Board of Studies in Physics

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

GONDWANA UNIVERSITY, GADCHIROLI

Syllabus of

B.Sc.First Year (Semester Pattern)

SUBJECT - PHYSICS

Semester I &Semester II
 Semester I &Semester II
SUBJECT - PHYSICS
Teaching and Semester Examination Scheme for B.Sc.

Teaching Scheme Per Week

Examination Scheme
(workload)
Semester

Paper
Class

Practical
Theory Marks

Theory
Practical Total
Total
Internal Marks Marks
Paper
Assessment
I 3 50
I 6 + 1T* 6 20 30 150
II 3 50
B. Sc. I
I 3 50
II 6 + 1T* 6 20 30 150
II 3 50
I 3 50
III 6 + 2T* 6 20 30 150
II 3 50
B. Sc. II
I 3 50
IV 6 + 2T* 6 20 30 150
II 3 50
I 3 50
V 6 + 2T* 6 20 30 150
II 3 50
B. Sc. III
I 3 50
VI 6 + 2T* 6 20 30 150
II 3 50

* Periods for Tutorials per batch.

B.Sc.Semester Pattern Examination Scheme

1. There shall be total six semesters.

2. Each semester shall comprise of 90 teaching days.
3. Each Semester I toVI shall be of 150 marks.
4. Every subject in each semester will comprise of two theory papers of 50 marks each.
Practical will be of 30 marks. Internal assessment of 10 marks for each theory paper
based on academic performance.
i. Paper I Theory ---- 50 marks
Internal Assessment ---- 10 marks
ii. Paper II Theory ---- 50 marks
Internal Assessment ---- 10 marks
iii. Practical ---- 30 marks
Total (i+ii+iii) ---- 150 marks

5. The marks on internal assessment of the student shall be compounded with the theory
Papermarks.
6. The passing marks for theory examination will be 48 marks and that for practical
examination 12 marks.
7. A student will have to perform at least eight (08) experiments per semester. At the time
of Practical examination every student has to perform one experiment of four hours
duration.

8. The distribution of marks for practical examination is as follows.

Record Book ---- 6 marks

Viva-voce ---- 8 marks
Experiment ---- 16 marks
TOTAL ---- 30 MARKS
9. Evaluation of the student during the semester for internal assessment:-
The University approved teacher will have to conduct a test on each unit. The test is to be
carried out with the interest to make the student aware of the basics of the theory and the
experiments as well. This will enhance the viva-voce competence of the student. The record of
these tests is to be maintained in the department duly signed by the teacher in-charge and head of
the department. The record is to be maintained in the following format. Each unit test should be of
10 marks. Find the average and assign it to the student.
Record of marks scored in the unit tests during the semester.
Date Average
Paper I Paper II marks
Name of obtained
S.No. the
Student Test1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4

1 ABC
2 DEF
3 GHI
4 JKL
5 MNO
6 PQR
7 STU
8 VWX
9 YZ

Signature of teacher in-charge Head of Department

10. The internal assessment shall be done by respective college and the marks shall be
sent to the university one month prior to the final examination of each semester.
11. All theory papers shall be divided into four units. Each unit shall be cover in 12 periods
of 48 minutes.
12. The theory question paper shall be of 3 hours duration and comprise of 5 questions
withinternal choice and with equal weightage to all units.The pattern of question

paper shall be as follows.

 Pattern of Question Paper

Subject – Physics
Time: 3 Hours Maximum marks :50

Question No. Marks Allotted

Qu. 1 Either
From Unit - I 10
Or
From Unit - II 10
Qu. 2 Either
From Unit - III 10
Or
From Unit - IV 10
Qu. 3 Either
a) From Unit - I 2.5
b) From Unit - II 2.5
c) From Unit - III 2.5
d) From Unit - IV 2.5
Or
e) From Unit - I 2.5
f) From Unit - II 2.5
g) From Unit - III 2.5
h) From Unit - IV 2.5
Qu. 4 Either
a) From Unit - I 2.5
b) From Unit - II 2.5
c) From Unit - III 2.5
d) From Unit - IV 2.5
Or
e) From Unit - I 2.5
f) From Unit - II 2.5
g) From Unit - III 2.5
h) From Unit - IV 2.5
Qu. 5 Attempt any 10 questions from the following.
(a) Unit - I 1
(b) Unit - I 1
(c) Unit - I 1
(d) Unit - II 1
(e) Unit - II 1
(f) Unit – II 1
(g) Unit – III 1
(h) Unit – III 1
(i) Unit – III 1
(j) Unit – IV 1
(k) Unit – IV 1
(l) Unit – IV 1

