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Ans:
As the Objective function line is shifted upwards & to right side starting from origin(0,
0) it will leave the feasible zone at last at point C. See the graph below. So, optimal point
is at C where x1=10 & x2 =0, so that z = 10x10+0 = 100
0 z 1 0 -1 0 0 0 2 60 20 row20=row10-(-4)xrow23
1 s1 0 1 1/2 1/2 0 1 0 - 1/2 15 30 21 row21=row11-1xrow23
2 s2 0 1/2 1 1/2 0 0 1 - 1/2 5 3 1/3 22 row22=row12-1xrow23
3 x3 0 1/2 1/2 1 0 0 1/2 15 30 23 row23=row13/2
0 z 1 -1 0 0 2 40 20 row20=row10-(-4)xrow22
1 s1 0 2 0 1 -1 10 5 21 row21=row11-2xrow22
2 x2 0 1/2 1 0 1/2 10 20 22 row22=row12/2
Q.6 Degeneracy:
Maximize z = 3x1+ 5x2 => z-3x1-5x2 = 0 …...…..(0)
Subject to x1 + 3x2 ≤ 9 => x1 + 3x2+ s1 = 9 ……(1)
2x1 + x2 ≤ 3 => 2x1 + x2 + s2 = 3 ……(2)
and x1, x2 ≥ 0 => x1, x2, s1, s2 ≥ 0
Eqn Basic z x1 x2 s1 s2 RHS Ratio
0 z 1 -3 -5 0 0 0
1 s1 0 1 3 1 0 9 3
2 s2 0 2 1 0 1 3 3
Same ratio 3, Break the tie arbitrarily, select
0 z 1 -1 1/3 0 1 2/3 0 15
1 x2 0 1/3 1 1/3 0 3 9
2 s2 0 1 2/3 0 - 1/3 1 0 0
0 z 1 0 0 1 2/5 4/5 15
1 x2 0 0 1 2/5 - 1/5 3
2 x1 0 1 0 - 1/5 3/5 0
Ans: z=15, x2=3, x1=0, rest s1=s2=0; no improvement in z value in last two interations; its
degenerate solution as at least one of the basic variable i.e. x1 = 0
0 z 1 7 0 0 5 15
1 s1 0 -5 0 1 -3 0
2 x2 0 2 1 0 1 3
Ans: z1=15, s1=0, x2=3, x1=s2=0, i.e. same as earlier
0 z 1 0 0 2 0 12
1 x2 0 1/3 1 1/3 0 2 6
2 s2 0 2/3 0 - 1/3 1 3 4 1/2
Q.8 Unbounded :
1 s1 0 1 1 1 0 0 5 5
2 A 0 2 3 0 -1 1 30 10
1 x2 0 1 1 1 0 0 5
2 A 0 -1 0 -3 -1 1 15
it's Psuedo-optimal solution as it falsely appears as an optimal solution; it's not feasible as there is at least
one artificial variable with value more than zero i.e. A = 15 here
Coefficients of IBFS
Eq Basic z1 x1 x2 s1 s2 A1 A2 RHS
0 z1 1 -(5M-3) -(3M-1) M 0 0 0 -7M
1 A1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2
2 A2 0 3 2 -1 0 0 1 5
3 s2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 3
Coefficients of
Eq Basic z1 x1 x2 s1 s2 A1 A2 RHS
0 z1 1 (M+1) 0 M 0 (3M-1) 0 -(M+2)
1 x2 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 2
2 A2 0 -1 0 -1 0 -2 1 1
3 s2 0 -1 0 0 1 -1 0 1
Coefficients of IBFS
Eq Basic z x1 x2 s1 s2 A1 A2 RHS
0 z 1 0 1 0 0 M M+1 6
1 x1 0 1 2/3 0 0 0 1/3 2
2 s1 0 0 1/3 1 0 -1 2/3 2
3 s2 0 0 1/3 0 1 0 -1/3 1
No more –ve no. in z1-row, so stop;
Optimal solution is z*= 6, x1*=2, s1*= 2, s2*= 1 ,& the rest x2*=A1*=A2*=0
Dual Optimal Sol: zd= 9/2, a=1/2, b= 1/2, c=0, sd1=3, sd2=sd3=0
Solution of Primal LPP using the coefficients of 0th row:
s1 = coefficient of a = 0; s2 = coefficient of b = 0; s3 = coefficient of c = 0; x1 = coefficient of sd1 = 0
x2 = coefficient of sd2 = 3/2; x3 = coefficient of sd3 = 3/2; z = zd = 9/2
0 z 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 70
1 s1 0 0 -4 0 1 -3 1 0
2 x1 0 1 3 0 0 2 -1 10
3 x3 0 0 -1 1 0 -1 1 10
Ans: z=70, x1=10, x2=0, x3=10, s1=s2=s3=0
Q.16 Change in c_j if x_j is basic
x2 is a basic variable in final table; Let 3x2 in Objective Function : Minimize z = 2x1+ 3x2 + 4x3 is changed to 2x2
so, c2 = 3 and c2n = 2
In optimal solution (final table) z2-c2 = coefficient of x2 in z-row = 0; z2-3 = 0, z2 = 3
new coeff = z2-c2n = 3-2 = 1; All other values remain unchanged
Eqn Basic z x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3 RHS Ratio
0 z 1 1/3 1 0 0 2/3 1 2/3 63 1/3
1 s1 0 1 1/3 0 0 1 - 1/3 - 1/3 13 1/3
2 x2 0 1/3 1 0 0 2/3 - 1/3 3 1/3
3 x3 0 1/3 0 1 0 - 1/3 2/3 13 1/3
Since, x2 is basic variable, its cofficients should be 0 in all rows except x2-row. But in z-row it's 1, so this is not
basic solution. So, eliminate x2 from eq(0) by subtracting eq(2) from eq(0).
Eqn Basic z x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3 RHS Ratio
0 z 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 60
1 s1 0 1 1/3 0 0 1 - 1/3 - 1/3 13 1/3
2 x2 0 1/3 1 0 0 2/3 - 1/3 3 1/3
3 x3 0 1/3 0 1 0 - 1/3 2/3 13 1/3
Ans: z=60, x1=0, x2=3 1/3, x3=13 1/3, s1=13 1/3, s2=s3=0
Q.17 Change in b_i
Let constraint (2) is changed from x1+ 2x2 + x3 ≤ 20 to x1+ 2x2 + x3 ≤ 13, thus b2= 20 is changed to b2n=13
Only RHS values of all rows will be affected. Slack variable for Constraint (2) is s2. So, (b2n-b) is multiplied with
coefficient of s2 of corresponding row and added to RHS of that row. For example, in eq(0) new RHS = 63 1/3 +
(2/3) (13-20), and then proceed.
Eqn Basic z x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3 RHS Ratio
0 z 1 1/3 0 0 0 2/3 1 2/3 58 2/3
1 s1 0 1 1/3 0 0 1 - 1/3 - 1/3 15 2/3
2 x2 0 1/3 1 0 0 2/3 - 1/3 -1 1/3
3 x3 0 1/3 0 1 0 - 1/3 2/3 15 2/3
Infeasible solution, so solving it by dual simplex method
Ratio 5
So z= -f – 45
Q.22