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DESIGN IV : SHIP MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF ENGINE


ROOM VENTILATION SYSTEM

Doc No. 14 - 42 10 071 - VA

Written by Approved by
Rev. Date Information Name Lecturer
Signature Signature
Andri Yudhi Prawira Ir. Hari Prastowo, M.Sc
DESIGN-IV: SHIP MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

ATTACHMENT NO. 01
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF ENGINE ROOM
VENTILATION SYSTEM
CALCULATION
DESIGN-IV: SHIP MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

ATTACHMENT NO. 02
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF ENGINE ROOM
VENTILATION SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT'S SPECIFICATION
Project : Design IV
CALCULATION OF ENGINE ROOM Doc. No : 14 - 42 10 071 - VA
AIR VENTILATION SYSTEM Rev. No : 01
Type : Attachment No. 01
1 CALCULATION DETAILS
Input data:
Power of main engine = 5800 kW
Power of genset = 185 kW
a. Calculation of airflow for combustion (qc).
1 Calculation of airflow for combustion for main propulsion diesel engine.
q dp = is the airflow for combustion for main propulsion diesel engine(s), in m3/s.
According to ISO 8861:

where:
P dp = is the service standard power of the main propulsion diesel engine(s) at max.
continuous power output, in kilowatts;
m ad = is the air requirement for combustion for diesel engine(s), in kg per kilowatt
second; 0.002 kg/kWs for 4 strokes engine.
ρ = density of air; 1.13 kg/m3 at 35 C.
So:
q dp = P dp x m ad / ρ
q dp = 10.27 m3/s

2 Calculation of airflow for combustion for diesel generator engine.


q dg = is the airflow for combustion for diesel generator engine(s), in m3/s.
According to ISO 8861:

where:
P dg = is the service standard power of the diesel generator engine(s) at max power
output, in kilowatts
m ad = is the air requirement for combustion for diesel engine(s), in kg per kilowatt
second; 0.002 kg/kWs for 4 strokes engine.
ρ = density of air; 1.13 kg/m3 at 35 C.
So:
q dg = P dg x m ad / ρ
q dg = 0.33 m3/s Because any 3 set gensets, so:
q dg = 0.99 m3/s

3 Calculation of airflow for combustion for boiler and thermal fluid heater.

q b = is the airflow for combustion for boiler(s), in m3/s.


q b = 0 m3/s, because not used boiler.
So the total air flow for combustion:
q c = q dp + q dg + q b
q c = 11.26 m3/s

b. Calculation of heat emission (qh).


1 Calculation of heat emission from main propulsion diesel engine.
Ø dp = is the heat emission from main propulsion diesel engine(s), in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

where:
P dp = is the service standard power of the main propulsion diesel engine(s) at max
continuous rating, in kW;
Δ hd = is the heat loss from the diesel engine(s), in percentage.
NOTE — Where specific data are not available, Ødp according to 7.1 may be used for calculation.

So the heat emission from main propulsion diesel engine is:


Ø dp = 160 kW

2 Calculation of heat emission from diesel generator engine.


Ø dg = is the heat emission from diesel generator engine(s), in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:
where:
P dg = is the service standard power of the diesel generator engine(s) at maximum
continuous rating, in kW, 185 x 3 sets = 555 kW.
Δ hd = is the heat loss from the diesel engine(s), in percentage.
NOTE — Where specific data are not available, Ødp according to 7.1 may be used for calculation.

So the heat emission from diesel generator engine is:


Ø dg = 36 kW

3 Calculation of heat emission from boiler and thermal fluid heater.


Ø b = is the heat emission from boilers and thermal fluid heaters, in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

m s = is the total steam capacity, in kilograms per second.


m fs = is the fuel consumption, in kilograms of fuel per kilogram of steam.
h = is the lower calorific value of the fuel, in kilojoules per kilogram.
Δ hb = is the heat loss, in percentage, at the max continuous rating of the boiler or
thermal fluid heater.
B1 = is a constant that applies to the location of the boiler(s) and other heat
exchangers in the engine room.
Because not used boiler, so:
Ø b =0 kW

4 Calculation of heat emission from boiler steam and condensate pipes.


Ø p = is the heat emission from steam and condensate pipes, in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

where:
m sc = is the total steam consumption, in kilowatts (1 kW ~ 1,6 kg/h of steam).
Δ hp = is the heat loss from steam and condensate pipes, in percentage of the steam
consumption in kilowatts.
Because not used boiler, so:
Ø p =0 kW

