ME655

RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

TECHNOLOGY

3.6-8. CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

3. Sustainable Energy Technologies Assessment

1. Solar Energy Systems:

2. Bio-mass Energy Systems
Renewable sources
3. Hydro Energy Systems
4. Wind Energy Systems:
5. Geo-thermal.
6. Hydrogen fuel.
7. Waste heat recovery Clean Energy Technology

8. Nuclear Energy.
 3.6 Hydrogen fuel
• Hydrogen is the simplest element - an atom of hydrogen consists of only
one proton and one electron. It's also the most plentiful( 75%) element in
the universe.
• Our Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of Hydrogen
• Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen doesn't occur naturally as
a gas on the Earth - it's always combined with other elements. Water is a
combination of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O).
• Hydrogen is also found in many organic compounds, notably
the hydrocarbons (CxHy) that make up fuels : petroleum, coal; biomass
CxHyOz; alcohol Cx-Hy-OHz . eg. C2H5OH (methanol).

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/hydrogen
• Hydrogen is not an energy source, but an energy carrier because it takes a
great deal of energy to extract it. It is useful as a compact energy source in
fuel cells and batteries.
• Researchers are working hard to develop technologies that can efficiently
exploit the potential of hydrogen energy
• Hydrogen can be separated from hydrocarbons through the application of
heat - a process known as reforming. Currently, most hydrogen is made
this way from natural gas.
• An electrical current can also be used to separate water into its
components of oxygen and hydrogen. This process is known
as electrolysis.
• Some algae and bacteria, using sunlight as their energy source, even give
off hydrogen under certain conditions.
 Hydrogen as Fuel

Hydrogen may be used as fuel directly

either compressed to liquid (for space
saving) or gaseuos form.

Space shuttle Engine uses Hydrogen

and oxygen as a fuel

In a flame of pure hydrogen gas,

burning in air, the hydrogen (H2) reacts
with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O)
and heat. It does not produce other
chemical by-products, except for a
small amount of nitrogen oxides

Space shuttle Engine uses

Hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel.
The flame is almost invisible
 3.6.1 Fuel Cells
• Fuel cells are a promising technology for use as a source of heat and
electricity for buildings, and as an electrical power source for electric motors
propelling vehicles. A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce
electricity, heat, and water.
• A hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as its fuel and oxygen (usually from air)
as its oxidant. Other fuels include hydrocarbons and alcohols. Other oxidants
include chlorine and chlorine dioxide
• Fuel cells are often compared to batteries. Both convert the energy
produced by a chemical reaction into usable electric power. However, the
fuel cell will produce electricity as long as fuel (hydrogen) is supplied, never
losing its charge.
• Fuel cells operate best on pure hydrogen. Fuels like natural gas, methanol,
gasoline can be reformed to produce the hydrogen required for fuel cells.
Some fuel cells even can be fueled directly with methanol, without using a
reformer.
• A fuel cell is an electrochemical
cell that converts energy from a
fuel into electrical energy.
• Electricity is generated from the
reaction between a fuel supply and
an oxidizing agent.
• The reactants flow into the cell,
and the reaction products flow out
of it, while the electrolyte remains
within it.
• Fuel cells can operate continuously
as long as the necessary reactant
and oxidant flows are maintained
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
(PEM) fuel cells also called
Proton Exchange Membrane
fuelcells.

Proton exchange membrane

fuel cell is made of a solid
electrolyte sandwiched
between anode and cathode
electrodes. It generates power
electrochemically when
hydrogen is passed over the
anode and air over the
cathode. The by-products are
heat and water. (If the
hydrogen is derived from fossil
fuels, then carbon dioxide is
also produced in the process.)
http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/VFuaYdi.gif
Fuel Cell Stacks
• Most fuel cells designed for use in vehicles produce less than 1.16 volts of
electricity—far from enough to power a vehicle.
• Therefore, multiple cells must be assembled into a fuel cell stack. The potential
power generated by a fuel cell stack depends on the number and size of the
individual fuel cells that comprise the stack and the surface area of the PEM
 Fuel cell applications

