A SEMINAR REPORT

ON

“GREEN BUILDING”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the
Degree of

BACHELOR IN TECHNOLOGY
BY
CHINMAYA KUMAR DHARA
REGD NO.-1721310077
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
ASST.PROF. DIPTIMAYEE DEHURY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MODERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

BHUBANESHWAR
2019
 MODERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
MANAGEMENT,BHUBANESHWAR

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the seminar report entitled “ GREEN BUILDING ” submitted
by CHINMAYA KUMAR DHARA , bearing roll no.- 1721310077, impartial
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in
Civil Engineering under Biju Pattnaik University of Technology (BPUT), Rourkela
is an authentic work carried out by the group under supervision & guidance during the
academic year 2019-2020.

To the best of my Knowledge the matter embodies in the Seminar has not been
submitted to any other university/ institute for the award of any degree.

Signature of Signature of Signature of

Project Guide H.O.D (Civil Dept.) Principal
 DECLARATION

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where other ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified
any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the
above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and also can evoke penal
action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom
proper permission has not been taken when needed.

CHINMAYA KUMAR DHARA

Regd. No. – 1721310077
Dt:- 11.11.2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to my Seminar Guide Asst. Prof.

Diptimayee dehury for his invaluable suggestion, constructive criticism, motivation
and guidance for carrying out related experiments and for preparing the associated
reports and representations. His encouragement towards the current topic helped me a
lot in this project work.

I owe my thankfulness to Asst. Prof. Prashant Kumar Sethy, HOD (Department

of Civil Engineering) And Prof. Dr. Purajit Mishra, Principal, MITM providing
necessary facilities and guidance in the department.

I am also thankful to other faculty members and friends for being constant support
throughout the seminar project work.

CHINMAYA KUMAR DHARA

Regd. No. – 1721310077
Semester- 7th
Branch - Civil
Dt:- 11.11.2019
 ABSTRACT

Green building refers to a structure and using a process that is

environmentally responsible and resource efficient through out a building’s
lifecycle. Since buildings consume nearly 50% of world’s total energy,
green buildings, on the other hand, consume minimum amount of energy
with the use of energy efficient materials. Hence, location of green
buildings in the close proximity would create a green zone and providing
much healthier environment with minimum heat island effect. In India there
are two primary rating systems for green buildings GRIHA (green rating for
integrated habitat assessment), LEED (Leadership In Energy and
Environmental Design). The LEED Green Building rating system
developed and managed by the USGBC, is the most widely used rating
system nationally and internationally. Buildings are given ratings of
platinum, gold and silver or “certified”, based on green building attributes.
The Indian green building council IGBC founded by collaboration between
the confederation of Indian industry (CII) and the private manufacture
Godrej, has taken steps to promote the green building concept in India.
LEED- India rates on buildings on environmental performance and energy
efficiency during design , construction and operation stages . Green
Building when compared to a conventional building seems same extremely
and in building use but differs in the operational savings and concerns for
human comfort and indoor and environment. Green buildings enjoy the
benefits of saving 40-50% energy by reducing CO2 emissions into the
atmosphere it also saves about 20-30% of water by using rain harvesting or
grey water re-use techniques. It also reduces VMT(Vehicle Miles
Travelled) by choosing the location near by public transport and
conveniences which helps in reduction of gasoline consumption. But on the
other hand, green buildings face many barriers like the high initial
investments required for construction, spilt incentives.
 INDEX

1) AIM OF THE PROJECT

2) INTRODUCTION
3) OBJECTIVES
4) METHODOLOGY
5) FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
a. Energy efficiency.
b. Material efficiency
c. Water efficiency.
6) BUILDING DESIGN AND ESTIMATION
7) TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTED
a) Solar Photovoltaic Module
b) Ground Water Recharge
b) Drip Irrigation
8) MATERIALS USED
a) Fly-Ash Blocks
b) High Volume Fly-Ash Concrete
c) Low VOC Paints
d) Solar Reflective Glass
9) CERTIFICATION AND GUIDELINES.
10) COMPARISION BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL BUILDING AND
GREEN BUILDING
11) FUTURE SCOPE
12) MERITS & DEMERITS OF GREEN BUILDING
13) CONCLUSION
14) REFERENCES
 1) AIM

The aim of project is to “Find out a simple and economical way of

constructing a GREEN HOME Which a common man from a middle class or an
upper middle class family can easily afford.”