The above pattern is for all two papers of each semester of B.Sc. I w.e.f.2012-13& B.Sc. II
and B.Sc. III from next subsequent years.
Proposed Syllabus for B.Sc. I (Semester Pattern)Subject – Physics
The syllabus of Physics as per semester system for the B.Sc. I will be implemented from
the Academic year 2012-2013.

Name of Duration Semester Subject :- Code Title

Programme Physics

B.Sc. I Two
Mechanics, and
semesters 1S-PHY 101
Oscillations,
Theory
Waves, Properties
I
1S-PHY 102 of Matter and
Kinetic Theory

Practical 1S-PHY 103 08 experiments

Electrostatics ,Ma
gnetostatics and
2S-PHY 201
Semiconductor
Devices
Electric Currents,
Theory Motion of Charged
II particles in electric
2S-PHY 202 and Magnetic
fields,
Electromagnetic
waves

Practical 2S-PHY 203 08 experiments

 Syllabus for B.Sc. I Subject – Physics
The syllabus of Physics as per semester system for the B.Sc. I will be implemented from
the Academic year 2012-2013.

Name of Programme : B.Sc. I

Duration: Two semesters
Semester I: Paper I (1S-PHY 101) - Mechanics and Oscillations
Paper II (1S-PHY 102) -Waves, Properties of Matter and Kinetic Theory
Practical: 1S-PHY 103

Semester II: Paper I (2S-PHY 201) - Electrostatics,Magnetostatics and Semiconductor devices

Paper II (2S-PHY 202)- Electric currents, Motion of charged particles in electric and
Magnetic fields, Electromagnetic waves
Practical: 2S-PHY 203

1S-PHY 101: (Mechanics and Oscillations)

Unit I
Laws of motion: Newton’s laws of motion and its limitations, Components of velocity and
Acceleration (radial and transverse), Frame of reference, inertial and non-inertial frame of
reference, uniformly rotating frame, Centripetal force.
Motion under Central force: Motion in a Central and non-central forces and their characteristics,
Conservative and non-conservative forces, Kepler’s laws of Planetary motion (without derivations).
Unit II
Gravitation: Newton’s laws of Gravitation, Gravitational Field and Gravitational potential.
Gravitational potential due to spherical shell Numericals.
Gravitation: Gravitational self-Energy of a body, Gravitational self-energy of uniform solid sphere
Conservation of momenta: Linear and angular momentum and their conservation, torque on a
rigid body, Centre of mass, Velocity and acceleration of centre of mass, System of two particles,
Equation of motion of centre of mass, Conservation of energy, Numericals.
Unit III
Dynamics of rigid body: Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, physical significance of Moment
of inertia, Principle of perpendicular and parallel axis (no derivations), Moment of inertia of a ring.
Simple Harmonic Motion: Linear and angular SHM, Differential equation of linear SHM and its
Solutions. Superposition of two SHM’s of same frequency along the same line, Conditions for
interference of sound, Beats.Lissajous’ figures and its applications, Superposition of two mutually
perpendicular SHM’s of same frequency and frequency ratio 1:2 (analytical method), .Numericals.
Unit IV
Oscillations: Free, Damped and Forced harmonic Oscillations, Differential equation of a damped
oscillator and its solutions, Energy equation of damped oscillations, Power dissipation, Differential
equation of a forced oscillator and its solutions, Power absorption, Resonance, Quality factor and
bandwidth.Numericals.
1S-PHY 102 (Waves, Properties of Matter and Kinetic theory)

