JERES-D-001 Design Criteria For Pressure Vessels

Jubail Export Refinery
Engineering Standard
JERES-D-001
Design Criteria for
Pressure Vessels
Revision Responsibility 14 May

1 JER Engineering 2008
JERES-D-001 14 May
Design Criteria for Pressure Vessels
Rev-1 2008
Revision Tracking
Revision Revision Date Scope of Revision

Updating Issued for bid package Rev. 0 to incorporate technical
1 14 May 2008
comments.
0 28 April 2008 Issued for bid package
04 31 March 2008 Issued for bid package only for review.
03 28 January 2008 Up-dated as indicated.
02 27 April 2007 Up-dated to modify typo corrections.
01 11 April 2007 The first official JERES-D-001 is issued.

First draft issued is based on Saudi Aramco SAES-D-001 “Design
00 29 March 2007 Criteria for Pressure Vessels” issue date 30 March, 2005. Document was
modified to incorporate amendments and modifications.
This document is the property of Jubail Export Refinery and no parts of this document shall be reproduced by
any means without prior approval by the Company.
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Table of Contents
Section Contents Page
1 Scope 5
2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications 5
3 References 6
4 Definitions 8
5 Responsibilities 9
6 Basis for mechanical design 10
7 Nozzles, manways and gaskets 18
8 Internals 24
9 Vessel support 24
10 Clips and attachments 25
11 Material selection 26
12 Insulation and surface coating 27
13 Fireproofing 27
14 Cathodic protection 28
15 Drawings and calculations 28
Appendixes
1 Nozzle loads for metallic pressure vessel 29
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2 Safety Instruction Sheet 32
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1 Scope
1.1 This standard covers the minimum mandatory requirements for the design of
pressure vessels. The requirements are in addition to and supplement the
requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.
1.2 This standard does not cover existing pressure vessels that undergo repairs or
alterations and pressure vessels stamped "UM" per ASME SEC VIII D1.
1.3 This standard is intended to establish basic guidelines of mechanical design and to
inform Design Engineers of preferred analytical design requirements.
1.4 The requirements in this standard shall be used by the Design Engineer for the
completion of Vessel Data Sheet.
1.5 This standard shall not be attached to nor made a part of purchase orders.
1.6 Pressure vessels supplied as part of a vendor's off-the-shelf standard design package
unit and intended for air or water services (e.g., air dryers, portable air compressors,
filtering unit, etc.) with a design pressure no greater than 1.7 MPa and a design
temperature no greater than 120ºC are exempted from meeting the requirements of
this standard provided that:
a) The vessel is ASME Code stamped,
b) Full penetration welds joints are used, and
c) The vessel is protected against overpressure conditions.
1.7 Pressure vessels shall be ASME Code stamped.
2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications

2.1 Any conflicts between this standard and other applicable Company Engineering
Standards (JERES), Material Specifications (JERMS), Standard Drawings (JERSD),
Engineering Procedures (JEREP), Company Forms or Industry standards,
specifications, Codes and forms shall be brought to the attention of Company
Representative by the Contractor for resolution.
Until the resolution is officially made by the Company Representative, the most
stringent requirement shall govern.
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2.2 Where a licensor specification is more stringent than those of this standard, the
Licensor’s specific requirement shall apply.
2.3 Where applicable Codes or Standards are not called by this standard or its
requirements are not clear, it shall be brought to attention of Company
Representative by Contractor for resolution.
2.4 Direct all requests for deviations or clarifications in writing to the Company or its
Representative who shall follow internal Company procedure and provide final
resolution.
3 References
The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance,
and repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with the
latest edition of the references listed below as of the CUT-OFF DATE as specified
in the Contract unless otherwise noted.
3.1 Company References
Company Engineering Standards

JERES-A-112 Meteorological and Seismic Design Data
JERES-A-301 Materials in wet H2S service
JERES-B-006 Fireproofing for Plants
JERES-H-001 Coatings Selection & Application Requirements for Industrial Plants
& Equipment
JERES-J-600 Pressure Relief Devices
JERES-L-109 Selection of Pipe Flanges, Stud Bolts and Gaskets
JERES-N-001 Basic Criteria for Industrial Insulation
JERES-N-100 Refractory Systems
JERES-X-500 Cathodic Protection of Vessels and Tank Internals
Company Material Specification
JERMS-D-3204 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels

JERMS-D-3220 Manufacture of Trays and Packing
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JERMS-D-3231 Manufacture of Clad Vessels and Heat Exchangers

JERMS-D-3232 Manufacture of low-alloy vessels and heat exchangers in 1 ¼ Cr - ½
Mo material
JERMS-D-3233 Manufacture of low-alloy vessels and heat exchangers in 2 ¼ Cr - 1

Mo & 2 ¼ Cr - 1 Mo – V material
Company Forms and Data Sheets

JEREF-2694 Safety Instruction Sheet-Vessels (appendix 2)
Company Standard Drawings (JERSD)

2271-AAA-STC-0490-000 Construction standards for pressure vessels
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards
American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes

ASME B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-welded and Threaded
ASME B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges – Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound and
Jacketed
ASME B16.21 Nonmetallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
ASME B16.47 Large-Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 inch through NPS 60 inch
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME SEC II Materials
ASME SEC VIII D1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
ASME SEC VIII D2 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Alternative Design Rules
Welding Research Council