5 Calculation of heat emission from electrical generator.


Ø g = is the heat emission from electrical air-cooled generator(s), in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

where:
P g = is the power of installed air-cooled generator(s), in kw (stand-by sets shall
be ignored), assumption 20 kW.
Ƞ = is the generator efficiency, in percentage.
NOTE — Where specific data are not available, h = 94 % may be used for calculation.
So:
Ø g = 1.2 kW

6 Calculation of heat emission from electrical installation.


Ø el = is the heat emission from electrical installations, in kilowatts.
The heat emission from electrical installations, Øel, shall be calculated, in kilowatts, in
accordance with one of the following two alternative methods in descending order of
preference:
a. where full details of the electrical installations are known, the heat emission
shall be taken as the sum of the simultaneous heat emission; or
b. for conventional ships where full details of the electrical installations are not
known, the heat emission is taken as 20 % of the rated power of the electrical
apparatus and lighting that are in use at sea.

from the two alternative methods above, as choosen :


b . The heat emission is taken as 20% of the rated power
So, the calculation of heat emission from electrical installation:
Power for lighting and electrical apparatus = 36.3 x 20%
So the heat emission from electrical installatio 7.26 kW

7 Calculation of heat emission from exhaust pipe and fired boiler.


Ø ep = is the heat emission from exhaust pipes including exhaust gas-fired boilers, kW.
Diameter of exhaust pipe = 400 mm (Engine Project guide Wartsila 6L32)
According to ISO 8861:
The heat emission from exhaust pipes and exhaust gas-fired boiler(s) may be determined from
the curves in 7.3, in kilowatts per metre of pipe.
If specific figures are not available, Δt = 250 K may be used for 2-stroke engines and Δt = 320 K
for 4-stroke engines.
Exhaust gas pipes and exhaust gas-fired boiler(s) situated in the casing and funnel shall not be
taken into account.
If a case of exhaust gas boiler(s) placed directly below exposed casing exists, the same factor
B1 = 0,1 as in 6.3 is to be used.

Because lenght of exhaust pipe is 2 m, so:


Ø ep = 0.3 kW/m x 2 m
Ø ep = 0.6 kW

8 Calculation of heat emission from hot tanks.


Ø t = is the heat emission from hot tanks, in kilowatts.
The heat emission from hot tanks, Øt, in kilowatts, shall be based on the sum of the hot tank
surfaces contiguous with the engine room, using the values given in table 1.

Taken insulation 50 mm tank with temperature 60 C, so:


A =2 m2 (assumption)
Ø t = 0.01 kW/m2 x 2 m2
Ø t = 0.02 kW because any 2 tanks (settling & service tanks), so:
Ø t = 0.04 kW

9 Calculation of heat emission from other components.


Ø o = is the heat emission from other components, in kilowatts.
The heat emission from other components, Øo, in kilowatts, e.g. compressor(s), steam,
turbine(s), reduction gear(s), separator(s), heat exchanger(s), piping and hydraulic system(s),
shall be included when calculating the sum of the airflow for evacuation of heat emission.
Øo= 1 kW/equipment (ASRAE handbook of fundamental).
Because any 20 more equipments (assumption), so:
Øo= 20 kW

So the total air flow for evacuation of heat emission:

ρ = 1,13 kg/m3 (i.e. the density of air, at + 35 °C, 70 % RH and 101,3 kPa).
c = 1,01 kJ/(kg×K) (the specific heat capacity of the air).
Δ T = 12,5 K

q h = (110 + 36 + 0 + 0 + 1.2 + 7.3 + 0.6 + 0.01 + 20) -0.4 x (5.31 + 0.99) - 0


1.13 x 1.01 x 12.5

q h = 11.28 m3/s

c. Calculation of total air flow (Q).


