Unit and Lesson Planning

Dr. Ram Babu Pareek

Associate Professor in Chemistry
Regional Institute of Education, Ajmer
pareekrbp@gmail.com
+919462085283
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A Well-planned Unit Integrates Many
Types of Learning.
Unit plan is middle ground between
course and Lesson Planning.
According to Samford “a unit is an
outline of carefully selected subject
matter which has been isolated because
of its relationship to pupils”

A unit is large segment of subject

matter having a common fabric of
knowledge.
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Need and Importance of Unit
Planning
You may ask why we need a unit plan or can't we
do without a unit plan?
It helps teachers to have a holistic view of
teaching-learning, which may help in
organizing time and resources available at his/
her disposal. It helps in designing a systematic,
sequential and graded arrangement of course
content which may give insight to develop
teaching activities in the best possible manner.
A unit plan provides an opportunity to
stimulate student interest through overarching
content that is relevant to students.
Characteristic of a Good Unit
 The aim should be clear and well defined.
 It should cater to the needs, capabilities and
interest of the students.
 A good unit should provide suitable activities for
students.
 A good unit should be flexible enough to provide
for Individual differences.
 It should provide for project work, excursions,
film viewing and the like.
 A good unit plan should be correlated to the life
of the students as well as to the other subjects.
Cont…..
 Enough time should be provided to
plan, organize and work of their own.
 Provision should be there for
evaluation and follow-up.
 The length of the unit plan should be
such as to retain the interest of the
students till the end.
 A unit should be part of sequence
that permits growth fro year to year.
Steps in Unit Plan
A unit should be always viewed as an integrated
whole.
1. Content analysis (the what of the unit)
2. Objectives with specifications (the why of
the unit)
3. Learning activities (the how of the unit)
4. Testing Procedures (evidence of
achievement)
Learning activities
Learning is not a pouring-in process, but a
gradual process that comes about as a result of
experiences. Demonstration, experiments,
project work.

Testing Procedures
Unit planning involves the choice of suitable
evaluation tools and techniques through which
the teacher can evaluate the content coverage
and the teaching method used .
Example of Unit in Chemistry:
Chemical Compounds
 Content Analysis
1. Washing soda
2. Baking soda
3. Bleaching Powder
4. Cement
 Objectives
1. The students develops an awareness of the
various chemical compounds.
2. The students recall the formulae for washing
soda, baking soda, bleaching powder and
cement.
3. The students recognizes the properties of the
above mentioned salts.
4. The students describe with a clearly labeled
diagram the Solvay process.
5. The students develops the ability to write and
balance equations.
6. The students interprets the bleaching effect of
bleaching powder.
7. The students applies the bleaching principles in
daily life.
8. The students enumerates the component of
cement.

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 Lesson Plan
According to G.H. Green, the teacher who has
planned his/her lesson wisely, related to his/her
topic and to his classroom without any anxiety is
ready to embark with confidence upon a job s/he
understands and is prepared to carry it to a
workable conclusion. She has foreseen the
difficulties that are likely to arise and prepared
her/himself to deal with them.
Need and Importance of
Lesson Planning
When you go for teaching a lesson in the classroom,
usually you get prepared for it, though informally. But
sometimes you find that you are not able to teach the
entire content which you prepared or on the other hand,
the content to be covered is not sufficient for full period.
Sometime, you may get stuck-up while teaching and so
get nervous. May be that you are not aware of the
objectives of teaching a lesson and so did not bother
about its attainment. How to overcome all such
problems') This can be done through systematic lesson
planning. You get a chance of thinking about all these
problems in advance while planning your lesson and
deciding about taking corrective steps for possible
hurdles. The process of developing a lesson plan is
such that these problems get tackled automatically.
Lesson planning helps the teacher in the
following ways:
1. It makes teaching systematic and well organized.
2. It helps teachers in identifying adequate content
and its proper sequencing for teaching a lesson.
3. It helps teachers to learn to foresee and tackle
learning difficulties of children.
4. It enables teachers to utilize the available time
properly.
5. It helps in developing insights about learning
needs and abilities of children.
6. It helps teachers to develop the habit of
undertaking immediate corrective measures.
7. It gives confidence to teachers during teaching.