FCVs
FCVs
FCVs
FCVs

BMW's Liquid Hydrogen Fueled V12

Hydrogen can be used in transportation - it burns relatively cleanly, with some NOx
emissions, but without carbon emissions
 600 fuel cell buses on European roads thanks to EU funds
600 fuel cell buses to be deployed in Europe, 200 of them in Denmark. It’s the goal
of H2BusEurope project, selected by the Connecting Europe Facility program (CEF) for a
proposed award on close to EUR 40 million.
https://www.sustainable-bus.com/news/
Toyota to sell 100 hydrogen fuel cell buses for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
05/04/2018
Toyota is set to sell a fleet of fuel cell buses in Tokyo. This is part of the company’s strategy for user
comfort during the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The unit is called Sora (from Sky, Ocean, River,
and Air).
The buses have TFCS (Toyota Fuel Cell System) battery technology and are equipped with high-capacity
external power output. This device is meant to provide 9kW of maximum output and electricity supply
of 235 kWh2.
These hydrogen fuel cell buses are over 10 meters long and carry 79 passengers (with 22 seated and 59
standing). Also, it will have two 114 kW batteries for a total capacity of 226 kW.
The units will have a 600-liter hydrogen fuel storage tank (with fuel stored at 70 MPa). They also have a
nickel-hydride battery to temporarily store the energy generated by the fuel cell system
Germany rolls out world's first hydrogen train
BREMERVORDE, GERMANY (AFP) - Germany on Monday (Sept 17 2018) rolled out
the world's first hydrogen-powered train, signalling the start of a push to challenge
the might of polluting diesel trains with costlier but more eco-friendly technology.
Two bright blue Coradia iLint trains, built by French TGV-maker Alstom, began
running a 100-kilometre route between the towns and cities of Cuxhaven,
Bremerhaven, Bremervoerde and Buxtehude in northern Germany - a stretch
normally plied by diesel trains.
FCV
Maritime Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generator
Micro FC systems
 Hydrogen as an energy “source”...
• Free hydrogen does not occur naturally in quantity, and thus it must be
generated from some other energy source.
• The current leading technology for producing hydrogen in large quantities
is steam reforming of methane gas (CH4).
• At high temperatures (1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C), steam (water vapour)
reacts with methane to yield CO and H2.
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2

• Hydrogen is also produced on an industrial scale by the electrolysis of

water.
• Hydrogen is also produced as a byproduct of other processes and
managed with hydrogen pinch. Many other methods are known
including thermolysis. The discovery and development of less expensive
methods of production of bulk hydrogen is relevant to the establishment
of a hydrogen economy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_Production and other sources

• In the future, hydrogen could also join electricity as an important energy
carrier. An energy carrier moves and delivers energy in a usable form to
consumers.

• Renewable energy sources, like the sun and wind, can't produce energy all
the time. But they could, for example, produce electric energy and
hydrogen, which can be stored until it's needed. Hydrogen can also be
transported (like electricity) to locations where it is needed.

• Hydrogen is therefore an energy carrier (like electricity), not a primary

energy source (like coal). The utility of a hydrogen economy depends on
issues of energy sourcing, including fossil fuel use, climate change,
and sustainable energy generation.
Possible Hydrogen Economy
 Is Hydrogen a Renewable Energy source?

• Hydrogen fuel, when produced by renewable sources of energy like wind

or solar power, is a renewable fuel.
• Fermentative hydrogen production is the fermentative conversion of
organic substrate to biohydrogen similar to anaerobic conversion.
• Biohydrogen is defined as hydrogen produced biologically, most
commonly by bacteria. Biohydrogen is a potential biofuel obtainable from
waste organic materials.
• Biohydrogen can be produced in bioreactors that utilize feedstocks, the
most common feedstock being waste streams. The process involves
bacteria feeding on hydrocarbons and exhaling hydrogen and CO2.

• Currently there are several practical ways of producing hydrogen in a

renewable industrial process. One is to use landfill gas to produce
hydrogen in a steam reformer, and the other is to use renewable power to
produce hydrogen from electrolysis. Hydrogen fuel, when produced by
renewable sources of energy like wind or solar power, is a renewable fuel
Non renewable source of Hydrogen
Renewable source of Hydrogen
Renewable source of Hydrogen
Renewable source of Hydrogen
 Hydrogen Energy Future: Challenges