WRC 107 Welding Research Council Bulletin: Local Stresses in Spherical and
Cylindrical Shells Due to External Loadings
WRC 297 Welding Research Council Bulletin: Local Stresses in Cylindrical
Shells Due to External Loadings on Nozzles Supplement to WRC
Bulletin No. 107
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4 Definitions
4.1 Definitions presented in this Standard and other JER documents have precedence
over other definitions. Conflicts between various definitions shall be brought to the
attention of Company Representative by the Contractor for resolution.
Company: Jubail Export Refinery.
Company Representative: A designated person from the Company or an assigned

third party representative.
Company Inspector: A designated person or an agency responsible for conducting

inspection activities on behalf of the Company.
4.2 List of Definitions
Amine Services: All amine solutions including MDEA, DEA, MEA, DGA and
ADIP.
Auto-Refrigeration Temperature: Auto-refrigeration temperature is the

temperature resulting from adiabatic vaporization at atmospheric pressure of the
process fluid. The value of this temperature shall result from a process simulation.
Caustic Services: All sodium hydroxide solutions at all temperatures and

concentrations.
Cyclic Services: Services that require fatigue analysis per AD-160 of ASME SEC
VIII D2. This applies to Division 1 and Division 2 of ASME SEC VIII.
Design Engineer: The Engineering Company responsible for specifying on the data
sheet the mechanical design requirements for pressure vessels.
High - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content more than 5%.
Hydrogen Services: Process streams containing relatively pure hydrogen and

component streams containing hydrogen with a partial pressure of 350 kPa abs and
higher.
Lethal Services: Process streams containing a concentration of hydrogen sulfide in

excess of 20% by volume shall be considered as lethal service. Other services as
determined by the project design may also be designated as lethal services.
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LODMAT: The lowest one day mean ambient temperature equal to 0°C.
Low - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content equal or less than 5% but
more than specified for carbon steels.
MDMT: Minimum design metal temperature, determined in accordance with this

standard.
Nominal Thickness: The value of the design thickness required to withstand all
primary loads, and includes allowance for corrosion.
P&ID: Piping & Instrument Diagram.
PFD: Process Flow Diagram.
Pressure Vessel and Vessel: As defined in the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel
Codes.
Shock Chilling Effect: The rapid decrease in temperature of a vessel component

caused by a sudden flow of process stream colder than -20°C and at a temperature
lower than the initial temperature of the component by 40°C, regardless of pressure.
Thick Wall Vessel: A vessel course or dished head with nominal thickness greater
than 50 mm.
Unfired Steam Drums: As defined in ASME SEC VIII D1.
Utility Services: Water, air and nitrogen services.
Vessel Manufacturer: The Company responsible for the manufacture of pressure

vessels.
Wet Sour Service: As defined by JERES-A-301
5 Responsibilities
5.1 The Design Engineer is responsible for specifying the mechanical design
requirements and completing the data sheet in accordance with this standard.
5.2 The Vessel Manufacturer is responsible for the manufacture of pressure vessels,
which includes the complete mechanical design, Code and structural calculations,
supply of all materials, fabrication, nondestructive examination, inspection, testing,
surface preparation, and preparation for shipment, in accordance with the completed
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data sheet and the requirements of JERMS-D-3204, JERMS-D-3231, JERMS-D-

3232 and JERMS-D-3233 as applicable.
6 Basis for mechanical design

6.1 General
6.1.1 All pressure vessels, including unfired steam drums, shall be mechanically designed
in accordance with ASME SEC VIII D1 or ASME SEC VIII D2 (herein referred to
as the Codes), and the requirements of JERMS-D-3204 and, as applicable, JERMS-
D-3231, JERMS-D-3232 and JERMS-D-3233.
6.1.2 The applicable Division and edition of the Codes to be used for the design of
pressure vessels shall be specified on the data sheet.
6.1.3 ASME SEC VIII D2 shall be specified when economically justified. The following
guidelines shall be used to determine when D2 should be considered:
a) When the nominal thickness of the vessel shell or heads exceeds 50 mm,
irrespective of design pressure, materials, or service.
b) For vessels with design pressure 7.0 MPa (g) and larger, irrespective of service
and materials of construction
6.1.4 It is the responsibility of the Design Engineer, as defined in this standard, to prepare
a detailed User Specification for ASME SEC VIII D2 pressure vessels in accordance
with paragraph AG-301 of Division 2.
6.1.5 The application of ASME Code Cases to the design of pressure vessels requires the
prior approval of the Company or its Representative.
6.2 Design pressure
6.2.1 Pressure vessels shall be designed to withstand the maximum internal and/or external
pressure conditions which can occur during normal operation, including startup,
shutdown or any unusual operation as shown on the PFD.
Commentary Note:
Design pressure is the maximum difference in pressure between the inside and the outside of
a vessel, or between the chambers of a combination unit. The term internal design pressure
is used when the internal pressure is greater than the external pressure. However, the term
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external design pressure is used when the internal pressure is less than the external
pressure.
6.2.2 The values of normal operating pressure, maximum operating pressure, and design
pressure acting at the top of a vessel shall be specified on the data sheet.
6.2.3 The internal design pressure shall be taken to be at least equal to the maximum
operating pressure up rated by the following value:
a) 0.1 MPa for maximum operating pressure below 1 MPa (g). Under no
circumstances may the design pressure be less than 0.35 MPa (g).
b) 10 % of the maximum operating pressure when that pressure is between 1 MPa

(g) and 7.0 MPa (g) inclusive.
6.2.4 The internal design pressure for vessels with maximum operating pressure of more
than 7.0 MPa (g) shall be a minimum of the larger of 105% of the maximum
operating pressure and the maximum operating pressure plus 0.7MPa
6.2.5 Where there are differences in design pressures in different sections of a vessel, the
extremities of these sections shall be specified on the data sheet.
6.2.6 For multi-compartment vessels, the differential design pressures between

compartments shall be specified on the data sheet. In all cases, the design
differential pressure shall be at least 1.1 times the maximum operating differential
that can occur. All pressure differentials shall be considered.
6.2.7 Vessels in vacuum service shall be designed for a maximum external pressure of 102
kPa or 125% of the maximum operating external pressure, whichever is larger.
6.2.8 Vessels that are subject to steam-out conditions shall be designed for an external
pressure of 50 kPa at 150 °C when LP steam (vessel smaller than 220m3) is used and
at 200°C when MP steam (vessel larger than 220m3) is used.
6.2.9 All vessels in steam services shall be designed for an external pressure of 102 kPa at
design temperature.
6.2.10 For vessels that contain packing, the following data shall be specified on the data
sheet for the design of packing bed supports:
a) The differential design pressure and temperature at the end-of-process-run
(fouled) condition.
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b) The differential regeneration pressure and temperature.

