Distance = travel time x speed of light

Source:Trimble

Determining GPS Position

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Methods of dataofcollection
Three methods positioning Methods of data collection
Forma Autónoma
Proceso para obtener coordenadas en modo de
• Autonomous posicionamiento autónomo:
10-20 meters 1. Trilateración desde satélites
• Differential 2. Distancia hacia los satélites
2-5 meters
3. Precisión en el tiempo
• Phase Differential
centimeter 4. Posición de los satélites
5. Corrección de errores

Methods of data collection


Forma Diferencial
El DGPS o GPS
diferencial, es un sistema
que proporciona a los
receptores de GPS
correcciones de los datos
recibidos de los satélites
GPS, con el fin de
proporcionar una mayor
precisión y exactitud en
la posición calculada.

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GALILEO

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