Unit I
Waves: Speed of transverse waves on a uniform string, harmonics and overtones, Speed of
longitudinal waves in liquid (Newton’s formula), Energy density and energy transmission in waves,
phase and group velocity, Superposition of waves , Standing waves, normal modes of bounded
systems.
Ultrasonic waves: Production, Detection and Applications of Ultrasonic waves and infrasonic
waves.Numericals.
Unit II
Elasticity: Hooke’s law, Stress and Strain, Three elastic Constants, Relation between Y, K and η,
Poisson’s ratio, Elastic limit, Yield point, Elastic fatigue, Bending of beam, External and internal
bending moments, Cantilever, Depression of centrally loaded beam, Torsion of a cylinder (Twisting
Couple), Torsional Pendulum.Numericals.
Unit III
Viscosity: Streamline and Turbulent flow, Coefficient of viscosity, Reynold’s number, equation of
continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications(Lift of an Aeroplane and Atomiser), Poiseulle’s
equation, Stoke’s law by method of dimension.
Surface tension: Surface tension and its molecular interpretation, Angle of contact, Excess of
pressure inside a liquid drop, bubble in air and liquid, wetting and spreading, Numericals.
Unit IV
Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions, Boyle’s law, rms speed, degrees of freedom (mono-, di-,
poly-), law of equipartition of energy, mean free path and its derivation.
Transport phenomena: transport of momentum, transport of energy and transport of mass, their
interrelationship and dependency on temperature and pressure.
Real gas: Vander Wall’s equation of state for real gas, comparision of theoretical and experimental
isotherms, critical constants.Numericals.
1S-PHY 103 :( Practical)

Every student will have to perform at least five (05) experiments from each group. This end
semester practical examination shall be conducted by internal examiner.

Group A

1. Moment of inertia of flywheel.

2. Study of conservation of momenta in two dimensional collisions.
3. Study of compound pendulum.
4. Acceleration due to gravity by Kater’s pendulum.
5. To determine moment of inertia of a body using Bifilar suspension.
6. Study of oscillations of mass under different combinations of spring.
7. To determine velocity of transverse waves on stretched string using sonometer.
8. Determination of velocity of sound wave in air (gas) with Kundt’s tube.
Group B

1. Young’s modulus by Cantilever or by method of bending.

2. Modulus of rigidity by torsional pendulum or Maxwell’s needle.
3. Modulus of rigidity by statistical method.
4. Coefficient of viscosity by Poiseulle’s flow method.
5. Determination of surface tension by Quinke’s method.
6. Determination of surface tension by capillary rise method.
7. To determine pressure coefficient of air by constant volume air thermometer.
8. Study of heating efficiency of electric kettle with varying voltages.
Reference Books: Semester I
1. Mechanics – D.S. Mathur,Dr P.S. Hemne

2. Physics for degree students B.Sc. First Year – C.L. Arora, Dr P.S. Hemne

3. B.Sc. Practical Physics - – Dr P.S. Hemne, Harnam Singh

4. Heat, Thermodynamics and statistical Physics – Brijlal, Subramanyam, Dr P.S. Hemne

5. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday and Resnick (6th edition)

6. Concepts of Physics Vol. I and II - H.C. Verma

7. Properties of Matter – Brijlal

8. Waves and Oscillations – Chaudhari R.N.

9. Berkely Physics Course – Vol. I

10. Waves and Oscillations – Brijlal and Subramanyam

2S-PHY 201: (Electrostatics,Magnetostatics and Semiconductor devices)
Unit I
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law in vacuum expressed in vector forms, Force between two charges,
Definitions of Electric field intensity and Electric potential, Expression for Electric field intensity
due to a point charge, Electric dipole and Electric dipole moment, Expression for Electric field
intensity due to electric dipole, Expression for Torque on a dipole on a uniform electric field.
Unit II
Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications for finding E for hollow cylinder and spherical
shell, Force per unit area on the surface of a charge conductor in an electric field.

Dielectrics:Basics of Dielectrics, Capacitors, Parallel plate capacitor with dielectric, Dielectric

constant, Polar and non-polar molecules, polarization and polarization vector, displacement vector,
Relation between D, E, and P, Numericals.