c) The directions of the differential pressure corresponding to items (a) and (b).
6.2.11 For vessels designed at full vacuum, a minimum internal pressure of 0.35 MPa (g)
shall be also considered.
6.2.12 Compressed air vessels shall be designed with a minimum pressure of 0.7 MPa (g).
6.3 Design temperature
6.3.1 The design temperature shall not be less than the maximum operating temperature as
shown on the PFD plus 28°C.
6.3.2 The design temperature shall not be lower than 80°C.
6.3.3 Where there are differences in the maximum operating temperature for the different
operating temperatures of a vessel, the extremities of these sections shall be specified
on the data sheet.
6.3.4 The design temperature for vessels which are internally refractory lined shall be
calculated using the insulating properties of the lining material. Refer to JERES-N-
100, Refractory Systems for the coefficients of thermal conductivity to be specified.
6.3.5 If the fluid temperature is more than 100°C and the vessel is “cold walled”, refractory
lined on the inside, the design temperature shall be determined by a heat calculation
taking into account the maximum temperature of the fluid and an ambient temperature
of 45°C without wind.
6.3.6 If a vessel or a piece of vessel normally operated below 0°C can be submitted to
temperature above ambient during particular operating phases (dry out, start-up,
regeneration,…) or accidental causes (except fire), a hot design temperature will be
indicated with associated design pressure.
6.4 Minimum Design Metal Temperature
The MDMT shall be specified on the data sheet and shall be equal to the lower of the
following conditions:
a) The LODMAT at the site location, unless a higher start-up temperature is
specified, and a suitable warm-up start-up procedure has been developed.
b) The temperature of a process stream causing shock chilling condition as
defined in section 4 of this standard.
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c) Auto-refrigeration condition as defined in section 4 of this standard.

d) The minimum operating temperature at an operating pressure greater than 25%
of the design pressure.
6.5 Service and description

a) The service of a vessel (e.g., lethal, hydrocarbon, hydrogen, caustic, amine, wet
sour, utility and cyclic) as defined in section 4 of this standard shall be
specified on the data sheet.
b) The process description of the vessel (e.g., fractionator, regenerator, separator,
receiver, KO drum, deaerator, etc.) shall be specified on the data sheet.
6.6 Joint efficiency
A joint efficiency of 85% or higher shall be specified for the design of all pressure
containing components of ASME SEC VIII D1 pressure vessels.
6.7 Corrosion allowance
6.7.1 Corrosion allowance shall be based on achieving a minimum service life of twenty
years.
6.7.2 The maximum amount of corrosion allowance shall be 6.0 mm. Should a higher
corrosion allowance be required in order to obtain a twenty year service life, the
vessel shall be integrally clad or weld overlayed with a corrosion resistant metallic
lining or as an alternative solid corrosion resistant material shall be specified for the
vessel. Selection of any of the alternatives shall be based on cost effectiveness and a
proven history of satisfactory service in similar service environments.
The cladding and weld deposit overlay shall not be included in the strength
calculations.
6.7.3 Minimum corrosion allowances shall be specified on the data sheet as follows:
a) For all carbon and low-alloy steels, in all services, except wet sour services, the
minimum corrosion allowance shall be specified as 1.5 mm.
b) For all carbon and low-chrome alloy steels in wet sour services the minimum
corrosion allowance shall be specified as 3.0 mm.
c) For all integrally clad vessels, in all services, the minimum corrosion
allowance shall be the cladding thickness of not less than 3.0 mm.
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d) For all weld overlayed vessels, in all services, the minimum corrosion
allowance shall be the weld overlay thickness of the undiluted specified
chemical composition of not less than 3.0 mm.
e) For all carbon and low-alloy steels vessels under insulation, in all services,
with an operating temperature less than 150°C, the minimum corrosion
allowance shall be specified as 3.0 mm.
f) For all clad or weld overlayed vessels, in all services, with an operating
temperature less than 150°C, the minimum external corrosion allowance shall
be specified as 1.5mm or 3.0mm when vessels are under insulation.
6.7.4 No reductions to corrosion allowances specified in paragraph 6.7.3 shall be given for
vessels which are internally coated with nonmetallic coatings.
6.7.5 Corrosion allowances for tray assemblies and tray support rings shall be specified in
accordance with the requirements of JERMS-D-3220.
6.7.6 For amine absorbers, if the partial pressure of H2S + CO2 exceeds 0.5 bar(a), from
the absorber, the shell shall be cladded with AISI 316L, from the bottom to shell
junction up to two trays above the feed inlet.
6.7.7 Minimum corrosion thickness allowance for non pressure retaining parts:
a) A minimum total corrosion allowance of 1.5 mm shall be provided for vessel

supports (skirts, saddles, brackets, legs) and on external gusset plates of non-
alloy and low-alloy steel.
b) A 3.0 mm corrosion allowance on root diameter for anchor bolts shall be

considered.
6.8 Heads
6.8.1 The types of heads shall be specified on the data sheet. The type of heads to be used
shall be ASME 2:1 ellipsoidal or ASME hemispherical.
6.8.2 ASME flanged and dished heads (torispherical) can be used for air and water utilities
up to a design pressure of 700 kPa (g). For other services Company approval is
requested.
6.8.3 For thick wall vessels, heads shall be specified as hemispherical unless 2:1
ellipsoidal heads are deemed economical.
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6.9 Loads
6.9.1 Wind and earthquake loads

a) Wind and earthquake loads shall be determined by the Vessel Manufacturer in
accordance with the procedures detailed in ASCE 7.
b) The Design Engineer shall determine the basic wind speed corresponding to the
Company site in accordance with JERES-A-112. The basic wind speed shall
be specified on the vessel data sheet.
c) The Design Engineer shall determine the earthquake zone, soil coefficient and
effective peak acceleration ratio (Av) corresponding to the Company site in
accordance with JERES-A-112. The earthquake zone and site soil coefficient
shall be specified on the vessel data sheet.
6.9.2 Weight of liquid contents
The Design Engineer shall specify on the vessel data sheet the maximum operating
liquid level and density of liquid as well as full hydrostatic test load for the vessel in
the erected position.
6.9.3 Piping and equipment loads

a) Nozzles shall be designed for external piping loads, such as may be produced
from thermal expansion/contraction and weight.
b) Piping loads on nozzles, as detailed in Appendix I, shall be used when no other
data are available.
c) For vessels supporting equipment (e.g., stab-in type heat exchanger, reboilers,
etc.), the equipment loads imposed on the vessel are to be determined by the
Design Engineer and specified on the data sheet.
6.9.4 Refractory linings