• Because hydrogen is such a light

gas, it is difficult to store a large
amount in a small space
• Hydrogen storage describes the
methods for storing H2 for
subsequent use. The methods span
many approaches, including high
pressures, cryogenics, and
chemical compounds that
reversibly release H2 upon heating.
Hydrogen storage is a topical goal
in the development of a hydrogen
economy.
Hydrogen Energy Future: Challenges
Safety
• Hydrogen is the perfect companion to electrons in the clean energy
systems of the future. But hydrogen is not perfect
• Because of its high energy content, hydrogen must be handled properly,
just as gasoline and natural gas today require careful handling. Hydrogen is
no more dangerous than other fuels, just different.
• Hydrogen-based fuels like “town gas” were used in many communities in
the U.S. and are still used around the world.
• Hydrogen is made, shipped and used safely today in many industries
worldwide. Hydrogen producers and users have generated an impeccable
safety record over the last half-century.
• Liquid hydrogen trucks have carried on the roadways million tonnes of
liquid hydrogen per year without major incident.
• Hydrogen has been handled and sent through hundreds of miles of
pipelines with relative safety for the oil, chemical, and iron industries.
Toshiba to Introduce Hydrogen Energy Supply System in Indonesia
Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corp (Toshiba ESS, Kawasaki City) announced Aug 31,
2018, that it has formed an agreement with Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi
(BPPT, an Indonesian government organization) to promote the use of the "H2One" stand-
alone hydrogen energy supply system in Indonesia and concluded a memorandum of
understanding (MOU) with BPPT.
Toshiba ESS aims to introduce the system by 2022.
With its power supply business plan called "RUPTL," the Indonesian government aims to
increase the ratio of the capacity of renewable energy-based power generation facilities
from 12.52% in 2017 to 23% in 2020. Also, in Indonesia, there are many people living in
isolated islands. In each island, there are demands for stable, economical power sources,
increasing the needs for decentralized power supply systems.
Keretapi Hidrogen Pertama di Asia Siap Didatangkan ke Indonesia

Kereta bertenaga hidrogen pertama di dunia buatan Jerman akan didatangkan PT KAI ke
Indonesia. Jika berhasil, Indonesia akan menjadi negara pertama di Asia yang menggunakan
moda transportasi ramah lingkungan ini.
Perjalanan sejauh 40 kilomter di negara bagian Niedersachsen, Jerman menjadi perjalanan
pertama yang ditempuh Direktur Utama PT KAI, Edi Sukmoro dengan menggunakan keretapi
hydrogen berkecepatan 80 km/jam, Senin lalu (18/03). Ditemani Duta Besar RI untuk
Jerman, Arif Havas Oegroseno serta Stefan Schrank selaku Manager Proyek Coradia iLint,
produsen kereta hidrogen asal Jerman
 3.7 Wastes Heat Recovery Systems
• Waste heat refers to heat produced by machines, electrical equipment and
industrial processes for which no useful application is found, and is regarded
as a waste by-product. However, It is often difficult to find useful applications
for large quantities of low temperature heat energy.
• The largest proportions of total waste heat are from power stations and
vehicle engines.
• Coal-fired power station that transform chemical energy into 35%-50%
electricity and remaining 50%-65% to waste heat. Waste heat can go through
a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers.
• Waste of the by-product heat is reduced if a cogeneration system is used, also
known as a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system - the use of a power
station to provide both electric power and process heat or district heating.
• By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a
conventional power plant, potentially reaching an efficiency of up to 90%,
compared with 55% for the best conventional plants.
• A heat recovery steam generator or HRSG is an energy recovery heat
exchanger that recovers heat from a hot gas stream. It produces steam
that can be used in a process or used to drive a steam turbine.

• A common application for an HRSG is in a combined-cycle power station,

where hot exhaust from a gas turbine is fed to an HRSG to generate steam
which in turn drives a steam turbine
Waste heat in automotive vehicles
Thermo-electric (TE) Materials Are One Key To Energy Savings.

Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between
the junction of two different types of materials
Thermo Electric (TE) generator
 DC Voltage
TEC / Peltier Effect COMFORT/
Energy Sources COOL SEAT

Engine/Exhaust
Waste Heat Harvest
 3.8 Nuclear Energy

• Nuclear energy is produced by controlled nuclear reactions, which are

non-explosive in nature. Commercial and utility plants currently use
nuclear fission reactions.
• Electricity from Nuclear energy is made in a similar way as boiler is used to
generate energy in the fossil fuel stations except that a chain reaction
occurs inside a nuclear reactor and is the source of heat instead. Nuclear
Fission rector produces a tremendous amount of heat which in turn is
used to heat water to make steam. This reactor uses uranium rods as fuel
and nuclear fission generates the required amount of heat.
• Uranium is a naturally occurring element found in soil, rocks, animals and
in humans.
• Uranium is a weak radioactive element, to use uranium as a fuel for
nuclear reactors; its natural concentration is increased from 1% to 5%. The
increase in concentration of uranium is called uranium enrichment.
Control rods are fabricated from a material that readily absorbs or “captures”
neutrons. Materials appropriate for this application include boron carbide and
the heavy metal cadmium
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei of hydrogen
isotopes are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and
subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the
reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of
energy.
Nuclear fusion reactions (two hydrogen atom) is safer and generate less
radioactive waste than fission. These reactions appear potentially viable, though
technically very difficult and have yet to be created on a scale that could be used
in a functional power plant.
Nuclear power electricity
generation
• In 2008, there were more than 440 operating nuclear power plants in 31
countries provided about 15 % of the world's electricity (around 6.3 %
world’s energy). US, France, and Japan together accounting for 56.5% of
nuclear generated electricity
• In France , about 77 % of the country's electricity comes from nuclear
power, Lithuania 65 %. , USA 20 %. In the European Union as a whole,
nuclear energy provides 30% of the electricity.
• More than 150 naval vessels (aircraft-carriers and submarines) using
nuclear propulsion have been built.

Source : IAEA
Advantages Of Nuclear Power.

• Nuclear reactior produces a tremendous amount of energy from small amount

of fuel. Uranium is highly concentrated source of energy which is easily and
cheaply transportable. The quantities needed are very much less than for coal
or oil. One kilogram of natural uranium will yield about 20,000 times as much
energy as the same amount of coal
• Nuclear power plants do not emit greenhouse gases, like CO2 or methane,
which contribute to global warming. Nor do they produce sulfur and nitrogen
oxides, both of which can contribute to acid rain.
• Nuclear power has a key role to play in reducing greenhouse gases. Every 22
tonnes of uranium (26 t U3O8) used saves one million tonnes of carbon dioxide
relative to coal.
• When replacing coal-fired power, a 1-GW nuclear power plant can avoid
emission of some 6-7 million tonnes of CO2 per year
• Nuclear reactors produces very minimal amount of waste
• Nuclear power is very reliable.
• The fuel's contribution to the overall cost of the electricity produced is
relatively small, so even a large fuel price escalation will have relatively little
effect
Clean Air and Greenhouse Gases
• On a global scale nuclear power currently reduces carbon dioxide emissions
by some 2.5 billion tonnes per year (relative to the main alternative of coal-
fired generation, about 2 billion tonnes relative to the present fuel mix).
Carbon dioxide accounts for half of the human-contributed portion of the
global warming effect of the atmosphere.
• The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has
comprehensively reviewed global warming and has reached a consensus
that the phenomenon is real and does pose a significant environmental
threat during the next century if fossil fuel use continues even at present
global levels.
• The 2007 IPCC report on mitigation of climate change says that the most
cost-effective option for restricting the temperature rise to under 3°C will
require an increase in non-carbon electricity generation from 34% (nuclear
plus hydro) now to 48-53% by 2030, along with other measures.

