Daftar Pustaka

1. Dahlan Z. Pneumonia. In Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, Simadibrata M,

Setyohadi B, Syam AF (Eds). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 6th ed.
Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI; 2014. p1608-19.
2. Andayani N. Tingkat mortalitas dan prognosis pasien pneumonia komunitas
dengan sistem skoring CURB-65 di ruang rawat inap paru RSUD Dr. Zainoel
Abidin Banda Aceh. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala. 2014; 14(1).
3. Elena Prina, Otavio T Ranzani, Antoni Torres. Community-acquired
pneumonia. The Lancet. 2015 August; 386(9998).
4. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset kesehatan dasar. Jakarta:,
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2013.
5. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang. Profil kesehatan tahun 2013. Padang:, Dinas
Kesehatan Kota Padang; 2014.
6. Djojodibroto D. Penyakit parenkim paru. In Perdan TI, Sujanto D (Eds).
Respirologi. Jakarta: EGC; 2014. p153-83.
7. A. Torres, C. Cillóni. Clinical Management of Bacterial Pneumonia
Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015.
8. Septimus E. Bacterial pneumonia. In Bope ET , Kellerman RD (Eds). Conn’s
Current Therapy. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2015. p372-4.
9. World Population Prospects The 2017 Revision. United Nation website.
[Online].; 2017 [cited 2018 May 12. Available_from:
https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf
#page=18&zoom=100,-200,510.
10. Badan Pusat Statistik. Proyeksi Penduduk Indonesia 2010-2035. Jakarta:,
Badan Pusat Statistik; 2013.
11. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Situasi Lanjut Usia di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat
Data dan Informasi, Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016.
12. Bartolf A , Cosgrove C. Pneumonia. Medicine. 2016; 44(6):373–7.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 1

13. Moran GJ, Talan DA. Pneumonia. In Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM
(Eds). Rosen’s Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2014.
14. Lin YT, Wang YP, Wang FD, Fung CP. Community-onset Klebsiella
pneumoniae pnemonia in Taiwan: clinical features of the disease and
associated microbiological characteristics of isolates from pneumonia and
nasopharynx. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2015; 9(122).
15. Chao-Yung Yang, Chung-Hsun Lee, Chih-Chia Hsieh, Wen-Chien Ko,
Ching-Chi Lee. Etiology of community-onset monomicrobial bactermic
pnuemonia and its clinical presentation and outcome: Klebsiella and
Pseudomonas matters. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 2017; 1(6).
16. Helmia Farida. Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Indonesia (thesis).
Erasmus University Rotterdam. 2015 April.xxx
17. Howes DS, Peabody JF. Lung infection. In Adams JG, Barton ED, Collings
JL, Deblieux PMC, Gisondi MA, Nadel ES (Eds). Emergency Medicine
Clinical Essentials. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2013.
18. Elza Febria Sari, C. Martin Rumende, Kuntjoro Harimurti. Faktor–Faktor
yang Berhubungan dengan Diagnosis Pneumonia pada Pasien Usia Lanjut.
Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia. 2016 December; 3(4).
19. Konosuke Morimoto, Motoi Suzuki, Tomoko Ishifuji, Makito Yaegashi,
Norichika Asoh, Naohisa Hamashige et al. The Burden and Etiology of
Community Onset Pneumonia in the Aging Japanese Population: A
Multicenter Prospective Study. Plos One. 2017 March; 10(3).
20. Lionel A. Mandell. Community-acquired pneumonia: An overview.
Postgraduate Medicine. 2015 August; 127(6).
21. Daniel M. Musher, Anna R. Thorner. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. The
New England Journal of Medicine. 2014 October; 371(17).

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 2

22. Jeremy PT Ward. The Respiratory System at a Glance. 4th ed. Jeremy PT
Ward, Jane Ward, Richard ML (Eds). London: Wiley Blackwell; 2015.
23. PDPI. Pedoman Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Pneumonia Komunitas di
Indonesia: Badan Penerbit FKUI; 2014.
24. Jay A Fishman. Community-acquired pneumonia. In Michael A. Grippi, Jack
A. Elias, Jay A. Fishman, Robert M. Kotloff, Allan I. Pack, Robert M. Senior,
Mark D. Siegel (Eds). Pulmonary Disease and Disorders 5th edition. 3rd ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2015.
25. S. Madhu , Sabu Augustine , Y. S. Ravi Kuma , Kauser M. M. , S. R. Vagesh
Kumar, B. S. Jayaraju. Comparative study of CURB-65, Pneumonia Severity
Index and IDSA/ATS scoring systems in community acquired pneumonia in
an Indian tertiary care setting. International Journal of Advances in Medicine.
2017 June; 4(3).
26. Zoe Xiaozhu Zhang, Yang Yong, Wan C Tan, Liang Shen, Han Seong Ng,
Kok Yong Fong. Prognostic value of Pneumonia Severity Index, CURB-65,
CRB-65, and procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia in Singapore.
Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare. 2016; 25(3).
27. Adam L. Sharp, Jason P. Jones, Ivan Wu, Dan Huynh, Keith E. Kocher,
Nirav R. Shah et al. CURB-65 Performance Among Admitted and
Discharged Emergency Department Patients With Community-acquired
Pneumonia. Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. 2016 April; 23(4).
28. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia in adults:
diagnosis and management clinical guideline; 2014.
29. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. 32th ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2012. Geriatri; p. 464
30. World Health Organization. World Report on Ageing and Health. Geneva:;
2015.
31. Pitoyo AJ, Kiswanto E, Rahmat PN, Lestariningsih SP. Menjadi lansia
idaman: sehat fisik, sehat sosial psikologis, dan mandiri ekonomi. Jakarta:,
Direktorat Kerjasama Pendidikan Kebudayaan; 2013.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 3

32. Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kelompok Umur dan Jenis Kelamin serta Rasio
Jenis Kelamin di Kota Padang, 2016 [Internet]. Badan Pusat Statistik Kota
Padang. 2018 [cited 1 July 2018]. Available from:
https://padangkota.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/07/11/130/jumlah-
penduduk-menurut-kelompok-umur-dan-jenis-kelamin-serta-rasio-jenis-
kelamin-di-kota-padang-2016.html.
33. Ipek Özmen , Elif Yildirim , Hamza Ogun , Halil Ibrahim Yakar , Tülay
Torun , Haluk ÇalisirI. Is the course of pneumonia the same in elderly and
older patients? Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2016; 19(4).
34. Siti Setiati, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Arya Govinda R. Proses Menua dan
Implikasi Klinisnya. In Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, Simadibrata M,
Setyohadi B, Syam AF (Eds). Buku Ajar Ilmu penyakit Dalam. 6th ed.
Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKUI; 2014. p3669-79.
35. Fillit HM , Rockwood K , Woodhouse K. Brocklehurst's Textbook of
Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders
Elsevier; 2016.
36. Ziegler DV, Wiley CD, Velarde MC. Mitochondrial effectors of cellular
senescence: beyond the free radical theory of aging. Medline. 2015; 14(1).
37. Pelayanan Geriatri Terpadu [Internet]. RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.
2018 [cited 2018 March 16. Available from:
https://rscm.co.id/index.php?XP_webviewrujukan_menu=0&pageid=5&titl
e=Pelayanan%20Geriatri%20Terpadu.
38. Virginie Prendki , Max Scheffler , Benedikt Huttner , Nicolas Garin ,
François Herrmann , Jean-Paul Janssens , et al. Low-dose CT for the
diagnosis of pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective, interventional
cohort study. European Respiratory Journal. 2018; 51(5).

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 4

39. Hiroaki Oka , Kosaku Komiya , Minoru Ohama , Yoshiyuki Kawano ,
Masahiro Uchida , Hajime Miyajima , et al. Prevalence and prognostic
influence of bacterial pyuria in elderly patients with pneumonia: A
retrospective study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016; 17(7).

40. Rejeki Andayani , Asril Bahar. Penatalaksanaan Infeksi Pada Usia Lanjut
Secara Menyeluruh. In Aru W. Sudoyo , Bambang Setiyohadi , Idrus Alwi ,
Siti Setiati , editors. Buku Ajajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: Pusat
Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Indonesia; 2016.
41. Filippo Luca Fimognari , Andrea Corsonello , Alberto Pilotto , Massimo
Rizzo , Valentina Bambara , Giovanna Cristiano , et al. Community acquired
pneumonia in the elderly: the Pneumonia in Italian Acute Care for Elderly
units (PIACE) study protocol by the Italian Society of Hospital and
Community Geriatrics (SIGOT). Geriatric Care. 2016; 2(6569).
42 Joshua D. Brown , James Harnett , Richard Chambers , Reiko Sato. The
relative burden of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in older
adults: a retrospective observational study in the United State. BMC
Geriatrics. 2018; 18(92).
43. Paola Faverio , Stefano Aliberti , Giuseppe Bellelli , Giulia Suigo. The
management of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. European
Journal of Internal Medicine. 2013; 25(4).

44. Luis A. Ruiz , Pedro P. Espana , Ainhoa Gomez , Amaia Bilbao , Carmen

Jaca. Age-related differences in management and outcomes in hospitalized

healthy and well-functioning bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia patients:
a cohort study. BMC Geriatrics. 2017; 17(130).

45. Hossameldin M. M. Abdelrahman , Amal E. E. Elawam. Predictors of

Outcomes of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Egyptian Older Adults.
Middle East Journal of Age and Ageing. 2014; 11(4).

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 5

46. H.J. Heppner, B. Sehlhoff, D. Niklaus, L. Pientka, U. Thiem. Pneumonie-

Schwere-Index (PSI), CURB-65 und Mortalität bei hospitalisierten

geriatrischen Patienten mit Aspirationspneumonie. Zeitschrift
 für Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 2014; 4(8).

47. Nuntra Suwantarat , Karen C Carroll. Epidemiology and molecular

characterization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in Southeast
Asia. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 2016; 5(15).

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas 6