a) For vessels which are refractory lined, the extent and design density of the
refractory lining shall be specified on the data sheet.
b) The value of the design density of the refractory shall be determined in
accordance with JERES-N-100.
6.9.5 Loading combinations
Including the additional data defined in the construction code, at least the following
load cases must be studied:
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LOADING
CONDITION Pressure Temperature Dead/Live Wind Earthquake
Loads
Transportation / Lifting Atmospheric Ambient (a) - -
Erection Atmospheric Ambient (b) (b) (b)
Normal operation Design Design (c) (c) (c)
Hydrostatic Test Test Ambient (d) (d) -
CONDITION:
a) Transportation (1) / Lifting (2): vessel under atmospheric pressure and ambient
temperature, non-corroded thickness, complete with platforms, ladders, attached
piping, all welded internals and insulation, without any removable internal.
Note (1): For vertical vessels transported in the horizontal position, the body of
the vessel shall be checked in the transport and lifting position, considering the
vessel in both horizontal and vertical positions.
Note (2): The lifting devices (lifting lugs, trunnions, lifting beams, and so on)
shall be calculated, as shell the local stresses induced by them on the body of the
vessel; for these calculations, a safety factor of 1.5 shall be applied to the weight
of the equipment.
b) Erection: vessel under atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, non-
corroded thickness, complete with platforms, ladders, attached piping, all welded
internals and insulation, without any removable internal, all combined with wind
and earthquake loads that shall no act simultaneously.
c) Normal operation (1): vessel under design pressure and temperature, corroded
thickness, complete with platforms, ladders, attached piping, all welded internals
and insulation, all internal and the maximum operating liquid level, other
loadings (see section 6.9.3), all combined with wind and earthquake loads that
shall not act simultaneously.
Note (1): The total moment due to wind shall be increased the eccentric loads
from overhead vapour line and heavy equipment attached to the vessel. If final
additional loads (if any) are unknown, as minimum the 10% of increase shall be
considered.
d) Hydrostatic test (1), (2): vessel under test pressure and ambient temperature,
considering the static head, full of water, corroded thickness, complete with
platforms, ladders, attached piping, all welded internals and insulation, all
combined with the 50% of wind load.
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Note (1): Unless otherwise specified for particular equipment, the vessel shall be
considered in its service position (horizontal or vertical). The manufacturer shall
also check the strength of the equipment during the workshop test, in non-
corroded thickness (may in some cases be a dimensioning factor for certain
elements).
Note (2): Unless more stringent indications given in the chosen construction code
or the national regulation, the nominal design stress of the material at test
temperature shall be equal to 90% of the yield strength except for the bolting,
equal to 50% of the yield strength expressed as 0.2% for non-alloy steels and 1/3
of tensile strength for austenitic steels.
6.10 Stress analysis
6.10.1 Where applicable, the requirements for thermal stress and fatigue stress analyses are
to be specified by the Design Engineer in accordance with this standard. When a
thermal or fatigue analysis is required per this standard for a Division 1 vessel, the
analysis methods and stress combination limits presented in Division 2, Appendix 4,
may be used. However, the basic design stress intensity value, Sm, shall be taken
from the Division 1 tables of ASME SEC II for the corresponding material and
temperature.
6.10.2 The Design Engineer is responsible for specifying the heat transfer coefficients to be
used for all thermal stress analysis.
6.10.3 Thermal stress analysis

a) A thermal stress analysis is required for ASME SEC VIII D1 vessels if a
thermal gradient along the circumferential or longitudinal axes, under steady
state operating conditions, exceeds 65°C in a distance measured as the square
root of R times T, where:
− R is the radius of the vessel component under consideration and,
− T is the thickness of the component under consideration
− R and T are measured in the same units.
b) Thermal gradients may be reduced to within allowable limits with the
provision of:
− Thermal sleeves in pressure-retaining components
− Hot-box design at the skirt-to-vessel junction in skirt-supported vessels
with design temperatures greater than 260°C
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6.10.4 Scope of stress analysis

a) The scope of the required stress analysis shall be specified by the Design
Engineer in accordance with the rules of Division 2.
b) As a minimum, the scope of the stress analysis (in the steady state condition)
shall include the following:
− Bottom head to skirt weld
− Special nozzle configuration to shell welds including external piping
loads
− Tray supports to shell welds
− Discontinuities in shell material, thickness, shape
6.10.5 Fatigue analysis

a) A fatigue analysis shall be based on the calculated number of cycles for a
minimum 20 year life cycle, as determined in accordance with the rules of
Division 2, paragraph AD-160.
b) The number of cycles shall include the number of start-ups, shut-downs,
emergency shut-downs, and upset conditions.
6.10.6 Local stress analysis
Stress analysis due to piping, equipment, lifting, supports and other external loads
shall be completed in accordance with the procedures as detailed in WRC 107, WRC
297 or a finite element analysis.
6.10.7 Advanced stress analysis
Additional stresses and thermal analysis on particular equipments (e.g. Coke drums,
HDK reactors) are mandatory. For these items Company could require the analysis
and calculation to be approved by an independent third party engineering company.
7 Nozzles, Manways and Gaskets