WHEN SMART
MEETS
GREEN WHAT DO
YOU GET ? ? ?
THE
S.M.A.R.T.
GREEN
TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING
S.M.A.R.T.
•S=Sustainable
•M=Meaningful
•A=Applied
•R=Research
•T=Training
+
GREEN
=
S.M.A.R.T. GREEN TECHNOLOGY
 2) INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

¾ Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands

and complements the building design concerns of economy , utility, durability, and
comfort.

¾ A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier space for
occupants as compared to conventional building

¾ Market estimates suggest that India will be adding 11.5 million homes every year
thus, making it the world’s third largest construction market by 2020. With rapid
urbanization and strong economic growth, the construction industry is becoming
one of the fastest growing sectors in India providing employment to nearly 18
million people.

¾ This will be beneficial for the people who are really conscious about the
environmental impact of the buildings and believe in energy conservation.

¾ Economy is the major factor in any type of construction work, especially for
residential houses and more specifically when they are situated in the megacity in
a developing country like India.

¾ There is a need of concentrating on a Green Home, which is one of the most

important and one of the discussed topics throughout the globe, in the age of
global warming and climate change worldwide.

¾ In this situation, some middle way is necessary to be found out, to encourage the
green construction
 3) OBJECTIVE

™ Green building are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built
environmenton human health and the natural environmental by :
™ Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.
™ Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity.
™ Reducing waste, pollution and environment degradation.
™ Using energy, water and other resources efficiently.
™ By reducing waste, pollution, and environmental degradation.
™ To design a residentially viable Green Building including maximum open space
with cost effective design and materials.
™ Improve indoor air quality by orientation natural ventilation design.
™ Implementing Rain Water Harvesting system with Ground Water Recharge as an
attempt to improve regional Ground water table.
™ Using eco-friendly and regionally available construction materials.

• Need of The Project:

The reasons why this project is important are listed below:

It is general belief that a Green Home will cost much more Than a
Conventional Home, but some middle way is required to be found out by
analyzing the real situations & conditions in the market.
In these days, when everyone is talking about the Green construction, there is
need of a way by which a common can afford a Green Home.
 4) METHODOLOGY

9 Understanding Green Building

9 Design of Green Building
9 Structural Design
9 Certification and Guidelines

The project used a mixed methodology to synthesize knowledge on alternative

solutions in green buildings. This mixed methods approach includes primary research
consisting of interviews with green building practitioners and secondary research
using document analysis. Interviews are the primary source of data for the study to
identify and collect alternative solutions and discuss the regulatory experience of
green buildings. The goal set for the number of interviews was approximately 15
practitioners, planners or green building project managers. Key informants include
project managers or planners of green buildings who are familiar with details of
building code variances for building code, fire code or plumbing code requirements
and were identified using the following criteria:

9 Projects located within Canada

9 New build projects, not building retrofits
9 Projects with a certification like Living Building Challenge, LEED Platinum,
Passive House
9 Preference for large, complex buildings

Major Criteria
To achieve green element in buildings
 5) FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

A) Energy Efficiency:
Energy Efficiency can be achieved by,
Using non-conventional and renewable sources of energy.
Reducing energy consumption.
Optimize energy performance.
Use of alternative renewable sources of Power such as Solar Power, Bio mass,
Wind Power, Hydro Power etc.
In buildings, it is achieved by installing solar panels and photovoltaic, Solar
water heater, natural lighting and ventilation and by use of low consumption
electrical appliances.