1 Q = qc + qh
Q = 6.3 + 9.75
Q = 22.53 m3/s
or
2 Q = 1.5 x qc
Q = 1.5 x 6.3
Q = 16.88 m3/s
So taken is the biggest air flow from calculation on above, that is 16.05 m3/s.
Because any margin to safety factor, so the capacity is:
Q = (100%+10%) x 16.05 m3/s
Q = 24.78 m3/s
Q = 53441.8464 CFM
d. Calculation of diameter main pipe and losses.
Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 1.5 m

From the calculation on above, according to ISO 8861, total air flow can be divided into
some branch to air supply equipments in engine room, that is main engine, genset, &
other equipments or to air circulating in engine room to suitable the crews.
Distribution of air capacity:
- For main engine:
Q ME = 50% x Q total
Q ME = 12.39 m3/s

- For each genset (any 3 gensets):


Q AE = 10% x Q total
Q AE = 2.48 m3/s (total for 3 gensets: 7.44 m3/s)

- For other places (any 4 places):


Q O = 5% x Q total
Q O = 1.24 m3/s (total for 4 places: 4.96 m3/s)

- Calculation of losses with Equel Friction method:


a. Calculation of losses in main pipe
Q= 24.78 m3/s
Velocity = 15 m/s
Main pipe diameter = 1.5 m
Calculation with formula:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
1.5 m
ε / d = 0.00015 / 1.2
0.000103
L = length of duct pipe
17.3 m
v = velocity of air
15 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = (1.184 x 15 x 1.2) / (18.413 x 10^-6)
Reynold Number = 1399368.7
Reynold Number = 1.3993687 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of main duct is:
DP = 1.184 x 0.017 x (17.3 / 1.2) x ((15^2) / 2)
= 27 Pa
DP / L = 32 / 17.3
= 1.56 Pa/m

b. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-B and A-C


Q A-B = 1.24 m3/s
Q A-C = 1.24 m3/s
L A-B = 7m
L A-C = 7m

So can be calculated with formula:


- To calculating diameter of pipes are:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (0.88^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.00683636
d = 0.37 m
- To calculating velocities are:

v = 11.6 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-B & A-C:
d = 0.37 m
v = 11.6 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 1.24 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-B & A-C:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.37 m
ε / d = 0.000407
L = length of duct pipe
7 m
v = velocity of air
11.6 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 275138.2
Reynold Number = 0.2751382 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 25.68 Pa
DP / L = 13.04 / 7
= 3.67 Pa/m
c. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-D and A-F
Q A-D = 2.48 m3/s
Q A-F = 2.48 m3/s
L A-D = 13 m
L A-F = 13 m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipes are:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (1.77^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.02765707
d = 0.49 m
- To calculating velocities are:

v = 13.26 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-D & A-F:
d = 0.49 m
v = 13.26 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 2.48 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-D & A-F:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.49 m
ε / d = 0.000307
L = length of duct pipe
13 m
v = velocity of air
13.26 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 416087.48
Reynold Number = 0.4160875 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 47.16 Pa
DP / L = 23.94 / 13
= 3.63 Pa/m

d. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-E


Q A-E = 2.48 m3/s
L A-E = 10 m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipe is:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (1.77^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.02765707
d = 0.49 m
- To calculating velocity is:

v = 13.26 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-E:
d = 0.49 m
v = 13.26 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 2.48 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-E:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.49 m
ε / d = 0.000307
L = length of duct pipe
10 m
v = velocity of air
13.26 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 416087.48
Reynold Number = 0.4160875 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 36.3 Pa
DP / L = 18.4 / 10
= 3.63 Pa/m

e. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-X and A-Y


Q A-X = 1.24 m3/s
Q A-Y = 1.24 m3/s
L A-X = 6m
L A-Y = 6m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipes are:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (0.88^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.00683636
d = 0.37 m
- To calculating velocities are:

v = 11.6 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-X & A-Y:
d = 0.37 m
v = 11.6 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 38.95 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-X & A-Y:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.37 m
ε / d = 0.000407
L = length of duct pipe
6 m
v = velocity of air
11.6 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 275138.2
Reynold Number = 0.2751382 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 22.01 Pa
DP / L = 11.17 / 6
= 3.67 Pa/m

f. Calculation of losses in branch pipe AZ


Q A-Z = 12.39 m3/s
L A-Z = 4m

So can be calculated with formula:


- To calculating diameter of pipe is:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (8.83^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.68830511
d = 0.93 m
- To calculating velocity is:

v = 18.3 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-Z:
d = 0.93 m
v = 18.3 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 12.39 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-Z:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.93 m
ε / d = 0.000162
L = length of duct pipe
4 m
v = velocity of air
18.3 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 1093854.8
Reynold Number = 1.0938548 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 14.6 Pa
DP / L = 7.4 / 4
= 3.64 Pa/m