7.1 General
7.1.1 The quantity, types, sizes, elevations, orientations and pressure classes of all nozzles
and manways shall be specified on the data sheet.
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7.1.2 The Design Engineer is responsible for ensuring that the facings, bolt centers,
number of bolts and size of bolts of vessel nozzles match the mating piping flanges.
7.1.3 Bolt tensioner device shall be utilized for stud bolts diameter ≥ 1 ½”. Bolted
connection shall be designed in order to provide required clearance.
7.1.4 The quantity and sizes of nozzles required for pressure relief valves shall be
determined in accordance with JERES-J-600 and specified on the vessel data sheet.
7.1.5 The locations and sizes of nozzles shall be in accordance with the P&IDs and this
standard.
7.1.6 Nozzles with NPS of 2-½, 3-½, and 5 shall not be used.
7.1.7 Nozzles less than NPS 2 are not allowed except for instruments nozzles using 1 ½”
LWN type, if any
7.1.8 Threaded and socket-welded connections are prohibited
7.1.9 The instrument nozzles rating shall be specified as 300# minimum.
7.1.10 Vessels shall be provided with a minimum 2” NPS flanged nozzle for steam out
connection.
7.1.11 Vessels shall be provided with vent and pressure relief connections unless such
pressure relief devices are provided on the associated overhead piping.
7.1.12 All liquid level column instrument connections shall be located so as to avoid
turbulent areas (e.g., turbulence from impact of inlet streams).
7.1.13 On vertical skirt-supported vessels all nozzle flanges located on the bottom head
shall be brought outside the skirt.
7.1.14 For vessels with mechanical mixers, the Design Engineer shall specify on the vessel
data sheet: the torque, bending loads, and dimensional tolerances (axial and angular)
specified by the mixer manufacturer.
7.1.15 Anti-swirl baffles (vortex breakers) shall be provided on liquid outlet nozzles
upstream of a pump suction side.
7.2 Ratings (ASME Pressure Classes) and Facings
7.2.1 The ASME pressure classes shall be specified on the data sheet.
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7.2.2 ASME Pressure Class 400 shall not be used.
7.2.3 Pressure ratings shall be in accordance with the following:

a) Pressure ratings of flanges 24-inch NPS and smaller shall be specified in
accordance with ASME B16.5.
b) Pressure ratings of flanges larger than 24-inch NPS shall be specified in
accordance with ASME B16.47, Series A.
7.2.4 The facings of flanges shall be specified as raised face or ring-type joint in
accordance with JERES-L-109.
7.2.5 Bolted joints specified with non-ASME flanges shall be designed to meet all
anticipated loading conditions of the vessel.
7.2.6 When the dimensions of the vessel do not permit personnel entry, hand holes shall be
specified instead of manways.
7.2.7 The minimum nominal diameter for hand holes is 6”-NPS. The preferred size of
hand holes is 8”-NPS nominal diameter when permitted by the design Code.
7.3 Manways
7.3.1 The location, quantity, size of manways shall be specified in accordance with this
standard and shall be specified to ensure that all interior areas are accessible.
Requirements of internal ladder rungs shall be as specified in JERMS-D-3204.
7.3.2 For any vertical vessel (excluding hydro treating plant reactors) or horizontal vessel,
respectively having a height or length greater than 6 metres, at least two manways
shall be provided. For shorter vessels, at least one manway (or an inspection hole)
and one 6”-NPS vent nozzle located at the end opposite to the manhole (or to the
inspection hole) shall be provided to allow effective ventilation during inspections.
7.3.3 Manways in columns with trays shall be located as follows:

a) Manways are required at the top, at the bottom, at feed trays and side streams.
b) Intermediate manways shall have a maximum spacing of 10 trays (clean or
fouling service). A maximum spacing of 4 trays shall be considered in severe
fouling service.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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7.3.4 The Design Engineer shall ensure that the size of manways are such that all
removable internals, including tray sections, piping, filters, screens, catalyst,
packing, etc., can pass through.
7.3.5 Minimum manway nominal size shall be 24”-NPS. With justification, this dimension
may be reduced to 20”-NPS or, exceptionally 18”-NPS only after the Company
representative approval. In cases where the diameter of the vessel is too small to
accommodate a 24 inch (or 20”/18”) minimum manway nominal size, the largest size
inspection openings shall be specified. The minimum sizes shall be in accordance
with the design Codes. As an alternative, the vessel may include a removable head
(blind flange or domed head connected by flanges to the body of the vessel)
replacing the above mentioned manway or inspection hole.
7.3.6 Vessels with mixers shall be provided with at least one manway. Mixer nozzle shall
not be considered as manway.
7.3.7 All manways shall be circular. The manway covers shall be hinged or provided with
handling davits as specified on the data sheet, according to JERSD (2271-AAA-
STC-0490-00).
7.4 Gaskets
7.4.1 The type of gaskets shall be specified on the data sheet in accordance with JERES-L-
109 requirements.
7.5 Weld attachment details
7.5.1 All nozzles and manway necks shall be attached by welding completely through the
total thickness of the vessel shell, head or nozzle wall, including any reinforcement.
All nozzles and manway necks shall be of set-in type and shall not project inside the
vessel. The inside edge of all nozzles shall be rounded to a radius of at least 3 mm.
Backing rings are not allowed.
7.5.2 Permissible types of nozzles and manway necks weld-attachments are:

a) Division 1 vessels: Figure UW-16.1 (c), (d), (e), (f-1), (f-2), (f-3), (f-4) or (g).
b) Division 2 vessels: Figure AD-610.1: (c), (d), (e), (e-1), (g) or weld
attachments in paragraph 7.5.3(b).
7.5.3 The nozzle and manway necks weld attachments shall be of the self reinforcing type
(with no reinforcing pad) in the following services and/or conditions :
a) cyclic service
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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b) equipments subject to thermal choc

c) Thick wall vessels in carbon steel (i.e. thickness greater or equal to 50 mm)
d) Low alloy steels with thickness greater or equal to 25 mm
e) openings which are 900 mm and larger with design temperature greater than
400°C
f) vessels with design Temperature above 370°C
h) vessels with design Temperature below -45°C
7.5.4 The following types of nozzle and manway (self-reinforced with lip) necks weld-
attachments :
a) Division 1 vessels: Figure UW-16.1: (f-1), (f-2), (f-3) or (f-4).
b) Division 2 vessels: Figure AD-613.1: (a), (b), (c), (c-1), (d) or (e)
shall be considered when:
1) The design pressure is more or equal to 7.0 MPa(g).
2) The flange rating is more or equal to 600# except for carbon steel material in
non-cyclic condition.
3) For carbon steel material in non-cyclic condition and the flange rating is more
or equal to 900#.
4) when required by project specifications such as JERMS-D-3232 or JERMS-D-
3233
5) Lethal service
7.6 Vent, drain and utility connections
7.6.1 Vent
a) In general, an air vent always needs to be placed on the top head of vertical
vessels and on the top of horizontal vessels, opposite to the manhole. For
vertical vessels where a manway has not been provided at or near the highest
part of the vessel, an air vent of a minimum nominal diameter of 6” shall be
provided at the highest part of the vessel.
b) When there is piping connected to the upper extremity of the vessel and if the
vessel diameter does not permit the addition of a 6” vent nozzle or if there are no
specific requirements for a 6” air vent (as defined above), the air vent shall be at
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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least sized based on the table below. For any vessel, ensure that the vent size is
equal to or larger than the largest drain size.
Vessel volume (m3) Nominal air vent size (inch-NPS)
Up to 20 m3 2
20 to 60 m3 3
60 to 300 m3 4
> 300 m3 6
7.6.2 Drain
a) Normally, a vessel has one drain connection. This drain connects to the lowest
point of the bottom outlet piping.
b) Vessels in pyrophoric service and vessels that need to be maintained during

