EXPERIMENT : USE OF Ph METER AND TITRATION PROCESS TO DETERMINE THE ADICITY AND ALKALINITY OF

WATER SAMPLES

Experiment 1 (a) : USE OF Ph METER

RESULT

Sample pH meter reading

1 2 3 Average
Distilled water 6.92 6.75 6.64 6.77
Untreated surface 10.25 10.27 10.29 10.27
sample 1
Untreated surface 8.25 8.27 8.30 8.27
sample 2

CALCULATION

Average = {(reading 1)+(reading 2)+(reading 3)}

=(6.92+6.75+6.64) /3

=6.77
Experiment 1a(11)conductivity

RESULT

Sample Conductivity meter reading

1 2 3 Average
Distilled water 1.64 1.67 1.66 1.66
Untreated surface 120.6 120.0 119.7 120.1
sample 1
Untreated surface 100.0 106.0 99.8 101.9
sample 2

CALCULATION

Average = {(reading 1)+(reading 2)+(reading 3)}

=1.64+1.67+1.66/3

=1.66
Experiment 1a(111)determination of turbidity

RESULT

Sample Turbidity meter reading

1 2 3 Average
Distilled water 0.49 0.35 0.45 0.43
Untreated surface 9.81 10.01 10.59 10.14
sample 1
Untreated surface 372.00 380.00 389.00 380.30
sample 2

CALCULATION

Average = {(reading 1)+(reading 2)+(reading 3)}

=0.49+0.35+0.45/3

=0.43
Discussion
1) No Measurement readings units
1 conductivity µs
2 ph -
3 turbidity NTU
4 temperature °C

2) Define the term of water pollution

Water pollution are the pollution that are occurs in the water sources such as lakes,rivers,oceans and
groundwater. Their effects on aquatic systems largely depends on whether polluted waters are standing
or flowing. The major water pollutants are organic nutrients, inorganic nutrients, infectious agents,
toxic organics, toxic inorganics, sediment and heat. Organic nutrients come from feedlots, municipal
sewage treatment plants, and industry. They promote growth of natural populations of aquatic bacteria.
Bacterial decomposition of organic materials results in declines in dissolved oxygen, with dire effects on
other oxygen-requiring organisms. Untreated or improperly treated sewage, animal wastes, meat-
packing wastes, and some wild species are the major sources.The water pollution can make the aquatic
systems damaged.Aquatic system very important in our routine.

3) States 3 sources of turbidity in water bodies?

Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that
are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key
test of water quality.There are three sources of turbidity in water bodies. The first source is
phytoplankton. Human activities that disturb land, such as construction, can lead to high sediment levels
entering water bodies during rain storms, due to storm water runoff, and create turbid
conditions.Then,the second source of turbidity is urbanized areas contribute. Urbanized areas contribute
large amounts of turbidity to nearby waters, through stormwater pollution from paved surfaces such as
roads, bridges and parking lots.The last source is from commercial industries.Industries such as
quarrying and mining can causes very high levels of turbidity from colloidal particle rocks.
CONCLUSION

From the experiment that we have done, we can determine the turbidity of water,alkali and acidity of
water and conductivity of the sample of water. The water that we drinking everyday should not have too
high alkaline or acid because the water that contain acid or alkaline is can dangerous our body. Actually,
the best water that we should drink is that have pH 7 only because it is neutral. For turbidity test, the
highest value that we collect are the risky and dirty water. That water are really not suitable to human
uses.
 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG

ECW 201

FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

GROUP : CD4D1

pH METER,CONDUCTIVITY AND TURBIDITY TEST

TENGKU ASMADI BIN TG MAZLAN 2007110551

MOHD HAFIZ BIN ALI @ HUSAIN 2007110503

MOHAMMAD FAHAIMIE BIN AB RAHMAN 2007110299

MOHD FAIZ BIN AB GHANI 2007110771