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 Steps of Lesson Planning
While developing a lesson plan, first of all you
have to decide about the objectives of teaching
that particular lesson. The objectives will be
both general as well as specific. In order to
achieve the objectives. some subject matter or
content is required.
The following issues need to be
decided for developing a lesson
plan.
Objectives: The objectives of teaching a particular lesson
should be stated as per the competency to be developed
amongst children. Generally teachers state only general,
and specific objectives of the lesson.
Content: The subject matter that is intended to be covered
should be limited to the prescribed time. The matter must
be interesting and it should be related to the pupils'
previous knowledge. It should also be related to daily life
situations.
Methods: The most appropriate method be chosen by the
teacher. The method selected, should be suitable to the
subject matter to be taught. Suitable t teaching aids must
also be identified by the teacher. The teacher may also use
supplementary aids to make his/her lesson more effective.
Evaluation: A teacher must evaluate his/her
lesson to find to find the extent to which he/she
achieved the objectives of his/ her Lesson.
Evaluation can be dome even by recapitulation
of subject through suitable questions.

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Methods of Lesson Planning
1. Introduction
2. Presentation
3. Association
4. Generalization
5. Application
6. Recapitulation. And
7. Home assignment/ home work
Phase 1: Introduction
Set a purpose. Describe the overarching reason for
this lesson.
Introduce the key concepts, topic, main idea. Get
students on the right track. This step may be a
note on the board, a diagram, or a probing question
of the day's lesson focus.
Pull students into the excitement of learning. Seize
students' attention with items like an amazing fact,
a funny quirk, a challenge, or other mind tickler.
Make the learning relevant. Explain how this lesson
extends past learning and leads to future
learning—that is, the significance of the concepts,
skills, and focus of the lesson.
 Phase 2: Foundation
Check on previous knowledge. Verify what students
already know.
Clarify key points. Double-check on learning from the
past.
Focus on specific standards, objectives, goals. Link the
lesson to the standards, and let students know exactly
what they will know and be able to do as a result of this
lesson.
Check for correctness and add to background
knowledge. Add extra information for the day's learning
and beyond—just enough to launch into the main
lesson.
Introduce key vocabulary. See it; say it; read it; write it.
Phase 3: Brain Activation
Ask questions to clarify ideas and to add
knowledge. Engage students in the learning and
build background with probing questions.
Brainstorm main ideas. Fill students' heads with
ideas, concepts, possibilities; allow them to expand
and clarify their thinking.
Clarify and correct misconceptions. Engage
students in activities that will inform you as to
whether students are confused or have incorrect
ideas so corrections can be made before the
misconceptions become worse or detrimental to
learning.
Phase 4: Body of New
Information

Provide teacher input. Lecture, add key points

and new information, read the text or articles,
and solve problems. Present the body of the
lesson. This may be a whole-class lecture, a
small-group activity with teacher supervision, or
a partner activity with teacher supervision. The
learning is active (not silent reading without
specific goals or mindless completion of a
worksheet).
Phase 5: Clarification
•Check for understanding with sample problems,
situations, questions. Have students practice with
the information just taught. Guide the learning.
Phase 6: Practice and Review
• Provide time for practice and review. Allow students time
to practice under your supervision. You and the students
work together.
Phase 7: Independent Practice
• Supervise students' independent practice. Select
additional strategies for small groups of students who still
do not "get it." Other students may begin to work
independently, with the final goal being that all students
can work on their own. This practice prepares students for
successful homework, and it prepares them for future
learning.
Phase 8: Closure
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Bring the lesson to closure. Link the lesson
phases and information together.
Summarize the learning of the day, and
discuss how it fits into the big vision for
learning. Have students demonstrate what
they know and can do by writing a brief note
to hand in as they leave; the note may
include questions, problems, or ideas on the
learning. Alternatively, they may write in
their journals or explain their understanding
to a partner.
 
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