normal operation require a second drain connected to a separate nozzle at the
bottom of the vessel. This drain will only be used when the vessel isolation
blinds are installed.
c) The size of the low point drain of the vessel is dependent on the amount of
liquid that needs to be drained, as indicated in the table below:
Liquid volume to be drained (m3) Nominal drain size (inch-NPS)
Up to 20 m3 2
20 to 60 m3 3
60 to 300 m3 4
> 300 m3 6
d) Vessels with internal baffling in the bottom section require special consideration
for draining facilities.
Overflow connections and piping shall have a diameter one size larger than the
largest diameter of the feed inlet and product outlet connections.
7.6.3 Utility, steam out/purge connections
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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a) The utility connection does not necessarily need to be located directly on the
vessel, as long as it remains operational when the vessel is isolated. The utility
connection minimum size is indicated in the table below.
b) The purge connection shall be preferably located on piping instead of

equipment. Whenever provided on the vessels, purge connections shall be at
minimum distance from the tangent line. The steam out/purge connection
minimum size is indicated in the table below.
c) Utility, steam out/purge connections size table:
Vessel capacity (m3) Purge connections Utility/Steam out connections (inch-

(inch-NPS) NPS)
V ≤ 75 m3 2 2
75 < V ≤ 220 m3 2 2
220 < V ≤ 420 m3 3 3
V > 420 m3 4 4
Steam out connection 3” and larger shall be permanently connected to steam header
8 Internals
8.1 The Design Engineer shall specify all design data required for the mechanical design
of internals, including their locations and dimensions for piping distributors, anti-
swirl baffles, screens, filters, packing supports, etc.
8.2 All design data required for the process design of trays and packing shall be specified
in accordance with project specifications.
9 Vessel Supports
9.1 General
9.1.1 Each vessel shall be designed as a self-supporting unit.
9.1.2 The type of support required shall be specified by the Design Engineer on the data
sheet.
9.2 Supports for vertical vessels
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9.2.1 Vertical vessels shall be supported by means of a skirt. Legs or brackets can be used
only after the Company Representative approval.
9.2.2 The skirt height shall be specified on the data sheet.
9.2.3 Vessels with O.D. ≤ 2000 mm and H / O.D. ≤ 3 (H = Tangent Line. to Tangent Line
length and O.D. = outside diameter) can be mounted on support legs, according to
standard JERSD (2271-AAA-STC-0490-00). For joint details refer to mentioned
standard drawing. The minimum number of legs shall be specified as four for vessel
with O.D. > 750 mm. Legs shall be attached on reinforcing plates and not the vessel
shell directly.
9.2.4 The locations and orientations of brackets and lugs shall be specified on the data
sheet.
9.3 Supports for horizontal vessels
9.3.1 Horizontal vessel shall be supported by two saddles with anchor bolts. The vessel
shall be fixed at one saddle and free to move in the longitudinal direction, due to
thermal and pressure differentials, at the other saddle.
9.3.2 The data sheet shall specify locations of the fixed and sliding saddles and dimension
from vessel centerline to underside of saddle base plate.
10 Clips and Attachments

10.1 General
The Design Engineer shall specify the orientations, elevations and details of clips and
attachments required for pipe supports, ladders, and platforms.
10.2 Insulation support rings
10.2.1 The thickness, extent, and method of support of external insulation shall be
specified on the data sheet in accordance with JERES-N-001 and JERSD (2271-
AAA-STC-0490-00).
10.2.2 Supports required for the supporting of internal refractory materials shall be specified
in accordance with JERES-N-100.
10.3 Equipment Davit
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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10.3.1 A davit for the lifting of equipment shall be specified for vessels containing
removable internals such as trays, packing and relief valves, if specifically required
by Company.
10.3.2 If required, the davit shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with JERSD
(2271-AAA-STC-0490-000).
10.4 Lifting lugs
10.4.1 Lifting lugs or other attachments shall be specified for vessels to facilitate shipping
and handling purposes in accordance with JERSD (2271-AAA-STC-0490-00).
10.4.2 Lifting lugs on vertical vessel directly welded on shell are forbidden. Intermediate
reinforcing plates shall be provided between the shell wall and the lifting lugs.
11 Material selection
11.1 General
11.1.1 The materials of construction for pressure and non-pressure components shall be
based on the design temperature, minimum design metal temperature and service in
accordance with JERMS-D-3204, Table 1, Acceptable Materials for Carbon and
Low-Alloy Steels.
11.1.2 The Design Engineer may propose alternative materials to those specified in JERMS-
D-3204, Table 1, at time of proposal, with prior approval of Company
Representative. Alternative materials must comply with all the requirements of the
applicable Code and this specification.
11.1.3 Use of high alloy steels shall be based on the design data or when economically
justified.
11.2 Impact Testing
The impact testing of vessel components shall be determined by the Vessel

Manufacturer based on the material minimum design metal temperature (MDMT), in
accordance with the requirements specified in JERMS-D-3204 and the applicable
Code.
11.3 Postweld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
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11.3.1 For carbon and low alloy steels, the following process services require PWHT.
Other process conditions may also require PWHT, as determined during the project
design or as specified by the Company or its Representative.
a) All caustic soda (NaOH) solutions, at all temperatures.
b) All monoethanolamine (MEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and
diethanolamine (DEA) solutions, at all temperatures.
c) All diglycol amine (DGA) solutions above 140°C design temperature.
d) All rich amino di-isopropanol (ADIP) solutions above 90°C design
temperature.
e) All lean ADIP solutions above 60°C design temperature.
f) Boiler deaerators above 80°C design temperature.
Commentary Note:
Vacuum deaerators operating at ambient temperature are exempt.