› Technologies
To Achieve Energy Efficiency in Building

I. Passive Solar Building Design

II. Solar Water heating
III. Building Integrated Photovoltaic
 I. Passiive Solar Building
B Design
ƒ Deesigning annd orientinng window
ws, walls and
a floorss to utilizee direct sun
n light.
ƒ Using direct sunlight for
f heatingg in winteer and avoiiding the ssame in suummer.
ƒ Maaximum use of natuural delighting for veentilation.

II. Solarr Water Heating

H
ƒ Use of solar pow
wer for heaating waterr
ƒ Works on solar power
p so no
n operatio onal cost
ƒ Deliverrs hot wateer for mosst of the tim
me in a yeear
III. Building Integrated Photovoltaic

ƒ Photovoltaic (PV) Panel converts Solar power in to useful Electricity.

ƒ These PV modules can be installed on walls and rooftop of building.
ƒ Clean (eco-friendly) source of electricity.
ƒ Reduces consumption of conventional thermal electricity.
ƒ Proves to be economical in long term.

B) Material Efficiency:
Material Efficiency can be achieved by,
Using eco friendly materials.
Construction waste management.
Use of regional and rapidly renewable materials.
Use of wastes and debris of demolition works.
Compressed Earth Blocks, Fly ash Blocks, Stabilized Mud blocks, HVFC,
Bamboo, Low VOC paints and other recycled materials.
Use of Solar Reflective Glass and Low VOC paints for better indoor air
Quality.
 › Eco-Friendly Construction materials
To Achieve Material Efficiency in Building

I. Compressed Earth Blocks

II. Fly ash Blocks
III. High Volume Fly ash Concrete
IV. Low VOC Points
V. Solar Reflective Glass

I. Compressed Earth Blocks

ƒ It’s a compressed mix of dirt, non expansive clay and aggregate.

ƒ Slurry used for bonding of CEB is also of same mixture of dirt and clay.
ƒ Simple in manufacturing so, It can be prepared near the construction site.
ƒ Economic since it uses dirt and clay which is not expensive at all.
ƒ Fire resistant, Sound Resistant, Non-toxic in nature.
 II. Fly ash Blocks

ƒ Mix of Fly ash and Lime

ƒ Fly ash is a by product of Thermal power
plants.
ƒ Thus Fly ash, a waste material is utilized
for construction.
ƒ Fly ash is very cheap (only cost of
transportation) hence the blocks are also
economical.
ƒ Possess high strength, good finishing and
uniformity in size which reduced quantity
of plastering.
ƒ Low water absorption.
ƒ Blocks are of comparatively large size
hence, construction becomes faster.

III. High Volume Fly ash Concrete

ƒ Mix of Fly ash and Lime.

ƒ About 50 % of the cement is replaced by
Fly ash in HVF Concrete, Thus reducing
use of cement and utilizing waste
material.
ƒ More economical as compared to ordinary
concrete.
ƒ Fly ash replacement doesn’t alter its
strength if correct proportion is
maintained.
ƒ Improved workability, reduced
segregation and bleeding, increased pump
ability.
ƒ In long term, less W/C ratio, increased
strength, less shrinkage, low heat of
hydration.
IV. Low VOC
V Poin
nts

ƒ VOC
C is Vollatile orgaanic com
mpound arre
drying agent of paint, which arre toxic to t
hummans.
ƒ VOC C keeps evvaporatingg from waall surfacees
for years.
y
ƒ Loww VOC paints contains minimum m
amoount of VOOC .
ƒ Bettter indoorr air quallity, proteects Ozonne
layeer, less allergic,
a quick drrying, low w
odouur.

V. Solar Reflectivve Glass

ƒ Refllects infrarred rays of

o sun. 
ƒ Onlyy permits visible ligght to passs through it.
i  
ƒ Keeps indoorss comparaatively coooler hencee, achievinng energy efficiency
y. 
ƒ 3°C-4°C tempperature innsulation is i achievedd. 
ƒ Highh durabilitty and resiistance to surface ab
brasion, wear
w and teear. 
 