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/World-Energy-Needs-and-Nuclear-Power/
Disadvantages Of Nuclear Power
• Although the waste produced is very minimal but it is very dangerous, it
must be sealed up and buried underground for thousands of years for
radioactivity to die away.
• Wastes must be kept save from flooding, earthquake etc. and this requires
a lot of security measures to be taken.
• A lot of safety precautions are required to be taken when operating and
also with the waste storage, with almost zero % margin of errors at all
levels of operation and management are required.
Nuclear Wastes Management
Chernobyl disaster 1986
Chernobyl 2014
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, March 2011
Japan nuclear plant gets approval to restart, over 3 years after Fukushima
28 October 2014
TOKYO (Reuters) - A town in southwest Japan became the first to approve the restart
of a nuclear power station on Tuesday, a step forward in Japan's fraught process of
reviving an industry left idled by the Fukushima catastrophe in 2011.
Satsumasendai, a town of 100,000 that hosts the two-reactor Kyushu Electric Power
Co <9508.T> plant, is 1,000 km (600 miles) southwest of Tokyo and has long relied on
the Sendai plant for government subsidies and jobs.
Nineteen of the city's 26 assembly members voted in favour of restarting the plant
while four members voted against and three abstained, a city assembly member told
Reuters.
The restart of Japan's first reactors to receive clearance to restart under new rules
imposed since Fukushima is unlikely until next year as Kyushu Electric still needs to
pass operational safety checks.
All 48 of the country's nuclear reactors were gradually taken offline following
Fukushima, the world's worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986.
An earthquake and tsunami struck the Fukushima Daiichi plant, 220 km (130 miles)
northeast of Tokyo, sparking triple nuclear meltdowns, forcing more than 160,000
residents to flee from nearby towns and contaminating water, food and air.
Japan has been forced to import expensive fossil fuels to replace atomic power, which
previously supplied around 30 percent of the country's electricity.
 Economics of Nuclear Power
• Fuel costs for nuclear plants are a minor proportion of total generating
costs, though capital costs are greater than those for coal-fired plants and
much greater than those for gas-fired plants.
• Nuclear power is cost competitive with other forms of electricity
generation, except where there is direct access to low-cost fossil fuels.
The total fuel costs of a nuclear power plant in the OECD are typically
about a third of those for a coal-fired plant and between a quarter and a
fifth of those for a gas combined-cycle plant (different proportion in
different region)
• Uranium has to be processed, enriched and fabricated into fuel elements,
and about half of the cost is due to enrichment and fabrication.
• In the assessment of the economics of nuclear power allowances must
also be made for the management of radioactive used fuel and the
ultimate disposal of this used fuel or the wastes separated from it.

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf02.html
 OECD electricity generating cost projections for year 2010
on - 5% discount rate, US cents /kWh

country nuclear coal coal with CCS Gas CCGT Onshore wind
Belgium 6.1 8.2 - 9.0 9.6
Czech R 7.0 8.5-9.4 8.8-9.3 9.2 14.6
France 5.6 - - - 9.0
Germany 5.0 7.0-7.9 6.8-8.5 8.5 10.6
Hungary 8.2 - - - -
Japan 5.0 8.8 - 10.5 -
Korea 2.9-3.3 6.6-6.8 - 9.1 -
Netherlands 6.3 8.2 - 7.8 8.6
Slovakia 6.3 12.0 - - -
Switzerland 5.5-7.8 - - 9.4 16.3
USA 4.9 7.2-7.5 6.8 7.7 4.8
China* 3.0-3.6 5.5 - 4.9 5.1-8.9
Russia* 4.3 7.5 8.7 7.1 6.3
Fuel Heat value
Hydrogen 121 MJ/kg
Methane 50 MJ/kg
Petrol/gasoline 44-46 MJ/kg
32 MJ/L
Diesel fuel 45 MJ/kg
39 MJ/L
Crude oil 42-44 MJ/kg
37-39 MJ/L
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 49 MJ/kg

Natural gas (UK, USA, Canada, Australia) 37-39 MJ/m3

Natural gas (Russia) 34 MJ/m3
Natural gas as LNG (Australia) 55 MJ/kg

Hard black coal (IEA definition) >23.9 MJ/kg

Sub-bituminous coal (IEA definition) 17.4-23.9 MJ/kg

Lignite/brown coal (IEA definition) <17.4 MJ/kg

Lignite (Australia, electricity) c 10 MJ/kg
Firewood (dry) 16 MJ/kg
Natural uranium, in LWR (normal reactor) 500 GJ/kg

Natural uranium, in LWR with U & Pu recycle 650 GJ/kg

Natural uranium, in FNR 28,000 GJ/kg
This diagram shows that much of the electricity demand is in fact for
continuous 24/7 supply (base-load), while some is for a lesser amount of
predictable supply for about three quarters of the day, and less still for variable
peak demand up to half of the time.
• In electricity demand, the need for low-cost continuous, reliable supply can be
distinguished from peak demand occurring over a few hours daily and able to
command higher prices. Supply needs to match demand instantly and reliably
over time.

• Renewables will have most appeal where demand is for small-scale, intermittent
supply of electricity. Growing use will however be made of the renewable energy
sources in the years ahead, although their role is limited by their intermittent
nature. Their economic attractiveness is still an issue also

• Apart from hydro power in the few places where it is very plentiful, none of
these RE technologies, is currently suitable, intrinsically or economically, for
large-scale power generation where continuous, reliable supply is needed.

