Enzymes

• The tertiary folding of polypeptides are

responsible for the special shape of the
‘active’ site.
• Some enzymes require additional non-
protein groups to enable them to work
efficiently. e.g the enzyme
dehydrogenase needs coenzyme NAD to
function.

The lock and key theory

• Substrate Enzyme
+

Enzyme-substrate complex

1
 A catabolic reaction
[substrate broken down]
• enzyme-substrate
• complex
2 x products

An anabolic reaction
[substrates used to build a new
molecule]

substrate

2
 Anabolic reaction continued
• Enzyme substrate complex

Metabolic reactions
• Metabolic reactions = anabolic reaction
+ catabolic reaction.

• Metabolism is a summary of build up

and break down reactions.

3
 Induced fit theory
• The active site is a cavity of a particular shape.
• Initially the active site is not the correct shape in
which to fit the substrate.
• As the substrate approaches the active site, the
site changes and this results in it being a perfect
fit.
• After the reaction has taken place, and the
products have gone, the active site returns to its
normal shape.

Induced fit theory

• Enzyme Sustrate

4
 Induced fit continued
Induced fit

Enzyme-substrate complex

products

enzyme

5
 Lowering of activation energy
Reaction without
enzyme
• Every reaction requires
the input of energy.
substrate Reaction
• Enzymes reduce the
with
level of activation e enzyme
energy needed as seen in
the graph. n
e
r
g products
y
Progress of reaction

Two minute summary

• Now you have seen the presentation !
• Summarise the most important points of this
presentation.
• What was the ‘muddiest’ point in the
presentation?
• Hand in your paper to the teacher before you
leave the classroom.