NCM 105 – ND
FNRI – DOST- Food & nutrition research
institute
NDAP- Nutritionist-Dietitians Association of the
Ph
Organic Compounds- w/ H, O2, & C; must be
broken down
Inorganic compounds- water & minerals; in
smallest form except water
BMR- Basal metabolic rate
DBW- Desirable body weight
RDA- Recommended dietary allowance
Kcal- Kilogram calories
Food- any organic/inorganic that nourish the
body by building, repairing tissue, supplying
heat & energy & regulating bodily processes
Nutrition- study of food in relation to health &
how body uses it; concerned w/ quality, quantity
& how food is received & utilized; process by w/c
food is taken & used (digestion, absorption,
transportation, metabolism); know relationship
w/ basic needs
Function of Nutri- maintain life by allowing
growth & optimum health
Nutri as a science applied to Nursing care:
1. Prevents diseases or illnesses
2. Adapting food patterns based on indi
nutria needs & w/in framework of cultural,
economic, psychological situation & style
3. Awareness on need in disease states to
modify nutri factors or therapeutic
purposes
Nutrients: chemicals in food
Role of Nutrients:
1. Provide heat & energy
2. Build & repair tissue
3. Regulate bodily processes
Scope: covers diff fields
1. Basic/fundamental nutri- study of
physiologic needs in specific nutrients
2. Nutri in growth & development or child &
maternal nutri- study of nutri principles &
app throughout life cycle; concentrated
on vulnerable groups—infancy,
childhood, pregnancy & lactation
3. Dietetic/Therapeutic nutri- adequacy to
meet needs under normal & pathological
conditions
4. Clinical/Medical Nutri- study of effects on
body when there is low or excess intake;
special fields—human, animal & plant
nutria
5. Other areas of specialization- interrelated
w/ health allied field
Characteristics of nutrients:
Accdg to fx:
1. Body building- structural components of
body, forms tissues (ex. H2O, protein,
fat, carbs, minerals)
2. Furnish energy- yield energy, carbs, fats
& protein
3. Regulate body processes- all 6 major
group of nutrients
a) Carbs, fats, protein- major organic
nutrients broken down to supply
energy
b) Vit, minerals, H2O- no need to be
broken down; regulate circulation,
respiration, digestion & elimination
Accdg to chemical nature:
1. Organic substance- carbon containing
compounds except carbonate & cyanide
(protein, lipids, carbs, vit)
2. Inorganic substances- non-carbon
(minerals & water)
Accdg to essentiality: physiological role in body;
concentration of nutrient is not related to its
importance (ex. 5mg is as impt as 50mg of Vit.
C of 59mg of protein)
 1. Dietary essentials- essential or 7. Regulator of intestinal peristalsis &
indispensable & should be supplied in provider of bulk
diet; body does not synthesize it
p.17 Classification of Carbohydrates
2. Semi-essentials- reduces need for
nutrient or partially spares it (ex. Cysteine Simple carbs- in fruits, milk & vegetables
can reduce the need for methionine but
can’t completely replace it biochemically) Simple sugars- cake, candy provide energy but
lack vitamins, minerals, & fiber
3. Non-dietary essentials/dispensable- can
be synthesized as long as the materials
in the body are adequate
Accdg to concentration:
1. Macronutrients- in large amts in body
 H2O- 2/3 of body
 Fat- 1/5 or 20%
 Protein- 1/5 or 20%
2. Micronutrients- vits & trace minerals
Qualities of good food
 Nourishes or nutritious
 Has satiety value
 Prepared under sanitary conditions,
aesthetically & scientifically
 Free from toxic agents
 Palatability satisfies consumer
 Offers variety & planned w/in
socioeconomic context
Nutrients & functions:
Carbs- big group of org compounds prominent
in plant kingdom w/ C, H, O2
Functions:
1. Chief source of energy- glucose &
intermediate products, major fuel used by
muscles
2. Cheap & main energy source- low cost &
widely distributed around the world
3. Protein sparer- save or spare protein for
body building
4. Regulator of fat metabolism- prevent
accumulation of ketone bodies & acidosis
5. Sole energy source for brain & nerve
tissue- prevent irreversible damage of
brain
6. Storage form of energy as glycogen
(immediate source of energy)