The arqueology

Autonomrcheology. It comes from the Greek ἀρχαίος 'old' or

'old', and λόγος 'study', is a discipline that studies societies
through theous social science, which studies human beings
through their material and psychological culture. Air
material remains, whether intentional or not.

In the United States, archeology is considered a subfield of

anthropology3, while in Europe archeology is often
considered a discipline in itself or a subfield of other
disciplines.

Archaeologists study prehistory and human history, from the

development of the first stone tools in Lomekwi in East
Africa (Kenya) 3.3 million years ago until the last decades.

Archeology is a mixture of treasure discoveries, together

with the patient work of scientific analysts, and next to the
stage of interpretation, which allows us to understand what
the elements discovered or explored in the history of
mankind.4 As a result, archeology it is both a physical field
activity and an intellectual search and exploration in the
laboratory.4

Most of the first archaeologists, who applied the new

discipline to the studies of antique dealers, defined
archeology as the "systematic study of material remains of
human life that has already disappeared." Other
archaeologists emphasized psychological-behavioral aspects,
and defined archeology as "the reconstruction of the life of
ancient peoples."

The discipline involves topography, excavation and, finally,

the post-excavation analysis of the data collected to learn
more about the past. In a wide scope, archeology is based on
interdisciplinary research. It is based on Anthropology,
History, Art History, Classical Studies, Ethnology,
Geography, Geology, History of Literature, Linguistics,
Semiology, Textual Criticism, physics, Information Science,
Chemistry, Statistics, Paleoecology, Paleography,
Paleontology, Paleozoology and Paleobotany.

In the United States and England, archeology has always

been considered a discipline belonging to anthropology.
Indeed, while anthropology focuses on the study of human
cultures, archeology is dedicated to the study of the material
manifestations of these cultures. Thus, while the ancient
generations of archaeologists studied an ancient ceramic
instrument as a chronological element that would help put a
date on the culture that was the object of study, or simply as
an object with a certain aesthetic value, anthropologists they
would see the same object as an instrument that would help
them understand the thought, values and culture of the one
who manufactured it. However, in most countries,
archeology has been more closely linked to the study of
history; initially as an auxiliary science of art history, and
then of historiography in general.

With the passage of time the traditional vision of archeology

as one of the auxiliary sciences of history has been
neglected. At present, archeology is considered an
autonomous historical science; 5 that is to say it would be
one of the different historical disciplines.

Archeology is one of the main sciences of the karst object of

caving, dealing with deposits in underground cavities.6

Its main objective is the study of changes in social

organization, as well as the diversity of human behavior
(economic, political, ideological) in the past. This is usually
achieved through the study of material remains in defined
spatial and temporal contexts. It is for this reason that
archeology has, in the first place, a particular interest in the
clear definition of temporal sequences (diachronic divisions),
which are specified in periods; Although there are
archaeologists who tend to specialize in a period, they also
pay attention to events before and after that period; Urban
archeology is an exception to this pattern, where it is not
possible to establish temporal or diachronic divisions.
Second, archeology focuses its attention on specific spatial
frameworks (synchronous divisions) such as "regions" or
political units, "sub-regions" or communities, and "local
areas-sites" or domestic units and their associated remains
(places of activity, graves, among others). Unlike History,
deep temporal sequences and diversity of spaces provide it
with varied and complementary scales of analysis, unique
features that allow it to reconstruct and give explanations
about social changes and the diversity of human social
organization.

Archaeological research has been fundamentally related to

Prehistory and Antiquity; However, during the last decades
the archaeological methodology has been applied to more
recent stages, such as the Middle Ages (medieval
archeology), the Modern Age (post-medieval archeology) or
the industrial period. At present, archaeologists occasionally
dedicate their attention to current materials, investigate urban
waste, and so-called industrial archeology is being born.

Archeology was developed in part