 

 
C) Wateer Efficiiency:
Waterr Efficienccy can be achieved by,

Treeatment of waste waater and Recycling

R of Grey water.
w
Waater conseervation annd groundd water reccharge by Rainwater
R r harvestin
ng.
Coontrolled water
w use and
a wastage reductiion.
Reeducing stoorm waterr runoff byy efficient landscapiing.

› U wateer
Use
To Achieeve Waterr Efficien
ncy in Building

I. Recyclin
ng of Greyy Water
II. Rain Waater Harvvesting
I. Recyccling of Grey
G Wateer

ƒ Grey water is waste

w watter form laundry, dishwashin
d ng and batthing which can bee
recyccled on site Withoutt purifyingg it can bee used forr landscaping and so ome otherr
agricuultural purrposes.
ƒ With purification it can be b used foor bathing, toilet fluushing, carr washing and otherr
purpooses exceppt drinkingg and cookking.
ƒ It hass many beenefits inccluding lesss impact on treatm ment plantt, lower frresh waterr
extracction, top soil nitrifi
fication.
II. Rain Water
W Haarvesting

ƒ Colllection andd utilizatioon of storm

m water.
ƒ Storrm water can
c either be stored on site an nd used latter or it caan be rechaarged intoo
the undergrou
u und aquifeer.
ƒ RWWH system are benefficial indivvidually as
a well as for societyy in case of
o groundd
wateer rechargge.
ƒ Redduced runooff, less extraction
e of fresh water, less load onn treatmeent plants,,
imprrovement in regionaal ground water tablle.
 6) BUILDING DESIGN

¾ It is the concept of sustainable building and has largest impact on cost and
performance.
¾ Is aims to minimize the environment impact associated with all life-cycles.
¾ Its main intensions is to minimize the total environment impact associated with all
life-cycles.
¾ It has the largest impact on cost and performance of building.
¾ Design of the building have an important role in cost and performance of the
building throughout the life cycles.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

¾ According to the available built-up area of site, we have designed 2 storied

building with each floor of 2 BHK.
¾ Building is designed for higher middle class group of peoples.
¾ Plan is designed according to Green Building Principles.

PLANNING PRINCIPLE ADOPTED IN DESIGN

¾ Plan is oriented facing east for maximum utilization of natural light and
ventilation.
¾ Comparatively larger opening of windows are provided.
¾ Ducts provided for ventilation of interior parts of Building and also to allow cross
ventilation.
¾ Balconies connecting dining by French windows to enhance ventilation and
interior beauty.
¾ Onsite rainwater harvesting and ground water recharge facility is proposed in plan.
 7) TECHNO
T OLOGY IM
MPLEME
ENTED

¾ Solar Photovvoltaic Module

M
♦ 2000KWHr consumpttion of single
uniit (flat) peer month iss assumedd.
♦ 3488 units of PV moduules are insstalled
on roof annd on caar shed, Each
moodule of 230 2 Watt-H Hr.
♦ Coost of Insttallation ofo PV moodule=
Rs. 2,400,0000.
♦ Alll the unitss in buildiing shall run
r on
eleectricity generated by b PV moodules
forr 300 sunnny days in a year.

Sourrce- www.suuranaventurres.com
¾ Grouund Watter Rechharge
♦ Rechargee Shaft tecchnique off GW Rech harge is prroposed.
♦ Avg. annnual rain faall in Mum
mbai regio
on= 1800-22400mm.
♦ Total Cattchment Area
A (roof + car shed d)= 504.5S Sq.
♦ Avg. annnual water rechargedd= 943,420litres.
¾ Drip Irrigation:
• Description:
Drip irrigation systems provide a landscape, thus preserving soil moisture, and
significantly reducing water waste from overspray.

• Application:
Install drip irrigation systems in place of standard sprinkler systems for all
landscape applications except turf.