So total losses of the system according to calculation on above:


No. Line L (m) d (m) v (m/s) Q (m3/s) ΔP
1 A-A 17.3 1.5 15 24.78 27
2 A-B 7 0.37 11.6 1.24 25.68
3 A-C 7 0.37 11.6 1.24 25.68
4 A-D 13 0.49 13.26 2.48 47.16
5 A-E 10 0.49 13.26 2.48 36.3
6 A-F 13 0.49 13.26 2.48 47.16
7 A-X 6 0.37 11.6 1.24 22.01
8 A-Y 6 0.37 11.6 1.24 22.01
9 A-Z 4 0.93 18.3 12.39 14.6
Total = 267.55 Pa
10 071 - VA

ment No. 01

e(s), in m3/s.

gine(s) at max.

kg per kilowatt

) at max power

kg per kilowatt
gine(s) at max

d for calculation.
) at maximum

d for calculation.

f the boiler or
ge of the steam

-by sets shall

n kilowatts, in
ng order of

e heat emission

allations are not


of the electrical
fired boilers, kW.

ermined from

and Δt = 320 K

el shall not be

e same factor
the hot tank

lic system(s),
1 ft 0.3 m
3.3 ft 1m
36 ft3 1 m3
890.69744 ft3 24.78 m3
890.69744 ft3/s
53441.8464 ft3/m

So the calculation of branch pipe to supply main engine:


Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 1.0 m

So the calculation of branch pipe to supply genset:


Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 0.5 m

So the calculation of branch pipe to supply genset:


Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 0.3 m
1 kg/cm2 = 0.98 bar
267.55 kg/m2 = 0.026755 kg/cm2
0.026755 kg/cm2 = 0.02622029 bar
Project : Design IV
CALCULATION OF ENGINE ROOM Doc. No : 14 - 42 10 071 - VA
AIR VENTILATION SYSTEM Rev. No : 01
Type : Attachment No. 01
1 CALCULATION DETAILS
Input data:
Power of main engine = 5800 kW
Power of genset = 185 kW
a. Calculation of airflow for combustion (qc).
1 Calculation of airflow for combustion for main propulsion diesel engine.
q dp = is the airflow for combustion for main propulsion diesel engine(s), in m3/s.
According to ISO 8861:

So:
q dp = P dp x m ad / ρ
q dp = 10.27 m3/s

2 Calculation of airflow for combustion for diesel generator engine.


q dg = is the airflow for combustion for diesel generator engine(s), in m3/s.
According to ISO 8861:

So:
q dg = P dg x m ad / ρ
q dg = 0.33 m3/s Because any 3 set gensets, so:
q dg = 0.99 m3/s

3 Calculation of airflow for combustion for boiler and thermal fluid heater.

q b = is the airflow for combustion for boiler(s), in m3/s.


q b = 0 m3/s, because not used boiler.
So the total air flow for combustion:
q c = q dp + q dg + q b
q c = 11.26 m3/s

b. Calculation of heat emission (qh).


1 Calculation of heat emission from main propulsion diesel engine.
Ø dp = is the heat emission from main propulsion diesel engine(s), in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:
So the heat emission from main propulsion diesel engine is:
Ø dp = 160 kW

2 Calculation of heat emission from diesel generator engine.


Ø dg = is the heat emission from diesel generator engine(s), in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:
So the heat emission from diesel generator engine is:
Ø dg = 36 kW

3 Calculation of heat emission from boiler and thermal fluid heater.


Ø b = is the heat emission from boilers and thermal fluid heaters, in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

Because not used boiler, so:


Ø b =0 kW

4 Calculation of heat emission from boiler steam and condensate pipes.


Ø p = is the heat emission from steam and condensate pipes, in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

Because not used boiler, so:


Ø p =0 kW

5 Calculation of heat emission from electrical generator.


Ø g = is the heat emission from electrical air-cooled generator(s), in kilowatts.
According to ISO 8861:

So:
Ø g = 1.2 kW

6 Calculation of heat emission from electrical installation.


Ø el = is the heat emission from electrical installations, in kilowatts.
So, the calculation of heat emission from electrical installation:
Power for lighting and electrical apparatus = 36.3 x 20%
So the heat emission from electrical installatio 7.26 kW