g) Vessels in hydrogen service at all temperatures manufactured from P-No.3, 4,
and 5A/B/C base materials.
i) Vessels in Wet Sour Service.
11.3.2 Code exemptions for PWHT are not permitted if PWHT is specified for process
conditions in accordance with this standard.
12 Insulation and surface coatings

12.1 The selection of the type of coating and painting required shall be in accordance with
JERES-H-001.
12.2 The extent and thickness of external insulation shall be specified on the data sheet in
accordance with JERES-N-001.
13 Fireproofing
The extent of fireproofing required on vessel skirts, brackets legs, and saddles shall
be determined in accordance with the requirements of JERES-B-006 and specified on
the data sheet.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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14 Cathodic Protection
Vessels shall be cathodically protected when required by JERES-X-500.
15 Drawings and Calculations

15.1 The data sheet, drawings and forms are to be completed by the Design Engineer to
the extent as detailed in this standard.
15.2 The as built thicknesses of shells, heads, and supports shall be specified by the
Design Engineer on the Safety Instruction Sheet (SIS) after the completion of
fabrication.
15.3 All approved data sheets, drawings and forms are to be submitted to the Company.
15.4 The Design Engineer is responsible for the completion of the Safety Instruction
Sheet (JEREF-2694) for the vessel in accordance with Appendix II and the data on
the Vessel Manufacturer's drawings.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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APPENDIX 1
NOZZLE LOADS FOR METALLIC PRESSURE VESSEL
1 General
Each nozzle shall be capable of withstanding forces and moments given below under design
conditions.
Forces and moments shall be considered to be acting at the intersection of the nozzle axis
and the mid-thickness of the shell or head.
The more stringent case caused by the axial force Fa acting inward or outward shall be
considered.
The allowable stress intensity limits shall be based on defined rules in a recognised
construction code as ASME VIII Divison 2.
2 Loads to be considered
Data
The abbreviation used in the table hereafter corresponds to:
− Fl: longitudinal force in kN;
− Fa: axial force in kN to be considered as
positive and negative value;
− Fc: circumferential force in kN;
− Mc: circumferential moment in kN.m;
− Mt: torsional moment in kN.m;
− Ml: longitudinal moment in kN.m;
− DN: nominal diameter given in inch.
For heads, the following resultant loads shall be

considered:
− resultant shear force F in kN: F = Fl 2 + Fc 2 ;
− resultant bending moment M in kN.m: M = Ml 2 + Mc 2 .
Tables
The load values in the below tables are given by flange rating and nominal nozzle diameter.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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APPENDIX 2
SAFETY INSTRUCTION SHEET
Completion of Form JEREF-2694
1 Give short but comprehensive description covering use or function of vessel

using the title as shown on the drawings and project description wherever
possible; e.g., stabilizer overhead knock-out drum, instrument air receiver,
crude vacuum column, etc.
2 Plant number followed by the letter "D" or "C" and followed by sequence
No.; e.g., 190-D-1, 2-C-204, etc.
3 Manufacturer's name and country where fabricated.
4 Position of vessel: horizontal, vertical, sloped (at angle of degrees with

horizontal or with vertical, or millimetres per meter).
5 Manufacturer's serial number as stamped on nameplate.
6 Year built indicated on name plate.
7 Accounting plant No. (to be completed by user).
8 Specification JERMS-D-3204 or other, as applicable.
9 Company Purchase Order number, including suffix letters such as DA, HA,
TA, NA.
10 Major Company drawings and foreign print numbers.
11 Drawing number of design data sheet.
12 Drawing number of skirt design sheet.
13 ASME-Code or other, whichever is applicable. Show Code Section, year of

issue and addenda.
14 ASME or other material specification for Shell and Head. In case other than
ASME specification is applicable also indicate the allowable working stress
under 39, if different from the Code requirements for the ASME material.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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15 List sections of the vessel that is different in diameter and/or material

thickness. If vessel is of uniform diameter and wall thickness, use the word
shell in this column.
16 The data shall be taken from the certified Vendor's drawings.
17 List heads; both top and bottom heads, top or bottom head as required.
18 Minimum thickness as indicated on the certified Vendor's drawing, as

reported by the inspector, or taken from Vendor's certificates.
19 Form of head such as ellipsoidal with axis ratio; or dished, crown radius and
knuckle radius as applicable.
20, 21 As indicated on certified Vendor's drawings and/or inspection report.
22 Yes or no, based on inspection report and Vendor's certificates (cross out the
non-applicable item).
23 100%, spot, or none, based on inspection report and Vendor's certificates

(cross out the non-applicable item).
24 Joint efficiency in accordance with ASME SEC VIII.
25, 26 The Basis for Calculated Test Pressure to be indicated is the lowest value of
the bases for calculated test pressures for all components of the vessel on the
basis of the design temperature as indicated on the vessel design sheet and
the data shown under key number 14 through 24 inclusive, and 36 and 37.
See ASME SEC VIII, paragraph UG-99(c) and UA-60(e).
For vessels already in service, refer to API STD 510 for methods of
calculating tm and JERMS-D-3204 for determining the test pressure.
27 Component having the lowest Basis for Calculated Test Pressure is limiting.
Special attention should be given to flanges of flanged openings for
limitation of the calculated test pressure, because the pressure rating
variation with temperature differs from the ASME Code. (Refer to ANSI
B16.5). Include limitations of hydrostatic liquid level required by design of
bottom heads or supports.
28, 29 List the shop hydrostatic test pressure and position as specified on the design
sheet and/or the Company outline drawing, or inspection report and/or
Vendor's test certificate. Normally, the shop tests new are specified to be in
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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the horizontal position. Check this value which should be in accordance