• Benefit:
Drip irrigation systems dramatically reduce landscape water use and lower water
costs.

Drip Irrigation
 8) MATERIALS USED

¾ Fly Ash Blocks

♦ Fly ash Bricks are feasible because, they are eco-friendly, easily
available, economical.
♦ Blocks are hollow hence reduces load on structure and provides
insulation to walls
♦ Cost comparison:
– Standard Brick 1st Class (190X90X90mm)= Rs.10 per brick
– Hollow Fly ash Blocks (190X90X390mm)= Rs. 22.5 per block

Note- 1 Fly ash block is twice as big as compared to 1 ordinary brick

¾ High Volume Fly Ash Concrete

♦ HVFC is feasible because Fly ash is cheap, easily available and best suited as a
filler material in concrete.
♦ HVFC are more economic when compared to Ordinary concrete.
♦ Cost Comparison:
Source- Eversmile pre-fabrication pvt.ltd.

¾ Low VOC Paints

♦ These paints are comparatively more expensive then ordinary paints but they
are still preferable because of there reasonable advantages.
♦ Low VOC paints reduces Ozone depletion and improves indoor air quality.
¾ Solar Reflective Glass
• Theese glass are
a feasiblle becausee they
conntrols the infrared rays off sun
keeeps indooor enviroonment cooler
thenn outside.
• Theey are more exxpensive then
orddinary glasss but stilll economical if
the expensess of electtricity forr Air
connditioning are also considered
c d.

¾ Rooffing
A roof should
s be a symbol of safety, stability, durabilityy and proteection fromm Motherr
Nature. Accordinng to thee Spray Polyureth hane Foam m Alliannce (SPFA A), sprayy
polyuretthane foamm (SPF) roofing
r syystems aree noted foor their loong life, renewable
r e
and energy savingg characteeristics, ass well as th
heir abilitty to help control moisture
m inn
buildinggs.

• SPFF roofing systems are

a resistaant to leak
ks
cauused by hail,
h windd-driven debris,
d an
nd
highh wind bloow-off.

• Thee SPF’s wind

w uplift resistancee exceeded
the capacityy of UL’s U equuipment -
valiidating SPPF roofingg systemss’ excellennt
winnd up-lift resistance
r .
¾ Skylights and sky roofs:
• Skylights and sky roofs are increasingly popular, as a way of bringing daylight
deep into the interior of a structure.
• Periscope- it has a sunlight-gathering acrylic dome on the roof, internal
9 Reflector , and a diffuser lens that emerges within the room.
9 This brings the advantages of natural daylight into a space without the
heat gain of traditional skylight
• The size of the tube allows it to be installed between roof rafters, so no cutting
and rerouting of structural members takes place. A 13"-diameter tube provides
a summer noon output equivalent to 600 incandescent watts of lights and
illuminates up to 150 square feet.

Openable skylights provide daylighting and natural ventilation.

 
 
 
 9) CERTIFICATION AND GUIDELINES
Certification Councils

IGBC (Indian Green Building Council):

• The India Green Building Council (IGBC) was formed in the year 2001 by
Confederation of India Industry (CII).
• The aim of the council is to bring green building movement in India and facilitate
India to become one of the global leaders in green buildings by 2015.

IGBC Rating System:

• IGBC has developed green building rating programmes to cover commercial,
residential, factory buildings, etc..
• Each rating system divided into different levels of certification are as follows:
• ‘Certified’ to recognize best practices.
• ‘Silver’ to recognize outstanding performance.
• ‘Gold’ to recognize national excellence.
• ‘Platinum’ to recognize global leadership.
BEE Certification:

The Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) launched the Energy

Conservation Building Code (ECBC). The code is set for energy efficiency standards
for design and construction with any building of minimum conditioned area of
1,000 m2 and a connected demand of power of 500 KW or 600 KVA. The energy
performance index of the code is set from 90 kW·h/sqm/year to 200 kW·h/sqm/year
where any buildings that fall under the index can be termed as "ECBC Compliant
Building".
Moreover, the BEE launched a five-star rating scheme for office buildings
operated only in the day time in three climatic zones, composite, hot&dry,
warm&humid on 25 February 2009. IGBC rated green buildings are also able to meet
or exceed the ECBC compliance. The CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre is a
BEE 5 star-rated building.