7 Calculation of heat emission from exhaust pipe and fired boiler.


Ø ep = is the heat emission from exhaust pipe including exhaust gas-fired boilers,kW
Diameter of exhaust pipe = 750 mm
Because lenght of exhaust pipe is 2 m, so:
Ø ep = 0.3 kW/m x 2 m
Ø ep = 0.6 kW

8 Calculation of heat emission from hot tanks.


Ø t = is the heat emission from hot tanks, in kilowatts.
The heat emission from hot tanks, Øt, in kilowatts, shall be based on the sum of the hot tank
surfaces contiguous with the engine room, using the values given in table 1.

Taken insulation 50 mm tank with temperature 60 C, so:


A =2 m2 (assumption)
Ø t = 0.01 kW/m2 x 2 m2
Ø t = 0.02 kW because any 2 tanks (settling & service tanks), so:
Ø t = 0.04 kW

9 Calculation of heat emission from other components.


Ø o = is the heat emission from other components, in kilowatts.
Øo= 1 kW/equipment (ASRAE handbook of fundamental).
Because any 20 more equipments (assumption), so:
Øo= 20 kW

So the total air flow for evacuation of heat emission:

ρ = 1,13 kg/m3 (i.e. the density of air, at + 35 °C, 70 % RH and 101,3 kPa).
c = 1,01 kJ/(kg×K) (the specific heat capacity of the air).
Δ T = 12,5 K

q h = (110 + 36 + 0 + 0 + 1.2 + 7.3 + 0.6 + 0.01 + 20) -0.4 x (5.31 + 0.99) - 0


1.13 x 1.01 x 12.5

q h = 11.28 m3/s

c. Calculation of total air flow (Q).


1 Q = qc + qh
Q = 6.3 + 9.75
Q = 22.53 m3/s
or
2 Q = 1.5 x qc
Q = 1.5 x 6.3
Q = 16.88 m3/s
So taken is the biggest air flow from calculation on above, that is 16.05 m3/s.
Because any margin to safety factor, so the capacity is:
Q = (100%+10%) x 16.05 m3/s
Q = 24.78 m3/s
Q = 53441.8464 CFM
d. Calculation of diameter main pipe and losses.
Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 1.5 m

Distribution of air capacity:


- For main engine:
Q ME = 50% x Q total
Q ME = 12.39 m3/s
- For each genset (any 3 gensets):
Q AE = 10% x Q total
Q AE = 2.48 m3/s (total for 3 gensets: 7.44 m3/s)

- For other places (any 4 places):


Q O = 5% x Q total
Q O = 1.24 m3/s (total for 4 places: 4.96 m3/s)

- Calculation of losses with Equel Friction method:


a. Calculation of losses in main pipe
Q= 24.78 m3/s
Velocity = 15 m/s
Main pipe diameter = 1.5 m
Calculation with formula:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
1.5 m
ε / d = 0.00015 / 1.2
0.000103
L = length of duct pipe
17.3 m
v = velocity of air
15 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = (1.184 x 15 x 1.2) / (18.413 x 10^-6)
Reynold Number = 1399368.7
Reynold Number = 1.3993687 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of main duct is:
DP = 1.184 x 0.017 x (17.3 / 1.2) x ((15^2) / 2)
= 27 Pa
DP / L = 32 / 17.3
= 1.56 Pa/m

b. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-B and A-C


Q A-B = 1.24 m3/s
Q A-C = 1.24 m3/s
L A-B = 7m
L A-C = 7m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipes are:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (0.88^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.00683636
d = 0.37 m
- To calculating velocities are:

v = 11.6 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-B & A-C:
d = 0.37 m
v = 11.6 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 1.24 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-B & A-C:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.37 m
ε / d = 0.000407
L = length of duct pipe
7 m
v = velocity of air
11.6 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 275138.2
Reynold Number = 0.2751382 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 25.68 Pa
DP / L = 13.04 / 7
= 3.67 Pa/m

c. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-D and A-F


Q A-D = 2.48 m3/s
Q A-F = 2.48 m3/s
L A-D = 13 m
L A-F = 13 m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipes are:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (1.77^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.02765707
d = 0.49 m
- To calculating velocities are:

v = 13.26 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-D & A-F:
d = 0.49 m
v = 13.26 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 2.48 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-D & A-F:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.49 m
ε / d = 0.000307
L = length of duct pipe
13 m
v = velocity of air
13.26 m/s

f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 416087.48
Reynold Number = 0.4160875 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 47.16 Pa
DP / L = 23.94 / 13
= 3.63 Pa/m

d. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-E


Q A-E = 2.48 m3/s
L A-E = 10 m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipe is:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (1.77^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.02765707
d = 0.49 m
- To calculating velocity is:

v = 13.26 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-E:
d = 0.49 m
v = 13.26 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 2.48 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-E:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.49 m
ε / d = 0.000307
L = length of duct pipe
10 m
v = velocity of air
13.26 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 416087.48
Reynold Number = 0.4160875 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 36.3 Pa
DP / L = 18.4 / 10
= 3.63 Pa/m

e. Calculation of losses in branch pipe A-X and A-Y


Q A-X = 1.24 m3/s
Q A-Y = 1.24 m3/s
L A-X = 6m
L A-Y = 6m

So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipes are:


d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (0.88^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))
d = 0.00683636
d = 0.37 m
- To calculating velocities are:

v = 11.6 m/s

- Correcting the capacity in A-X & A-Y:


d = 0.37 m
v = 11.6 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 38.95 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-X & A-Y:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.37 m
ε / d = 0.000407
L = length of duct pipe
6 m
v = velocity of air
11.6 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 275138.2
Reynold Number = 0.2751382 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 22.01 Pa
DP / L = 11.17 / 6
= 3.67 Pa/m

f. Calculation of losses in branch pipe AZ


Q A-Z = 12.39 m3/s
L A-Z = 4m
So can be calculated with formula:

- To calculating diameter of pipe is:

d = 5√(8 x 1.184 x 0.017 x (8.83^2)) / ((3.14^2) x (1.85))


d = 0.68830511
d = 0.93 m
- To calculating velocity is:

v = 18.3 m/s
- Correcting the capacity in A-Z:
d = 0.93 m
v = 18.3 m/s
Q =A x v
Q = 12.39 m3/s
- Calculation of losses in A-Z:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
where;
ρ = density of air
1.184 kg/m^3
μ = viscosity kinematic of air
18.413 x 10^-6 m^2/s
ε = relative roughness factor
This factor is according to material of duct, galvanised steel have rough factor
0.15x10^-3 m
d = diameter of duct pipe
0.93 m
ε / d = 0.000162
L = length of duct pipe
4 m
v = velocity of air
18.3 m/s
f = coefficient of friction
Can be calculation with Moody diagrams.
Reynold Number = (ρ x v x d) / μ
Reynold Number = 1093854.8
Reynold Number = 1.0938548 x 10^6
So, f = 0.017
So the losses of branch duct is:
DP = ρ x f x (L / d) x (v^2 / 2)
= 14.6 Pa
DP / L = 7.4 / 4
= 3.64 Pa/m

So total losses of the system according to calculation on above:


No. Line L (m) d (m) v (m/s) Q (m3/s) ΔP
1 A-A 17.3 1.5 15 24.78 27
2 A-B 7 0.37 11.6 1.24 25.68
3 A-C 7 0.37 11.6 1.24 25.68
4 A-D 13 0.49 13.26 2.48 47.16
5 A-E 10 0.49 13.26 2.48 36.3
6 A-F 13 0.49 13.26 2.48 47.16
7 A-X 6 0.37 11.6 1.24 22.01
8 A-Y 6 0.37 11.6 1.24 22.01
9 A-Z 4 0.93 18.3 12.39 14.6
Total = 267.55 Pa
10 071 - VA

ment No. 01

e(s), in m3/s.
ired boilers,kW
the hot tank
1 ft 0.3 m
3.3 ft 1m
36 ft3 1 m3
890.69744 ft3 24.78 m3
890.69744 ft3/s
53441.8464 ft3/m

Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 1.0 m
So the calculation of branch pipe to supply genset:
Q =A x v
Q = (π x D /4) x v
2

v (velocity) taken 15 m/s


D = Ö Q x 4/ p x v
D = 0.5 m
1 kg/cm2 = 0.98 bar
267.55 kg/m2 = 0.026755 kg/cm2
0.026755 kg/cm2 = 0.02622029 bar

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