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Power Transformer 

In 33/11 KV substations,there are three types of Power Transformer 


used: 5 MVA, 3.5MVA, 10 MVA.   

Primary and secondary winding in a power transformer called HV 


and LV Side. 

Step Down Transformer is used in Power Distribution. 

Power Transformer consists of OLTC Tank, Radiator, 


Conservator Tank, Breather, Winding Temp. Meter, Oil Temp. 
Meter, Oil Level Indicator,etc.. 
 
● OLTC​: - OLTC has a Tap Changer Mechanism System installed. 
Tap position is 1to 17 Nos.  
 
● Radiator​: - It works to keep the Transformer cool. 
 
● Conservator​ ​Tank​: - For Oil Level it has Oil Level Indicator to see 
if Transformer Oil Level is correct. 
 
● ​Breather​: - Transformer oil contains suction. It contains a blue 
Silica Gel and a Transformer Oil in the lower bowl.   
 
● ​Temp​. ​Meter​: - Transformer to winding Temp or Oil Temp. The 
Meter is mounted and used to test the Transformer's Oil 
Temperature.   
 
● Buchholz​ ​Relay​: - Buchholz relay is operated when burning air, 
water or winding.   
 

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In the Substation Room,33KV Incomer Panel, Power Transformer 
Panel, Tap Changer Panel, D. C. Battery Set, Battery Charger & in 
some places there is an Indore Breaker, Pannel. The subcontractor has 
a watch on it.  
 
 
 
​DC Battery 
 
DC Supply works as a heart for substation. Each epithet contains a set 
of 15 batteries, 2.0 Volt of each cell is a total of 30 Volt Dc Supply.  
  
If there is any Fault or to prevent any further damage,the DC Supply 
should go into Breaker's Relay and turn off the Feeder via Relay. 
Therefore ,DC Supply should be maintained properly. 
 
Various equipment in the epicenter 
1.  
2. Lighting Arrest LA.   
3. Earth. 
4. Isolator. 
5. C. T. - Current Transformer. 
6. P. T. - Potential Transformer  
7. Breaker 
8. ​Power Transformer  
9. ​D. C. Battery Set 
10. ​Relay = Meter, KWH Meter, Volt Meter, Amp Meter, Trip 
Circuit Relay  

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11. ​BatteryCharger 
12. OLTC Panel  
13. Breaker Panel  
14. 33 KV Incomer Panel  
15. ​Power Transformer Panel  
16. Indication Panel  
17. Safety Equipment​. 
 
 
 
Lighting Arrest​ :  
Dhanbar Varunbhara gets its friction so it creates electricity 
and it takes the nearest route which leads to Earthing.   
   
Example : On the tree, On L. A. or where there is water Lightning 
falls.   
 
Lightning Arrester L started at the center of the substation to keep 
the Electric Equipment safe from the lightning. LA has Separate 
Earthing. LA. Contains a Metrosil and: Thyrite metal plate.   
 
1. Earthing​ :  
Types of Earthings: - 
1. Plate Earthing  
2. Pipe Earthing  
3. Coil Earthing  
4. Mat Earthing  
Taking the leakage current and grounding it into the ground is 
called Earthing . Earthing has a low resistance, so Leakage 
current goes first to Earthing.Every Electrical Equipment 
Requires Earthing   

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Matt Earthing belongs to Substation. In Substation the 
whole yard is earthed in such a manner that every Bit is linked to 
each other is called as Matt Earthing. 
Earthquake Resistance must be less than 2ohm. 
3. ​Isolator ​: - Line Isolator are used for closing. After closing 
of breaker isolated should be kept open. 
  
4. ​C. T. Current Transformer​: - C. T. It is connected to a 
series of lines. It is used for current measuring. CT Ratio 800 
400 - 200/1 - 1 for 33KV Line. The CT Ratio for the 11KV Line is 
400 - 200 - 100/5 - 5.  
CT is of Two Type :  
1. Single Core  
2. Multiple Core. 
 
5. ​ P. T. Potential Transformer​: - P. T. It is added Parallel to 
the line. It is used for voltage measurement.   
6. ​Breaker ​: - ACB, VCB, GCB & OCB are the four types of 
breakers.   
The breaker has a 'mechanism system'. It contains the Tripping 
& Closing Coil Kit. 

   

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How does breaker trips​ :  

Extra current goes to Relay or there is feeder trip. Baker has three 
poles. It does Pol Upper and Lower Work. If current line is on Pol gets 
Upper . And if the line closes, Pol remains lower. Breaker panel is 
Equipped with KWH Meter, Volt Meter, Amp Meter, Trip Relay, Master 
Relay, ON - OFF Switch, Indication Bulb etc. Nowadays,Ashida 
Numerical O/ C E / F Protection Relay is used in this breaker panel. 
Whatever it is, Digital Relay.  

​Relay​: - There are three types of Relay.  

1. ElectroMechanical Relay. 

2. Static Relay - No Memory. 

3. Digital Relay - Memory is Smart Relay. All records of Tripping on 


this page are Upside.  

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SAFETY EQUIPMENT:  

»Shorting Rod: - Use a shorting rod to discharge the line.  

> Hand Gloves: - Rubber hand gloves are used to prevent electrical 
shock when handling electrical equipment or when opening the isolator.  

»Gum Boot: - In the rainy season sub-stations use the gumboots in 
the legs to avoid lightning or otherwise. .   

> Helmet: - When working, use a helmet to prevent electrical appliances 


and other equipment from hitting the head. 

> Insulated Pliers  

> Fire Extinguisher 

> Sand Bucket 

> Line Permit Book 

> Authorization List  

All this Safety Equipment must be in Sub-center.   

Fundamentals of Electricity Safety for Citizens​: 

1. Use all electrical wires, cables and materials to the proper capacity 
and proper insulation.   

2. Do not overload the electrical circuit.  

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3.. Fuse wires of right capacity or the appropriate capacity of MCB 
should be used so that there is no danger of overload or short-circuit.   

4. Apply a copper plate or rod for all wiring installations. 

5. Material or equipment used for Wiring purpose should be of ISI 


marked symbol or certified by the quality control board. To avoid the 
risk of passing an earthing leak. L. C. B should be installed.

When buying lava electrical appliances, buy the same 3 pin plug 
equipment as the Earth system. 

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