Green Buildings Project In India

Suzlon Energy Limited-Pune

Biodiversity Conservation India-Bangalore
Olympia Technology Park-Chennai
ITC Green Centre-Gurgaon
The Druk White Lotus School-Ladakh
Doon School-Dehradun
Raintree Hotels-Chennai
Nokia-Gurgaon
Rajiv Gandhi International Airport-Hyderabad
Hiranandini-BG House, Powai
ABN Amro Bank, Chennai
Palais Royale at Worli, Mumbai
Punjab Forest Complex,Mohali
 10) COMPARISION B/W CONVENTIONAL
& A GREEN BUILDING

Green Building Different From Normal Buildings:

• The design, maintains and construction of building have tremendous effect on our
environmental and natural resources.

• Green Building is different from other buildings because it use a minimum

pollution, increases the comfort, health and safety of the people who work in them.

• It also minimize the waste in construction by recovering materials and reusing or

recycling them.
 11) FUTURE SCOPE

During the next few years green buildings are well poised to grow at 50-60%
annually.

The green building concept is catching up fast globally, and in India too. A
green building is one, which in the process of constructing a building, uses renewable
materials, saves money on light bills, gas bills, and water bills. This method can
include using all natural materials but for the most part, it pertains to saving
environment and cost’s. it is a reflection of the growing concern for environment and
energy, and the awareness that to huge consumption also leads to huge depletion of
resources. More and more people are becoming aware of this fact and the concept of
green building is here to stay and it should be encouraged and promoted for the
betterment of society. Our experience of the recently constructed green building have
been very encouraging.

Five scenarios for the future:

1. Business As Usual
2. An Internal Revolution At USGBC To Adopt The BREEAM Model.
3. An Entirely New New Approach That Focuses On Great User Experience.
4. Save The Earth-Net Zero Carbon.
5. Reward Continuous Improvement.
 12) MERITS & DEMERITS OF GREEN BUILDING

MERITS:
• Efficient Technologies

• Easier Maintenance

• Return On Investment

• Improved Indoor Air Quality

• Energy Efficiency

• Water Efficiency

• Waste Reduction

• Temperature Moderation

• Water Conservation

• Improved Health

DEMERITS:
• Initial Cost Is High

• Availability Of Materials

• Need More Time To Construct

• Need Skilled Worker

 CONCLUSION

The aim of the project was to understand, plan and design Green Building that has
been achieved by studying different green technologies for buildings, by planning
and designing building layout, development of plan, elevation, sections etc. Various
Green technologies and materials proposed with their feasibility study and cost
comparison.

So, on the bases of the above figures, it can be concluded that:

– “If the intention is to construct a new Home to live in, it is advisable to go for
a GREEN HOME rather than the ordinary conventional home. Because, the
percentage increase of 12.94% in the total cost is not a negligible amount when
the intention is just to renovate or retrofit an Old Home”

™ Green building is a financially, health, and most importantly environmentally

responsible idea that more people need to adopt
™ The India green building council developed LEED in order to help Customers,
designers, and builders to work together to create buildings with minimal
impact on the environment possible.
™ Build the green building to undertaken think for

“HUMAN COMFORTABLE WITH ECO-FRIENDLY”

REFERENCE

Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery

(Hardcover) by Charles J. Kibert

Allen & Iano, 2008[Allen, E, & Iano, J. (2008). Fundamentals of

building construction: materials and methods. Hoboken, New Jersey:

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Dr Shivraj Dhaka (14 July 2016). IGBC.

www.google.com  

www.wikipedia.com  

www.studymafia.org