HISTORY OF DESIGN

Research about BAUHAUS ART MOVEMENT

BAUHAUS ART MOVEMENT
Bauhaus literally translated to construction house
originated as a German school of the arts in the early 20th
century. Founded by Walter Gropius, the school eventually
morphed into its own modern art movement characterized
by its unique approach to architecture and design.
HISTORY OF BAUHAUS ART MOVEMENT
In 1919, German architect Walter Gropius established Staatliche's Bauhaus,
a school dedicated to uniting all branches of the arts under one roof. The
school acted as a hub for Europe’s most experimental creatives, with well-
known artists like Josef Albers, Wassily Kandinsky, and Paul Klee offering
their expertise as instructors. Bauhaus as an educational institution existed in
3 cities Weimar (1919 to 1925), Dessau (1925 to 1932), and Berlin (1932 to
1933) until it was closed due to mounting pressures from the Nazis.
INFLUENCED ON BAUHAUS ART MOVEMENT

• Important was the influence of the 19th-century English

designer William Morris (1834–1896).
• The most important influence on Bauhaus was modernism, a cultural
movement whose origins lay as early as the 1880s, and which had
already made its presence felt in Germany before the World War,
despite the prevailing conservatism.
• The Bauhaus was founded at a time when the German zeitgeist had
turned from emotional Expressionism to the matter-of-fact New
Objectivity.
PROMINENT ARTISTS

• PAUL KLEE (stained glass and painting)

Klee taught at the Bauhaus from January 1921 to
April 1931. He was a "Form" master in the
bookbinding, stained glass, and mural painting
workshops and was provided with two studios.
LASZLO MOHOLY-NAGY
(Hungarian painter and photographer)

In 1923, Moholy-Nagy was invited by Walter Gropius

to teach at the Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany. He took
over Johannes Itten's role co-teaching the Bauhaus
foundation course with Josef Albers, and also
replaced Paul Klee as Head of the Metal Workshop.
WHEN KANDINSKY(painter and art theorist)
In June 1922, Walter Gropius appointed Wassily
Kandinsky to the Staatliche's Bauhaus in Weimar,
where he taught until its closure in Berlin in
1933.
Important arts in Bauhaus art movements

RED BALLOON (1922)

Artist: Paul Klee
In this canvas from 1922, delicate, translucent geometric shapes -
squares, rectangles and domes - are picked out in gradations of
primary color. A single red circle floats in the upper center,
revealing itself, on inspection, to be the titular hot-air balloon.
YELLOW-RED-BLUE (1925)
Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
This complex work is built up around three key visual areas,
dominated by yellow, red, and blue shapes respectively. These in turn
form two overall zones of visual attention, one on the right-hand side
of the canvas, formed from the interlocking red cross and blue circle,
and one around the yellow rectangle to the left, embossed against a
deeper shade of ochre. Variance in visual weight and positioning in
space is implied by effects of color and shading, as the buoyancy of
the yellow contrasts with the darker red tones, deepening further into
purple and blue. A meshwork of straight and curvilinear interact
across the canvas, as if playing out the battle of energies established
between the different primary colors.
PHOTOGRAM (1926)
Artist: Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
In this camera less photograph or "photogram", the artist's hand
seems to materialize out of the darkness and float in space,
behind a grid of burning white lines which intersect with his
finger-tips. As if taking shape from the interplay of shadow and
light, the forms seem not only to materialize on the page but
also somehow like the dematerialized echoes of physical
objects: they become, as the art historian Leah Dickerman puts
it, "trace[s] of physical contact."
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