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Neon lights work by using neon gas inside glass tubing. The gas is excited by electricity to glow. Conductors allow electric current to flow through the movement of electrons. Insulators do not allow electric current as the electrons are tightly bound. Resistors control electric current by resisting electron flow and releasing energy as heat or light. Switches open and close circuits to start and stop electric current. Variable resistors gradually adjust current through a curved resistor controlled by a dial.
Neon lights work by using neon gas inside glass tubing. The gas is excited by electricity to glow. Conductors allow electric current to flow through the movement of electrons. Insulators do not allow electric current as the electrons are tightly bound. Resistors control electric current by resisting electron flow and releasing energy as heat or light. Switches open and close circuits to start and stop electric current. Variable resistors gradually adjust current through a curved resistor controlled by a dial.
Neon lights work by using neon gas inside glass tubing. The gas is excited by electricity to glow. Conductors allow electric current to flow through the movement of electrons. Insulators do not allow electric current as the electrons are tightly bound. Resistors control electric current by resisting electron flow and releasing energy as heat or light. Switches open and close circuits to start and stop electric current. Variable resistors gradually adjust current through a curved resistor controlled by a dial.
Conductors and Insulators • the electrons in insulators are tightly bound to the positive nucleus of their atoms and they cannot flow • e.g.) glass, rubber
• in conductors, electrons are not tightly bound and are free to
move (with some resistance) • e.g.) metals Superconductors
• superconductors are perfect conductors
• the electrons have no resistance to flow
• the temperature must be very low (close to absolute zero)
for superconductivity Resistors
• resistors allow only a certain amount of electric
current to pass • resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow through a substance • resistance is measured in Ohms (Ω) • the resistor gains energy from each electron that passes through it • this energy can be released as heat or light • E.g.) in a space heater or light bulb
• liquids can also be good resistors
Switches
• switches are used to control the flow of electricity through a circuit
• when the switch is on, two conductors are pressed together, closing the circuit and making electricity flow • switches are enclosed in an insulating case for protection Variable Resistors • variable resistors allow the gradual adjustment of electric current • also called rheostats • made of one single curved resistor • a dial changes the amount of the resistor that is used
Dimming the lights
Stereo volume control
Mini-Lab Either use lab materials or go to PHET Circuit Construction and try adding resistors and switches to your circuits. Explain how a switch effects your circuit. Explain how a resistor effects your circuit.
Challenge: Are you able to add a switch to a circuit that shuts off only one light while one light in the circuit remains on?