• Without nuclear power the world would have to rely almost entirely on fossil
fuels, especially coal, to meet demand for base-load electricity production. Most
of the demand is for continuous, reliable supply on a large scale and there is
little scope for changing this.
World Energy Needs and Nuclear Power
(Updated August 2014)
• The world will need greatly increased energy supply in the next 20 years,
especially cleanly-generated electricity.
• Electricity demand is increasing twice as fast as overall energy use and is
likely to rise by more than two-thirds 2011 to 2035. In 2012, 42% of
primary energy used was converted into electricity.
• Nuclear power provides about 11% of the world's electricity, and 21% of
electricity in OECD countries.
• Nuclear power is the most environmentally benign way of producing
electricity on a large scale.
• Renewable energy sources other than hydro have high generating costs
but can be helpful at the margin in providing clean power.

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Current-and-Future-Generation/World-Energy-Needs-and-Nuclear-Power/
• Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) has a role to introduce and
promote the application of nuclear science and technology for national
development.
• Established in 19 September 1972, Malaysian Nuclear Agency was then
known as Centre for Application of Nuclear Malaysia (CRANE) before it
was formally named as Tun Ismail Atomic Research Centre (PUSPATI). In
June 1983, PUSPATI was placed under the patronage of Prime Minister
Department and was called Nuclear Energy Unit (UTN).
• It was then placed under Ministry of Science, Technology and
Environment in October 1990.
• In August 1994, its name was changed to Malaysian Institute for Nuclear
Technology Research (MINT).
• On 28 September 2006, MINT was given a new identity, which is Malaysian
Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia).
 Agensi Nuklear Malaysia – Nuclear Technology for Malaysian Sustainable Development

Reactor Technology and Application

Nuclear Malaysia has been operating a 1 MW research reactor for more than
30 years in a safe and peaceful manner. The research reactor has been used
for radioisotope production for medical and industrial uses. The reactor other
main uses are for the analysis of environmental samples and industrial
materials as well as for education and training in reactor design and
engineering.
 Malaysia and Nuclear Power…?

Thursday September 23, 2010

TNB boss: Public must approve nuclear power plant

KUALA LUMPUR: It would be difficult for the Government to build a

nuclear plant in Malaysia – unless there is public acceptance for such a
project. Tenaga Nasional Bhd (TNB) chief executive officer Datuk Seri Che
Khalib Mohamad Noh said developed countries had started using nuclear
energy and there was no reason why Malaysians could not be open about
it.
Monday December 20, 2010

Malaysia plans to build nuke power plants

KUALA LUMPUR: Malaysia plans to build two nuclear power plants that will
generate 1,000 megawatts each with the first plant ready for operation in 2021.
The second plant is expected to be ready a year later.These are part of an overall
long-term plan to balance energy supply. Energy, Green Technology and Water
Minister Datuk Seri Peter Chin said the Government would engage an international
consultant to evaluate the location and requirement for such plants to be built.
“Hopefully, by 2013 or 2014, we will able to finish evaluating this. As for calling of
tenders, we hope it will be done by 2016,” he said
Tuesday December 28, 2010
The case against nuclear energy

BEFORE the Malaysian government takes the country down the path towards
nuclear energy, every citizen must decide if nuclear power is the right choice for
the nation. For some, the threat of climate change and peak oil has produced a
false choice between either going nuclear or suffering unabated global warming.
But Malaysia, and indeed, the rest of the world, has an increasing number of clean
and renewable energy options to choose from, such as solar, wind, tidal and wave.
The Plan…..up to Jan 2011
 Malaysia and Nuclear Power…?

1. Nuclear energy to take place in Malaysia soon

(Malay mail : Thursday, January 13th, 2011)
PUTRAJAYA: The government is confident that Malaysians will eventually
buy into nuclear energy, said Energy, Green Technology and Water
Minister Datuk Seri Peter Chin Fah Kui today. Chin said through proper
process of disseminating information and by practising transparency, the
rakyat will understand why the country may have to rely on nuclear
technology in the future for its energy needs……..