with JERMS-D-3204
30, 31 List the field hydrostatic test pressure and position as specified on the design
data sheet and/or the Company outline drawing. In case this information is
not shown on these documents, the field hydrostatic test pressure is the same
as the shop test pressure if the vessel is tested in the same position. If a
vertical vessel was shop tested in a horizontal position, an adjustment should
be made for the hydrostatic head at the bottom parts of the vessel assuming
that the vessel will be completely filled with water during the field
hydrostatic test with the vessel in the vertical and final position. During the
hydrostatic test of high columns or drums, the material stress in the bottom
parts of the vessel shall not exceed 90% of the yield stress for the specified
material.
32, 33, As applicable.
34 & 35
36 List the ASME Class and facing, e.g., Class 150 ASME RF.
37 State the size and type of manhole. This can be in accordance with the
ASME Code using forged steel welding neck flange and blind flange, or in
accordance with Company Standard Drawing, JERSD (2271-AAA-STC-
0490-00) (refer to the JERES-D-001).
38 State the insulation thickness and type as applicable.
39 As applicable. (See key number 14 above.) Include any special

requirements for testing or operation such as guyed vessel, maximum liquid
level because of design of supports.
40, 41 State the design pressure and temperature as indicated on the vessel design
sheet
42 This should be determined for vessels operating under vacuum only and for
vessels where a possibility exists that due to misoperation (including
draining after hydrostatic test or after steaming for gas-freeing), vacuum
may occur. Vessels to be taken in the corroded condition. Calculation
method is indicated in ASME Code.
43 As applicable. Usually: "Operating Requirements" is listed here as specified

in the process design. Refer to vessel design sheet.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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44 State location of safety valve; e.g., top head, fill line, etc.
45 State safety valve setting. This normally is equal to the design pressure
adjusted for the operating hydrostatic head.
See vessel data sheet. The safety valve setting shall not exceed the
maximum allowable working pressure as defined in paragraph UG-98 of the
ASME SEC VIII.
46 State the routine hydrostatic test pressure for periodic inspection.
47 List the various shell sections and heads as under key numbers 15 and 17
above.
48 Refer to the vessel data sheet or compute the minimum required thicknesses
per Code indicated under key number 13 based on the design pressure and
temperature and other governing considerations. For NON-CODE vessels
compute the minimum required wall thickness per ASME SEC VIII,
adjusted for other loading, UG-22, and state the basis under key number 51.
49 State the corrosion allowance for the shell sections and heads.
50 As applicable: normally this will be "indicated design pressure and

temperature". However, other conditions such as "code limit", "hydrostatic
test pressure" or others like "windload", "as-built dimensions and data", may
govern.
51 For non-code vessels state: "t(m) calculated per ASME SEC VIII,
Edition....., addenda.....".
52 Any particulars that are of interest to Inspection and Maintenance.
53 District and Location of vessel. "Jubail Export Refinery".
54 Title of plant or plant section of which the vessel is a part.
55 Follow usual procedure to obtain drawing number.
56 Engineering concurrence as indicated in Section 4 of this Standard plus the

Company Representative approval, as required.
57 Complete this section showing date prepared, and name of originator.
58 Include BI and JO under which the equipment was installed.
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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59 Show Plant No.
60 Signature of Facility Engineering Division head.
REFERENCES:
ASME SEC VIII
JERMS-D-3204
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JERES-D-001 14 May
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JERES-D-001 Design Criteria For Pressure Vessels

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Jubail Export Refinery

Revision Responsibility 14 May

Revision Revision Date Scope of Revision

0 28 April 2008 Issued for bid package

04 31 March 2008 Issued for bid package only for review.

03 28 January 2008 Up-dated as indicated.

02 27 April 2007 Up-dated to modify typo corrections.

01 11 April 2007 The first official JERES-D-001 is issued.

2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications 5

6 Basis for mechanical design 10

7 Nozzles, manways and gaskets 18

10 Clips and attachments 25

12 Insulation and surface coating 27

15 Drawings and calculations 28

1 Nozzle loads for metallic pressure vessel 29

2 Safety Instruction Sheet 32

1.7 Pressure vessels shall be ASME Code stamped.

2 Conflicts, Deviations and Clarifications

3.1 Company References

Company Engineering Standards

Company Material Specification

JERMS-D-3204 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels

JERMS-D-3231 Manufacture of Clad Vessels and Heat Exchangers

JERMS-D-3233 Manufacture of low-alloy vessels and heat exchangers in 2 ¼ Cr - 1

Company Forms and Data Sheets

Company Standard Drawings (JERSD)

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Society of Civil Engineers

American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes

Welding Research Council

Company: Jubail Export Refinery.

Company Representative: A designated person from the Company or an assigned

Company Inspector: A designated person or an agency responsible for conducting

4.2 List of Definitions

Auto-Refrigeration Temperature: Auto-refrigeration temperature is the

Caustic Services: All sodium hydroxide solutions at all temperatures and

Hydrogen Services: Process streams containing relatively pure hydrogen and

Lethal Services: Process streams containing a concentration of hydrogen sulfide in

MDMT: Minimum design metal temperature, determined in accordance with this

P&ID: Piping & Instrument Diagram.

PFD: Process Flow Diagram.

Shock Chilling Effect: The rapid decrease in temperature of a vessel component

Unfired Steam Drums: As defined in ASME SEC VIII D1.

Utility Services: Water, air and nitrogen services.

Vessel Manufacturer: The Company responsible for the manufacture of pressure

data sheet and the requirements of JERMS-D-3204, JERMS-D-3231, JERMS-D-

6 Basis for mechanical design

6.2 Design pressure

b) 10 % of the maximum operating pressure when that pressure is between 1 MPa

6.2.6 For multi-compartment vessels, the differential design pressures between

b) The differential regeneration pressure and temperature.

6.3 Design temperature

6.3.2 The design temperature shall not be lower than 80°C.

6.4 Minimum Design Metal Temperature

c) Auto-refrigeration condition as defined in section 4 of this standard.

6.5 Service and description

6.6 Joint efficiency

6.7 Corrosion allowance

a) A minimum total corrosion allowance of 1.5 mm shall be provided for vessel

b) A 3.0 mm corrosion allowance on root diameter for anchor bolts shall be

6.9.1 Wind and earthquake loads

6.9.2 Weight of liquid contents

6.9.3 Piping and equipment loads