21st Century

Literature of the
Region
and
the World
Maria Ofelia T. Parreňo
Learning Facilitator
 Activity
Identify the title of the movie
from which the following
scenes were taken
Akeelah and the Bee
Forrest Gump
Titanic
Sixth Sense
My Girl
Little Giants
Matilda
Parent Trap
Hocus Pocus
Little Rascals
Home Alone
Fern Gully
Lion King
Brave
Howl’s Moving Castle
 Analysis
• Do you have your own favorite movie list?
• What made these movies memorable to you?
• What were the memorable quotes you can
remember from your favorite movies?
 life

tasks text

literature themes

language
• LITERATURE is a significant
human experience captured in
words, well- chosen and
beautifully arranged.
 What is
Literature?

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 “Litera” – Latin word
which literally means an

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What is Literature?

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It is a body of work, either
written, oral, or visual,
containing imaginative
language that realistically
portrays thought,
emotions, and
experiences of the
human condition.

What is Literature?
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• is a product of particular culture
that concretizes man’s array of
values, emotions, actions and
ideas. It is therefore a creation of
human experiences that tells
about people and their world.

What is Literature?
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 What is Literature?

• is a product of particular
culture that concretizes man’s
array of values, emotions,
actions and ideas. It is
therefore a creation of human
experiences that tells about
people and their world.

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 What is
Literature?

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ignatius joseph n estroga
ACTIVITY 1

LITERATURE
L
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E
R
A
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Importance of Literature
• Studying literature is like
looking at the mirror of life
where man’s experiences,
his innermost feelings and
thoughts are reflected.
• Through literature, we learn
the culture of people across
time and space.

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Importance of Literature

• We understand not only the

past life of a nation but also
its present.
• Moreover, we become
familiar not only with the
culture of neighboring
countries but also with that
of others living very far from
us.
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 Universality
Artistry
Intellectual
Value
Permanence
Style
Spiritual Value
Suggestiveness
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 UNIVERSALITY
Great literature is timeless and timely.
Forever relevant, it appeals to one and all,
anytime, anywhere, because it deals with
elemental feelings, fundamental truths
and universal conditions.

LITERARY
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STANDARDS
 Artistry
This is the quality that appeals to our
sense of beauty.
Intellectual Value

LITERARY
STANDARDS
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 Permanence
A great work of literature endures.
It can be read again and again as
each reading gives fresh delight and
new insights and opens a new world
of meaning and experience.
Its appeal is lasting.
LITERARY
STANDARDS
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 Style
This is the peculiar way in which
writers sees life, forms his ideas and
expresses them.

LITERARY
STANDARDS
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 Spiritual Value
Literature elevates the spirit by
bringing out moral values which
makes a better person.
The capacity to inspire is part of the
spiritual value of literature.

LITERARY
STANDARDS
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 LITERARY
STANDARDS
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 21 stCentury
Literature of the
Philippines to the
World
 Philippine Literature in English

1900: English is the official medium of

instruction in all public schools.
 From Philippines to the World
21st Century Literature
"The history of a nation can
be learned in its constitution,
its laws, and its political
statements.
But to know the history of a
nation's spirit, you must
read its literature."
(Croghan, 1977)
Philippine Literature in English
reveals the spirit of the
Filipino.
Gradually, this literature has
learned to express the
deepest of human
experiences in words that
create memorable images.
 Importance of Literature
1. sharing of human experiences
2. learn what you are and how
you have become and what
you might be in the future.
3. shows how the Filipino differs
from others
Development of Philippine Literature
Philippine Literature in English

1. The Early Period (1900-1930)

2. The Middle Period (1930-1960)
3. The Modern Period (1960-1974)
4. Contemporary (1970-Present)
 Pre-colonial Times
• Folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and
indigenous rituals and mimetic dances that
affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian
neighbors.

• Most seminal of these folk speeches is the

riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in
Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in
Bicol.
 Folk Narratives
• epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and
magical.
• They explain how the world was created, how
certain animals possess certain characteristics,
why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes,
mountains, flora or fauna and, in the case of
legends, an explanation of the origins of things.
 Sample Epics:
Darangen: (Maranao- Islam) narrates the heroic feats of the Maguindanao
people–highlighting the bravery and prowess of the skilled Moro
warriors.
 Sample Epics:
• Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilokano)
• Hudhod & Alim (Ifugao)
• Kabuniyan & Bendian (Ibaloi, Benguet)
• Kumintang (Tagalog)
• Ibalon & Aslon (Bikol)
• Maragtas, Haraya, Lagda & Hinilawod (Bisaya)
 Sample Epics:
• Hari sa Bukid (Negros)
• Darangan (Muslim)
• Dagoy & Sudsud (Tagbanua of Palawan)
• Indarapatra at Sulayman (Maguindanao)
• Bidasari (Muslim)
• Parang Sabil/ Parang Sabir (Sulu Muslim)
• Tatuaang/ Tuwaang (Bagobo)
• Ulagingen at Seleh (Manobo)
Hinilawod
Sample Epics:
 Komedya
Senakulo
Sarswela
Ibong Adarna
Florante at Laura
Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo
 Historical visit
• 1905: The Philippine Free Press is founded;
• 1910: College Folio is published at UP; 1920:
Phil. Herald/Phil. Magazine
(most influential literary Magazine.)
Spanish Occupation coincided with the
American occupation
The first teachers were American soldiers
• PNS was founded in 1901;
• UP was founded in 1908
1921:
• first Filipino novel in
English was written by
Zoilo Galang: A Child of
Sorrow
 Summary
• The novel is the depiction of the life of Lucio
Soliman- the main male protagonist. He
went to Merry Town for a vacation with his
friend Camilo. It is said to be governed by a
corrupt governor, Governor Pancho Ismael.
There, he met Rosa- the prettiest woman in
that town. Rosa was said to have no father
but inspite of that, Lucio fell deeply in
love with her. And so did she.
• When Lucio came back to his own
town- Fertile Valley, they continually
keep in touch with each other
through letters. And though Lucio
became busy running their
established organization named "The
Rising Generation", he never forgot
to write to Rosa. They met in
several occasions also and nothing
ever changes with their feelings.
• However one day, a news break out that
Rosa was getting married to Oscar- who
happened to be a friend of Lucio also
and the one who raped Rosa. He was
extremely saddened by the thought of
not having her to spend the rest of his
lifetime anymore. But he continued his
life and devoted his time in his works. It
was then that Governor Ismael was
revealed to be the father of Rosa.
• On the other hand, his father died also.
He was pained, really pained by all the
horrible events that were continually
torturing him. But still, he never gave
up. On the last part, he found out that
Rosa was extremely ill and that she
was suffering for a very long time, He
hurried to her and found out that she
still loves him, and she died in his
arms.
 Characteristics
formal and imitative
fiction is structurally simple
language is easy to understand
moralistic and quite didactic
sense of nationalism is evident
verbose and rhetorical
romantic and melancholic
grammatically uneven
tendency towards melodrama
Evaluation