2. A poll conducted by The Star in 2010 titled: “Would you consider the
building of a nuclear power plant as the best option to cater for
Malaysia's energy needs in the future” which drew 18,472 responses,
56% said “Yes” 32% said “No” and 12% said they “Need more information
on the proposal.”….
 Fukushima Disaster, March 11, 2011

Monday March 14, 2011

Malaysia has no need for nuke plants, says EPSM

PETALING JAYA: The Environmental Protection Society Malaysia (EPSM)

stressed that Malaysia does not need nuclear power plants, citing the
explosion and radioactive leakage at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
plant in Japan as a warning. Its president Nithi Nesadurai said the incident
was one reason why Malaysia should not have nuclear power plants.
Tuesday March 15, 2011
Nuclear energy tough call for M'sian Govt

It’s urged to look at other alternative sources

PETALING JAYA: The Government will have to make a tough call now on
whether to proceed with its plans to build nuclear plants locally, or look at
other renewable energy sources, considering the explosion and
radioactive leakage at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.
Wednesday March 16, 2011
Dr Mahathir: Better not to have nuclear plant

CYBERJAYA: Former prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad Wednesday

reiterated his view on not having a nuclear power plant in this country.
"You know my view about it. We do not know enough about the reaction of this
material," he told reporters here when asked on his views on building the plant
Thursday March 17, 2011
Cabinet has not decided on nuclear power plants

KUALA LUMPUR: The proposal to construct nuclear power plants for electricity has
not been decided yet by the Cabinet, said Energy, Green Technology and Water
Minister Datuk Seri Peter Chin Fah Kui.
Friday March 18, 2011
Only nuclear power can replace fossil fuels

I DO not agree with “Deep thinking over nuclear plant needed” (The Star,
March 16) and other criticisms of nuclear power as a result of the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident caused by the massive
earthquake and ensuing tsunami in Japan. The criticisms against nuclear
power are emotional rather than based on valid practical concerns.
Wednesday March 23, 2011
Nuclear power may be necessary for M'sia

Based on reality, we may have no choice, says EC chief

KUALA LUMPUR: The regulator of the country's energy sector says it will be ideal if
Malaysia does not have to resort to nuclear power to meet the growing energy
demand but, given the options currently available, it may be a necessity.
“The right thing is not to do it (nuclear power) at all, but we have no choice. We
still need to find ways to meet demand. I don't think society is willing to accept any
brownouts or electricity disruptions,” Energy Commission (EC) chairman Tan Sri Dr
Ahmad Tajuddin Ali said in an interview with StarBiz.
The STAR: Friday April 1, 2011
No rush to go nuclear in view of Japan's crisis, says Najib

KUALA LUMPUR: Fully aware of the repercussions of Japan's nuclear

fallout, the government is not in a rush to crystallise Malaysia's nuclear
power plan, as its viability is still being evaluated.
"I think many countries around the world are going through a re-
evaluation and we will leverage on that. The government will make a final
decision when the time comes," said Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun
Razak in an interview with Bloomberg Friday.
US: We’ll help build nuclear plant
26 Oct 2014 KUALA LUMPUR: The United States is willing to help Malaysia should
it decide to build a nuclear power plant, says American diplomat Laura E. Kennedy.
Kennedy, charge d’affaires at the Permanent Mission of the US to the International
Organisations in Vienna, said her country had a long standing nuclear power industry
with the right expertise.
“It’s completely up to the government of Malaysia. But we’ll be happy to negotiate a
cooperation agreement like what we have with other countries that permits civilian
trade in nuclear-related materials,” Kennedy, who is on a two-day working visit to
Malaysia, told reporters here yesterday.
In July, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department Datuk Mah Siew Keong said the
Government would carry out a feasibility study to build a nuclear power plant in the
country.
It was earlier reported that the Government planned to build two nuclear power
plants to meet rising energy demand – one by 2021 and another, a year later
Nuclear power plant in Malaysia by 2030?
24 May 2017