Unit III
Magnetostatics: Force on moving charge, Lorentz force equation, Definition of B, magnetic dipole
moment, angular momenta and gyromagnetic ratio, Force on straight conductor carrying a current
in uniform magnetic field, Torque on a current loop, Biot-Sawart’s law, Ampere’s law, Field due to
magnetic dipole, Magnetization current, Electromagnetic induction: Self and mutual inductance
Transformer – Construction and working, Energy losses and parameters.Numericals.

Unit IV
Semiconductor Devices: Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductor, pn-juction diode in forward and
reverse bias, Half wave rectifier, Full wave rectifier(Idc, Vdc, Irms, efficiency and ripple factor),
Working of Full wave bridge rectifier, Filters (L and π-section), Zener diode- its working and
characteristics, Zener diode as voltage regulator.Light emitting diode, solar cell.
Numericals.
2S-PHY 202 (Electric currents, Motion of charged particles in electric and Magnetic fields,
E.M waves)
Unit I
Steady Electric current: Kirchoff’s laws and its applications, Rise and decay of current in LR, CR
circuits, Decay Constants, Decay of charge in LCR circuits.

Alternating electric current: AC circuits, Complex numbers, j-operator and applications to LR

and CR circuits.Numericals.

Unit II
Alternating Electric currents: LC Rcircuit using j- operator method, Complex impedance and
reactance, Series and Parallel resonance, Q-factor, Power consumed by AC circuit, Power factor.

Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields: E as an accelerating field, Path
described by electron in an electric field, Path described by electron in tranverse magnetic field,
Magnetic deflection sensitivity, Electric and magnetic field in crossed configuration, Velocity
selector. Numericals.

Unit III
Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields: CRO- its construction and working,
time base, Unknown frequency by CRO using Lissajous figures, Linear accelerator, Principle of
Cyclotron, It’s construction and working Parallel E and B fields, Positive rays, discovery of
isotopes, Thomson’s parabola method of determination of isotopic masses.

Unit IV
Electromagnetic waves: Maxwell’s Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, Electromagnetic
field energy density, Wave equation satisfied by E and B, Electromagnetic waves in vacuum
medium, Poynting vector, waves in conducting medium.
2S-PHY 203 :( Practical)
Every student will have to perform at least five (05) experiments from each group. This end
semester practical examination shall be conducted by internal and external examiner both.
Group A

1. Characteristics of ballistic galvanometer.

2. Use of vibration magnetometers to study a field.
3. Measurement of low resistance by Carey Foster’s bridge.
4. Measurement of inductance using impedance at different frequencies.
5. Measurement of capacitance using impedance at different frequencies.
6. Study of decay of currents in LR and CR circuits.
7. Response curve of LCR circuit, resonance frequency and quality factor.
8. Unknown frequency using CRO by Lissajous Figures.
Group B

1. To calibrate the torch bulb filament (6 V) from resistance measurements.

2. Characteristics of a choke.
3. Measurement of inductance of a coil.
4. Determination of frequency of ac mains by using sonometer.
5. Study of transformer using three voltage method.
6. Low resistance by potentiometer.
7. Study of regulated power supply.
8. Study of zener diode as voltage regulator.
Reference Books: Semester II

1. Mechanics – D.S. Mathur,Dr P.S. Hemne

2. B.Sc. Practical Physics - – Dr P.S. Hemne, Harnam Singh
3. Physics for degree students B.Sc. First Year – C.L. Arora, Dr P.S. Hemne
4. Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems – E.C. Jordan
5. Electricity and Magnetism – S.S. Atwood
6. Electricity and Magnetism – A.S. Mahajan and A.A. Rangwala
7. Electricity and Magnetism - Brijlal and Subramanyam
8. Electricity and Magnetism – D.N. Wasudeva
9. Electrodynamics – S.L. Gupta and R. Singh
10. Mechanics and Electrodynamics – Brijlal and Subramanyam
11. Introduction to electrodynamics - D.J. Griffiths
12. Fundamentals of Physics – Halliday and Resnick