 THE ENVIRONMENT OF OUR EARTH HAS A

NUMBER OF LIFE ZONES THAT SUPPORT BIRTH

ORGANISMS.

 ALL THE LIFE ZONES OF THE EARTH ARE

COLLECTIVELY CALLED AS BIOSPHERE

 THE BIOSPHERE VERTICALLY EXTENDS INTO

THE ATMOSPHERE UPTO ABOUT 10KM AND
DOWNWARDS INTO THE OCEANS UPTO DEPTH
OF 10.5KM

 IT EXTENDS UPTO THE DEPTH OF ABOUT

6.9KM.
 ECOSYSTEM

BIOTIC ABIOTIC

SOILS,MINERALS, ENVIRONMENTAL
PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS
WATER AND AIR FACTORS

PRIMARY
CONSUMERS

SECONDARY

TERTIARY
 TYPES OF
ECOSYSTEM

NATURAL ARTIFICIAL
ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM

TERRESTIAL AQUATIC FRESHWATER

LAND ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM

FRESH WATER
ECOSYSTEM

LENTIC
FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM

LOTIC FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEM

MARINE ECOSYSTEM
 FORESTS PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN MAINTAINING AND
REGULATING WEATHER CONDITIONS OR THE MICRO-
CLIMATE OF A PARTICULAR AREA.

 THEY PROTECT LAND AGAINST WASHED AWAY BY RAINS

OR WINDS.PROVIDE TIMBER, FODDER, MEDICINES, FRUITS,
SEEDS,GUMS,RESINS,DYES,CHARCOAL AND VARIOUS
OTHER PRODUCTS

ALL THE ECOSYSTEM OF A PARTICULAR AREA IS CALLED

AS “BIOME”
 IT CONTAINS BIOTIC & ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
 PRODUCERS:grasses,herbs,shrubs
 CONSUMERS:These includes:-
1)PRIMARY CONSUMERS-herbivores feeding

on grasses. Example:deers

2)SECONDARY CONSUMERS-snakes, lizards.

3)TERTIARY CONSUMERS- hawks,owls.

 DECOMPOSERS:Various types of saprophytic fungi

 ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:Organic & Inorganic components in the

soil,atmosphere.
  BIOTIC COMPONENTS:These include Producers,
Consumers,& Decomposers.
1)PRODUCERS:Speceis of trees like Acacia.
2)CONSUMERS:
1)PRIMARY CONSUMERS-herbivores feeding on grasses.Eg:rats

2)SECONDARY CONSUMERS-snakes, lizards.

3)TERTIARY CONSUMERS- hawks,owls.

 ABIOTIC COMPONENTS:Soil,sun-light.
 FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM

i. LITTORAL ZONE:The shallow water zone of a

pond or a lake is called littoral zone.
ii. LIMNETIC ZONE:This is the well lighted & open
zone.contain algae,free-floating plants
iii. PROFUNDAL ZONE:This is the dark zone of a
pond or lake.Tortoise & big fish rest in this zone.
• Ecosystem of oceans & salt lakes are
called as Marine Ecosystem.
• It is divided into Open sea & Coastal
Ecosystem.
• ESTUARIES are the ecosystems found
in the junction areas of soft & marine
waters.
 ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY OF
INDIA
 INDIAN ECOSYSTEMS & THEIR DIVERSITY IS USUALLY AT
THREE LEVELS

 MAJOR NATURAL HABITATS-

FORESTS,GRASSLANDS,DESEARTS,WETLANDS(INCLUDING
ESTUARIES,MANGRAVOES,CORAL REEFS&MARINE)

 HIGH MONTAIN RANGES ( BIOTIC PROVINCES :TRANS-

HIMALAYA,NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA,EASTERN
HIMALAYA,INCLUDING NEINDIA) & ISLANDS.

 BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS-WESTERN GHATS,DECCAN

PENINSULA,EASTERN GHATS(ECO-REGION).
 THE INDIAN HIMALAYA HAS BEEN
DIVIDED INTO THREE BIOGEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS
BIOGRAPHIC ZONES BIOTIC STATE
PROVINCE
1. THE TRANS 1. UPPER REGIONS J&K & HP
HIMALAYA 2.NW HIMALAYA J&K & HP
3.WEST HIMALAYA HP &
UTTARANCHAL

2. HIMALAYAN 3.CENTRAL HIMALAYA SIKKIM,WB,A.P

4.EAST HIMALAYA PRADESH

3. NORTH EAST INDIA 5.NORTH EAST HILLS ASSAM

MANIPUR
MEGHALAYA
MIZORAM
NAGALAND
TRIPURA
IF WE WANT TO SAVE OUR PRECIOUS BIOSPHERE
THEN IT IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY ECOSYSTEMS

THANK YOU !!!!!!!!