KUALA LUMPUR, May 24 — Malaysia could have its own nuclear power plant by 2030 to
address the high power consumption in the peninsula, the Malaysia Nuclear Power
Corporation (MNPC) said.
MNPC chief executive Mohd Zamzam Jaafar reportedly said that the peninsula currently
generates power from coal (52 per cent), gas (45 per cent) and hydro (three per cent).
“We will only use nuclear power in Peninsular Malaysia because the demand is much
higher at around 18,000 megawatt. Sarawak only uses 2,000 megawatt,” he was quoted
as saying in The Borneo Post.
He said nuclear power was necessary in the country, explaining that it was clean and
safe and countries like China and Japan have also adopted a similar approach.
Malaysia will only have nuclear plants after 2030
2017
KUALA LUMPUR: Plans to develop the nation's first two nuclear power plants have
been postponed to after 2030, said Minister in the Prime Minister's Department
Datuk Nancy Shukri.
She said the time frame was extended following a feasibility study considering the
possible effects of natural disasters on the plants.
"We have extended the time line to consider building the nuclear plants from 2021
to 2030,” said Nancy.
"This is taking into consideration local and international sentiments, particularly the
effects of the tsunami that affected the Fukishima nuclear plant in Japan in March
2011"Based on the feasibility study's timeline, it would take more than 11 years to
complete the nuclear plants from the date the Government decides to go ahead with
plans to build them," she added. She said the Government welcomes feedback on
the matter from all quarters, as any decision to resort to nuclear power would affect
the nation as a whole.
The proposed programme to develop two nuclear plants was reported to cost about
RM23.1bil.
Can Malaysia embark on nuclear power? Not quite yet, say
experts
August 8, 2017

KUALA LUMPUR: Before Malaysia can consider embarking on developing nuclear energy,
it has to consider many factors, including improving existing laws, as well as engaging
the public.
Malaysia Nuclear Power Cooperation (MNPC) chief executive officer Dr Mohd Zamzam
Jaafar said these factors include changing public perception, improving existing laws,
and signing additional treaties pertaining nuclear energy.
"Although nuclear energy may be considered necessity in the long run, the public are
concerns over the matter.
"Therefore, we must first engage the public and get their feedback before any decision
could be made on the use of nuclear energy.
Malaysia’s nuclear power plants dream far from definite

February 8th, 2018

Malaysia is unlikely to put into motion any concrete plans to build the country’s first two
nuclear power plants before 2030.
Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department Datuk Seri Nancy Shukri said the government is
not expected to commit to the 2030 target due to the complexity of the issue and the need
for a detailed study before such implementations.
“We also do not want to panic the public. At the same time, the government wants to learn
more (about the technology) before embarking on it,” she told The Malaysian Reserve in a
recent interview.
Malaysia had initially planned to commission the country’s first and second nuclear plants in
2021 and 2022 respectively, as outlined under the Economic Transformation Programme.
But, the Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011 had forced the local authority to
rethink its plans and pushed it to 2030.
Electricity generated from nuclear power plants is said to be cheaper compared to other
sources of power generation. Developed nations depend on nuclear power plants to supply
cheap and sustainable electricity to power their industries.
No nuclear power plants for Malaysia’s electricity, says Dr M
September 18, 2018
KUALA LUMPUR: Prime Minister Dr Mahathir Mohamad says Malaysia will not use nuclear power plants
to generate electricity even though it may cost less.
He said not enough was known about nuclear energy, whether it was used during “peace or war”.
Although progress had been made on the matter, scientists were still unable to find ways to dispose of
nuclear waste, he said in his keynote address at the Conference of the Electric Supply Industry (Cepsi)
2018 today.
He said it had been the government’s policy not to use nuclear plants to produce electricity.
“That was the policy during my time as the 4th prime minister but it was not (like that for) the 5th and
6th prime ministers. “But now I am back,” he said.
He further told hundreds of participants who attended the conference that Malaysia needs to find less
polluting means of producing electricity.
“But we don’t believe in generating power through nuclear power. A lot of people wanted to have
nuclear power when I stepped down (in 2013).
“I am against nuclear power. It generates radiation in this country,” he said. He added that waste from
radiation material is not easy to dispose of.
“We cannot find a place. We need to bury it deep in the ground. If we dispose of it in the sea, fish
would suffer. We cannot do that.”
He reminded participants there were hundreds of nuclear power plants around the world, and there
would come a point when experts would not know how to get rid of the plants. “That is why we have
decided not to use nuclear power in Malaysia.”
 Assignment # 2
• A poll conducted by The Star in 2010 titled: “Would you
consider the building of a nuclear power plant as the best
option to cater for Malaysia's energy needs in the future”
which drew 18,472 responses, 56% said “Yes” 32% said “No”
and 12% said they “Need more information on the
proposal.”….

• What is your stand? Explain briefly your preference (with facts

and figures). Do you think that the results of the poll would be
different if they were conducted after 11th March 2011?